Objective To explore the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of male breast cancer.Methods The clinical data of 17 male patients with breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively.Results The average age of these 17 patients was 59.6 years.In these 17 male cases,the breast cancer in 3 cases was stageⅠ,in 5 cases stageⅡ,in 7 cases stage Ⅲ,and in 2 cases stage Ⅳ.The major pathological type was typical invasive ductal carcinoma.The breast cancer positive rates of estrogen receptor was 82.4 % and progestogen receptor(PR) was 72.5 %.All of these cases were treated by radical operation and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy,endocrine therapy and(or) chemotherapy.One patient was lost to follow-up,2 died of non-tumor disease 8 months and 3 years after operation,respectively,and the other 14 have survived for 1-12 years after operation.Conclusions Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease,age of onset is more advanced,and the misdiagnostic rate is high.Tamoxifen is the first choice of hormone therapy.Many factors influence the prognosis of male breast cancer,the most important of which are the TNM stage of tumor,and condition of lymph node involvement.

ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between somatic symptoms， five-state personality and emotional symptoms of bipolar disorder （BD）， and to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of BD. MethodsThe basic information of the BD patients was collected， and the self-administered somatic symptom questionnaire was used to investigate the somatic symptoms with a frequency of ＞20%， which were scored as the somatic symptom scores； the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD） was used to evaluate the patients' depressive symptoms， the Young Mania Rating Scale （YMRS） was used to evaluate the patients' manic symptoms， the Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） was used to evaluate the patients' anxiety symptoms， and Five-State Personality Test was used to evaluate the patients' five-state personality （including taiyang personality， shaoyang personality， yin-yang balance personality， shaoyin personality， and taiyin personality）. Network analysis and linear regression were used to analyse the correlation between the somatic symptom scores and the five-state personality scores， HAMD scores， YMRS scores， and HAMA scores. ResultsThere were 269 patients with BD included， and 19 somatic symptoms with a frequency of ＞20%， the top three being lack of strength （152 cases， 56.51%）， dry mouth （137 cases， 50.93%）， and preference for cold drinks （112 cases， 41.64%）， and the somatic symptom scores were ［7.0 （0，10.0）］ points； the YMRS scores were ［3.0 （0， 7.5）］ points； the HAMD scores were ［11.0 （5.0， 18.0）］ points； and HAMA score was ［6.0 （2.0， 10.0）］ points. Among the five-state personalities， taiyang personality ［10.0 （7.0， 13.0）］ score； shaoyang personality ［10.0 （7.5， 13.0）］ score； yin-yang balance personality ［5.0 （3.0， 7.0）］ score； shaoyin personality ［13.0 （10.0， 16.0）］ score； and taiyin personality ［14.0 （9.0， 18.0）］ score. Complex network analysis showed that BD somatic symptoms were positively correlated with taiyin personality score （r = 0.23）， HAMD score （r = 0.21）， and YMRS score （r = 0.13）； taiyin personality score was positively correlated with HAMD score （r = 0.17） and negatively correlated with YMRS score （r = -0.03）. Linear regression analyses showed that somatic symptom scores were positively correlated with HAMD score （β = 0.138， P = 0.003）， YMRS score （β = 0.128， P = 0.006）， and taiyin personality scores （β = 0.182， P＜0.001）. ConclusionDepression， mania， and taiyin personality are independent risk factors for somatic symptoms in patients with BD， and taiyin personality is strongly associated with somatic symptoms in patients with BD.

Objective To investigate the effects of baicalein (Bai) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and its mechanism in mice.Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups by random number table:namely sham group,I/R group and Bai+I/R group,with 8 mice in each group.Intestinal I/R induced lung injury model was reproduced by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 90 minutes,followed by reperfusion.Bai (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 1 hour before ischemic challenge in the Bai+I/Rgroup.The mice in sham group underwent the similar procedure with I/R group but without vascular occlusion.All mice were sacrificed at 4 hours of reperfusion,and blood was collected from inferior vena cava and lung tissues were harvested.Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE),and histological changes were examined under light microscope for pathological score.Lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio was calculated.Lung cell apoptosis was determined by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique.Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung tissues were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein expression levels of cytoplasmic inhibitory factor-α of nuclear factor-κB (IκB-α) and nucleus NF-κB were determined by Western Blot.Results Under light microscope,a normal lung tissue structure was shown in the sham group and no evidence of obvious lung injury was found.In the I/R group,the alveolar structure was seriously damaged.The alveolar wall was widened and there was significant interstitial edema and leukocytes infiltration.In the Bai+I/R group,pathological damage was significantly decreased as indicated by reduced lung tissue edema and leukocytes infiltration.Compared with the sham group,the lung pathological scores,W/D ratio and cellular apoptosis in the I/R group were significantly increased.Bothserum TNF-α and IL-6 contents and lung TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expressions were significantly increased.Furthermore,I/R significantly resulted in a decrease of IκB-α in the cytoplasm and an increase of NF-κB in the nucleus.Notably,Bai treatment significantly attenuated ALI induced by intestinal I/R injury.Compared with the I/R group,the lung pathological scores and W/D ratio in the Bai+I/R group were significantly decreased (lung pathological score:4.59±1.17 vs.6.27±1.34,W/D ratio:3.79±0.28 vs.4.32±0.57),cellular apoptosis was significantly decreased [(4.85 ± 2.47)％ vs.(8.15 ± 2.33)％],both serum TNF-α and IL-6 contents and lung TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased [serum TNF-α (pg/L):124.18±30.49 vs.167.72 ± 38.65,IL-6 (ng/L):1.65 ± 0.69 vs.2.43 ± 0.57;lung TNF-α mRNA (2-△△Ct:4.75 ± 2.38 vs.7.69 ± 2.32,IL-6 mRNA (2-△△ Ct):16.45 ±4.39 vs.27.69 ± 6.82],additionally,Bai pretreatment significantly increased cytoplasmic IκB-α protein expression (gray value:0.47 ± 0.11 vs.0.27 ± 0.09),while decreased nuclear NF-κB protein expression (gray value:0.57 ± 0.13 vs.1.07 ± 0.14,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Bai could attenuate intestinal I/R injury induced ALI via the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the psychometric features of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） in adolescents with bipolar disorder， so as to evaluate its appropriateness for the measurement of cognitive deficits in adolescents with bipolar disorder. MethodsAdolescents with bipolar disorder （n=38）， adolescents with major depressive episode （n=40） and healthy controls （n=41） matched on age， sex and educational background were enrolled. Adolescents with bipolar disorder were assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale （MoCA） and MCCB at baseline and 2 weeks later， while the rest were only assessed using MCCB at baseline. Thereafter， the psychometric features of MCCB such as internal consistency， test-retest reliability and criterion-related validity， discriminant validity and structural validity were evaluated using Cronbach's α coefficient， Pearson correlation analysis， analysis of covariance and confirmatory factor analysis. Results①The Cronbach's α coefficient of MCCB in adolescents with bipolar disorder was 0.784 at baseline and 0.773 at two weeks later， respectively. ②Among adolescents with bipolar disorder， the test-retest reliability over a two-week interval of each dimension in MCCB ranged from 0.630 to 0.812 （P<0.01）. ③ The criterion-related validity denoted that the score of short-term memory domain in MoCA was positively correlated with the speed of processing， verbal learning and working memory in MCCB （r=0.487， 0.522， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ④ Discriminant validity analysis implied that the scores of the processing speed， attention/vigilance， working memory， verbal learning and memory， visual learning and memory， reasoning and problem solving in MCCB yielded statistical differences among adolescents with bipolar disorder， adolescents with major depressive episode and healthy controls （F=3.790~7.243， P<0.01）. ⑤ Exploratory factor analysis showed that cumulative total variance contribution rate of MCCB amounted to 71.65% of four factors， and the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the ideal 7-factor model had poor structural validity. ConclusionMCCB has good internal consistency， retest reliability and acceptable validity in adolescents with bipolar disorder.

ObjectiveTo explore the elements， distribution and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in depressive episodes of bipolar disorder （BD）. MethodsBasic information， along with the four examination information， the Hamilton Depression Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale scores， were collected from 293 outpatients with BD at Beijing Anding Hospital， Capital Medical University. The four examination information with an occurrence rate greater than 12% were retained. The R language “dist” function was used to calculate the distances between samples using the Euclidean distance method. The hierarchical clustering of the four examination information was performed using the “hclust” function and the squared Euclidean distance method. A team of five researchers was formed to determine the nature and location of the essential elements of TCM syndrome in BD based on the clustering results. The PC algorithm was used to construct a Bayesian network model of the essential elements. The working group combined the essential elements of TCM syndromes in the Bayesian network according to the reference model results， and then extracted common TCM syndromes. The score of each patient based on the essential elements was matched with the common TCM syndromes to determine the syndrome type of each patient. The working group then performs conformity and revision based on this， obtaining the final distribution of TCM syndromes for the patients. ResultsThere were 77 common TCM symptoms in BD with a frequency greater than 12%. The top 15 symptoms with higher frequencies were slippery pulse， mental fatigue and lack of strength， wiry pulse， excessive rumination， preference for solitude， vexation， agitation and irritability， dry mouth， palpitations， profuse dreaming， unwarranted worries， chest oppression， thin white coating， amnesia， frequent sighing， and poor appetite. TCM syndrome elements of BD can be grouped into 11 categories. The nature of disease-related essential elements included fire， qi deficiency， blood deficiency， qi counterflow， yin deficiency， dampness， heat， fire from constraint， and phlegm. The location of disease-related essential elements included heart， liver， spleen， stomach， kidney， bladder channel， and gallbladder. By constructing a Bayesian network model and considering the opinions from the experts， six common syndromes of BD were identified， among which the highest proportion was heart-stomach heat accumulation， accounting for 27.99% （82 cases）， followed by heart-spleen deficiency （55 cases， 18.77%）， non-interaction between the heart and the kidney （49 cases， 16.72%）， liver constraint and blood deficiency （42 cases， 14.33%）， heart qi deficiency （37 cases， 12.63%）， and damp-heat in the liver and gallbladder （28 cases， 9.56%）. ConclusionsThe nature of disease-related elements of BD are predominantly fire and heat， while the location of disease-related essential elements are primarily associated with the heart， liver， and spleen. The most common TCM syndromes are heart-stomach heat accumulation and heart-spleen deficiency.

OBJECTIVETo assess clinical therapeutic effect and safety of acupuncture combined with fuxiting on depression.

METHODSFifty-three cases of depression were divided into an observation group (n = 30) treated by acupuncture combined with fuxiting and a control group treated by fuxiting. Their clinical therapeutic effects were assessed by HAMD, HAMA and CGI, and adverse effects by TESS.

RESULTSAfter treatment of 6 weeks, the total effective rate was 80.0% in the observation group and 69.6% in the control group with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in scores of HAMD and HAMA before and after treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The adverse effect in the observation group was less and milder than that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture combined fuxiting has good therapeutic effect on depression with less and mild adverse effects.

The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is a measure of worry phenomena and has been demonstrated valid in cross-cultural populations. The present study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of PSWQ (Ch-PSWQ) in a Chinese college sample (n=1243). Exploratory factor analysis of the Ch-PSWQ revealed a two-factor solution (engagement of worry and absence of worry). Confirmatory factor analysis and model comparison supported that the model of one factor with method effect provided the best fit to the data. The Ch-PSWQ and its factors evidenced good internal consistency and both convergent and discriminate validity. The present study supports the opinion that the second factor of PSWQ not only contains the component of evaluating pathological worry, but also might represent other traits.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; physiopathology ; psychology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the effects of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) inhibitor FK866 on polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury in mice. Methods Eighty-four healthy male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups by random number table method (n = 21): sham group, sepsis-induced liver injury model by cecal ligation and perforation group (CLP group), vehicle+CLP group and FK866+CLP group. FK866 (10 mg/kg) or same volume dimethyl sulfoxide were given intraperitoneally into mice 24, 12 and 0.5 hours prior to CLP in the FK866+CLP group or the vehicle+CLP group, respectively. Fifteen mice in each group were used to observe the 48-hour survival after operation. The remaining 6 mice were sacrificed 20 hours after operation to harvest venous blood and liver tissue samples for index detection. The levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by colorimetry; the levels of serum NAMPT, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); the protein expressions of hepatic NAMPT, cytoplasmic IκBα and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured by Western Blot. Results Compared with the sham group, the 48-hour survival in the CLP group was significantly decreased; serum and liver NAMPT protein levels were significantly increased, serum ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6 levels and mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 in liver tissue were significantly increased; the expression of cytoplasmic IκBα protein was significantly decreased, and the expression of nuclear NF-κB protein was significantly increased; which indicated that CLP induced NF-κB activation, inflammation and liver injury. There was no significant difference between the vehicle+CLP group and the CLP group. Compared with the vehicle+CLP group, the 48-hour survival in FK866+CLP group was significantly increased (53.33% vs. 26.67%); serum ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6 levels and mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 in liver tissue were significantly decreased [serum ALT (U/L): 128.94±32.48 vs. 237.24±58.61, serum AST (U/L):289.89±68.74 vs.468±82.17, serum TNF-α (pg/L): 65.17±18.74 vs.127.64±48.18, serum IL-6 (ng/L): 31.78±5.23 vs. 60.87±13.12, liver TNF-α mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 8.37±4.17 vs. 18.24±6.12, liver IL-6 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 18.58±7.12 vs.34.24±6.71], the expression of cytoplasmic IκBα protein was significantly increased (IκBα/GAPDH: 0.23±0.03 vs. 0.12±0.04), while expression of nuclear NF-κB protein was significantly decreased (NF-κB/Lamin B1: 0.25±0.04 vs. 0.42±0.05), with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusion NAMPT inhibitor FK866 protects polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and inflammation.

There is a shared problem in current optical imaging technologies of how to obtain the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. In this work, an imaging system for obtaining the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profile was presented. Firstly, Fourier transformation profilometry was used for obtaining the profile information of biological tissues, and then the difference of incident light intensity at different positions on biological tissue surface was corrected with the laws of illumination, and lastly the optical parameters of biological tissues were achieved with the spatial frequency domain imaging technique. Experimental results indicated the proposed imaging system could obtain the profile information and the optical parameters of biological tissues accurately and quickly. For the slab phantoms with height variation less than 30 mm and angle variation less than 40º, the maximum relative errors of the profile uncorrected optical parameters were 46.27% and 72.18%, while the maximum relative errors of the profile corrected optical parameters were 6.89% and 10.26%. Imaging experiments of a face-like phantom and a human's prefrontal lobe were performed respectively, which demonstrated the proposed imaging system possesses clinical application value for the achievement of the optical parameters of biological tissues with complex profiles. Besides, the proposed profile corrected method can be used to combine with the current optical imaging technologies to reduce the influence of the profile information of biological tissues on imaging quality.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Light ; Optical Imaging ; Phantoms, Imaging

The study aims to explore the active molecules of traditional Chinese medicine that specifically bind to interleukin-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) using molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. AutoDock molecular docking software was used to perform simulated docking of more than 3 000 compounds from 48 traditional Chinese medicines at IL-15Rα and screen the specific binding compounds. Then Biocore T200 biomolecular interaction analysis system of SPR was used to confirm the binding specificity of the selected target compounds. Finally, the biological effects of the target compounds on IL-15Rα were verified by cell biological experiments. The results showed that neoprzewaquinone A (Neo) possessed the highest specific binding affinity among the active molecules from traditional Chinese medicine, and the dissociation constant (K_D) value was (0.62 ± 0.20) µmol/L. The results of cell experiment showed that Neo significantly inhibited the proliferation of Mo7e cells induced by IL-15, and the IC₅₀ was 1.075 µmol/L, approximately 1/120 of the IC₅₀ of Cefazolin (IL-15 specific antagonist). These results suggest that Neo is a specific inhibitor of IL-15Rα and may be a potential active drug for the treatment of diseases related to the dysfunction of the IL-15Rα signaling.
Molecular Docking Simulation ; Interleukin-15/pharmacology* ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism* ; Protein Binding