BACKGROUND:Extracelular matrix degradation and remodeling is the common pathway of a variety of pathological and physiological processes, and is invovled in the pathogenesis of a variety of oral diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of extracelular matrix remodeling folowing celular apoptosis in recurrent aphthous ulcer and the therapeutic effect of baicalin, so as to provide references for new drug development and clinical treatment. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, recurrent aphthous ulcer model, low-dose baicalin and high-dose baicalin groups. Rat models were established using oral mucosal homogenate plus Freund’s immunoadjuvants in the recurrent aphthous ulcer model, low-dose baicalin, and high-dose baicalin groups. Rats in low-dose baicalin and high-dose baicalin groups were intragastricaly administered 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of baicalin respectively for 14 days, once per day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, serum superoxide dismutase level was distinctly decreased, however, malondialdehyde level distinctly increased; the expression levels of Bax, Caspase3 and matrix metaloproteinase 2/9 were increased, but the expression of Bcl2 was decreased in the recurrent aphthous ulcer model group. The abovementioned indicators of rats returned greatly towards normal levels in the low dose baicalin and high dose baicalin groups, and there was significant difference in the effects of different doses of baicalin on these indicators. These results suggest that baicalin treats recurrent aphthous ulcer mainly through inhibiting extracelular matrix degradation and remodeling.

Objective To discuss the relationship between the incidence of lymph node metastasis and tumor size in patients with non small cell lung cancer,and to provide evidence for clinical operation and follow -up treat-ment.Methods 180 patients with non small cell lung cancer who were hospitalized and recieived Lobectomy opera-tion were selected,the clinical data of patients and resection of tumor size,lymph node metastasis were retrospectively analyzed,and then the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and tumor volume was investigated.Results 180 cases of patients with lymph node metastasis rate was 37.20%,in which hilar lymph node metastasis rate was 11.02 percent and mediastinal lymph node metastasis rate was 10.95%.Lung lymph node metastasis rates in lymph node metastasis,hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis of T1a were 13.21%,15.09% and 13.21%;those of T1b period were 38.09%,35.71% and 28.57%;of T2a period were 44.44%,37.78% and 31.11%;of T2b period were 64.26%,57.14% and 53.57%;and those of T3 period were 58.33%,66.67% and41.67%.Lymph node metastasis,hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis in lung lymph nodes transfer rate with patients of T1a had significantly differences compared with patients of T1b,T2a,T2b and T3 stage.(χ2 =5.363,6.175,4.372,8.778, 5.363,9.631,7.936,9.631,20.463,7.521,6.175,4.387,all P <0.05).Hilar lymph node metastasis and lung metastases of T1b and T2b had a significant difference (χ2 =12.353,4.585,all P <0.05).Conclusion For non -small cell lung cancer,tumor size is positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and the greater the tumor size, the greater the likelihood of lymph node metastasis.

Multifocality and multicentric breast cancer (MMBC) has been attached remarkable importance.The diagnosis of MMBC is of great importance for breast cancer individualized management,particularly regarding the choice of surgical method.A discovery of MMBC may be verified decisions to perform a wider excision which will avoid the appearance of positive margins.As for the results of conservative surgery developed by MMBC,however,contradictory conclusions exist in the related documents.No general common has been reached.MMBC may also alter the solution of the axillary basin.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN),characterized pathologically by deposition of IgA complexes in the glomerular mesangium,is the most common form of primary glomerulo-nephritis in children and adolescents and is considered to be one of the important cause of end-stage renal failure.Abnormal immune factors become the research hotspot in recent years,but the specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated.Toll-like receptors are a family of receptors,which have been evolutionarily conserved to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Toll-like receptors do not only play an important role in activation of innate immune,but also regulate acquired immune,which is a bridge connecting the natural immune and acquired immune.Studies have shown that Toll-like receptors plays an important role in the process of occurrence and development of IgAN.This paper reviews its biological characteristics and the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Objective To learn the health status and community care needs of the elderly in Chongqing urban area ,and provide a basis for the future development of geriatric nurse in community .Methods SF‐36 scales and a self‐designed questionnaire were used to know the health status and community care needs of 1 005 elderly in Chongqing .Results The incidence rate of chronic com‐munity elderly was 79 .69% .SF‐36 scale total score was (71 .76 ± 12 .85) ,physical health was (72 .46 ± 17 .56) ,and mental health was (73 .29 ± 16 .87) .Multiple regression showed that number of chronic cases ,economic status ,age ,lifestyle were unhealthy situa‐tion factors .Community care needs of the top five in turn were regular inspection ,care and community experts ,high‐quality commu‐nity nurses ,health lectures ,and first aid care .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of elderly community care needs revealed that sex (X1 ) ,occupation (X2 ) ,economic conditions (X3 ) ,inspection (X4 ) ,community care to understand the situation(X5 ) were fac‐tors ,Regression predict model:P=1/[1+Exp∑ (-2 .155+0 .612X1 -0 .121X2 +0 .173X3 +0 .211X4 +1 .107X5 )] .Conclusion Communities need to strengthen regular physical check for the elderly ,pay more attention to elderly male ,strengthen chronic dis‐ease management ,pension and health ,nutrition and health promotion ,enhance the training of personnel for community aged care , and change community care models .

BACKGROUND:Pathogenesis of endometriosis involves many factors that ultimately lead to the emergence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in the theory of endometrial stem cel s, and to provide suggestions for the pathogenesis and treatment of endometriosis. METHODS:VIP database and PubMed database were retrieved for articles addressing endometriosis stem cel theory, including original research, experimental analysis, case analysis and review, published from January 2005 to October 2015. Keywords wereendometriosis, stem cel sin Chinese and English, respectively. After removal of repetitive articles, 48 articles were included for final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Endometrial stem/progenitor cel s may exist in the endometrium, and these cel s and bone marrow stem cel s are speculated to be involved in the occurrence of endometriosis. Therefore, treatment of endometriosis is targeted to endometrial stem/progenitor cel s and abnormal regulation on signal transduction pathway, which provides new insight into the mechanism of action and treatment of endometriosis.

Objective To set up a method for determination of the trace amounts of aluminium(Ⅲ) in water samples. Methods Second derivative polarogaphy was used. Results In a solution of acetate buffer(HOAc-NH4OH, pH=5.8), Al(Ⅲ)reacted with Berllon Ⅲ to form a complex and a sensitive polarogaphic adsorptive wave appeared at -0.54 V(vs.SCE). By using the 2nd derivative polarogaphy measyrement, the wave height had a linear relationship with the concentration of Al(Ⅲ)in the range of 0.005-0.300 ?g/ml. The limit of detection was 3.0 ng/ml. RSDs were 5.4%-9.1%. Recovery rates were 92.7%-108.0%. Conclusion The present method is sensitive, accurate with high selectivity and can be applied to the determination of the trace amounts of Aluminium(Ⅲ) in water sample with satisfactory results.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a controllable management system for clinical pharmacy so as to ensure its quality.METHODS: The clinical pharmacy work was programmed by applying classical PDCA management.RESULTS: By using PDCA cycle,the working system and standards for clinical pharmacists were able to be set up and the performance of clinical pharmacists could be evaluated so as to be preliminarily approved by the clinic.CONCLUSION: The PDCA management can be applied in the clinical pharmacy as well as in the management of hospital pharmacy.

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the gap between the production cost and retail prices of Chinese patent drugs for references of setting scientific and reasonable drug price.METHODS: The retail prices of the selected drugs were surveyed on the spot;the production prices of the drugs were calculated using the cost accounting theory;statistical method was adopted to compare the equivalence between the production cost and retail price and compute the rational ratio between cost and retail price.RESULTS: Among the 93 high price Chinese patent drugs surveyed,the retail prices of only 6 approached their theoretical retail prices,and the remaining 87 had unreasonably high prices to different extent.CONCLUSION: More importance should be attached to the unreasonably high prices of Chinese patent drugs.The upper limit of the retail prices or daily dose retail prices of Chinese patent drugs should be set so as to keep the unreasonably high drug prices under control.