No abstract available.
Analgesics*

PURPOSE: To investigate the necessity of additional posterolateral fusion in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) by comparing the clinical and radiological results of PLIF with circumferential fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 22 cases of circumferential fusion and 21 cases of PLIF, clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kirkaldy-Willis method. Intensity of pain, usage of analgesics and patient's satisfaction were also investigated. The fusion rates and changes of the heights and angles of discs in fused and adjacent segments were analyzed radiologically. RESULTS: No significant radiologic differences were found between two groups in terms of fusion rate, changes of disc height and angles in fused and adjacent segments. In each group, good or excellent results were obtained in 71% and 73%, respectively. A longer operation time was needed and the amount of blood loss was larger in the circumferential fusion groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of posterolateral fusion seems to have no more advantages than PLIF only.
Analgesics

Opioids are the most effective analgesics for cancer pain treatments. But the ineffective treatment of cancer pain is often related to insufficient knowledge of opioids and fear of the addiction along with the side effects. To achieve effective treatment of cancer pain with opioids, we need a careful assessment of pain, proper use of opioids and regular review of the effectiveness of prescribed opioids. Basic principles of opioids therapy in cancer pain are 1. Oral opioids (or transdermal) if possible; 2. Combination of long-acting opioids for constant pain with short-acting opioids for breakthrough pain; 3. "Opioids rotation"in poor analgesia and significant side effects with the calculations of the morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) 4. Initiation of prophylactic treatment for constipation and nausea. In this review, I will describe the essential aspects of opioids therapy, pharmacology, rotation, properties of the individual opioids, and management of common side effects.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Constipation ; Morphine ; Nausea

The analgesic efficacy of Morphin sulfate capsule 30mg manufactured domestically was evaluated in 59 cancer patients. Time of action onset after the first 30mg dose was 15-60 minutes (35-45 min in 70.6% patients) and the analgesic effect lasted from 2.5 to 12 hrs (4-5 hrs in 59.3% patients), depending on patients' pain score prior to administration of drug. Generally, 77.9%, 11.9% and 10.2% patients acquired good, moderate and poor results from analgesic treatment, respectively
Analgesics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Morphine

According to the studies of several authors, both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMPc) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMPc) were proved to play an important role in the regulatory effect of analgesic acupuncture. The practice of acupuncture reduced the AMPc level in the brain, while GMPc showed a significant increase. When AMPc level in the brain showed a decline, or GMPc level was elevated, the acupuncture analgesic effect was imported. The serum AMPc level was stable or declined after acupuncture
Acupuncture ; Analgesics ; Medicine, Traditional

No abstract available.
Analgesics, Opioid* ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Neuralgia*

As the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain gradually increases, clinicians have more opportunities to encounter opioid prescription. However, guidelines for prescribing opioids for chronic non-cancer pain have never been published in Korea. The present guidelines were prepared by reviewing various research data. In cases in which the data were insufficient, recommendations were presented following discussion among experts affiliated with the Opioids Research Group in the Korean Pain Society. The present guidelines may need to be continuously revised and amended as more clinical evidence is acquired.
Analgesics, Opioid* ; Korea* ; Prescriptions

No abstract available.
Analgesics, Opioid* ; Korea*

Objective: To determine the current cost, medication preferences, willingness to pay for symptom relief and reduced adverse events of adult patients with acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among adult Filipinos consulted for musculoskeletal conditions at Family Medicine Clinic. Data were collected through a questionnaire and a systematic sampling of respondents. Results: The study had a total of 342 participants with degenerative osteoarthritis as the most common primary diagnosis. Twenty percent (N=69/342) were acutely symptomatic while 273/342 (80%) have chronic musculoskeletal pain. Most would prefer medicines at a lower price point, effectively reduces pain, fast onset of action, longer therapeutic effects and less adverse effects. Willingness-to-pay was at an average price of Php 86.11 (SD±15.47) per pill for complete symptom relief. Conclusion Adult Filipinos with musculoskeletal pain symptoms prefer pain medicines with good symptom control, less adverse event and were willing to pay for complete symptom relief at an average of eighty-six pesos per pill.
Musculoskeletal Pain ; Analgesics

An HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Dextromethorphan hydrobromide, Clorpheniramine maleate, Guaiphenesin, and Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in tablets, capsules or in syrups is introduced. The chromatographic conditions are as follows: Column: Lichrosorb Si 60(250X 4 mm; 5mm); Mobile phase: Water: 0.001 M Ammonium Perchlorate methanolic solution pH6.7:20:80; Flow rate: 0.8 ml/min; UV- Detector at 254 nm. Experimental results showed that the method is accurate (er = 0.69 - 3.19%; recoveries: 98.7-101.9%).
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Dextromethorphan ; Chlorpheniramine ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Analgesics