Subunit vaccines are developed from the immunologically active fragments of pathogens and do not have genetic materials,which have been the center of research attention,guiding the direction of the development for new generations of vaccines.Given their safety advantages and high immunological activities,subunit vaccines play important roles in prevention of the spread of pathogenic viruses.This paper mainly introduces the research progress and applications of the subunit vaccines in common viral diseases,aiming to establish a theoretical basis for the development of the subunit vaccines on new viral diseases.

This article discusses the definition, commonality and clinical implications of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke. In the definition of the two, the problems in the definition of TIA and ischemic stroke published by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association are pointed out, such as how to define " transient" ? In the commonality part of the two, based on the analysis of reversible ischemic tissue (i.e. ischemic penumbra), It is pointed out that there is a situation that the symptoms last for 24 h or even several days without infarction in clinical practice, and the concept of persistent ischemic attack (PIA or " persistent state of ischemic attack" ) is introduced. In the clinical implications part, the PIA is further elaborated, and the judgment, inference and significance of transience/persistence are discussed. It is suggested that the significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke over a certain time threshold should be taken as the criterion of " transient" threshold. This time threshold may be between 5 and 20 min. If the threshold is exceeded, it can be diagnosed as PIA. Patients with PIA may benefit from intravenous thrombolytic therapy, and this also becomes another basis to determine whether the time threshold exists and is reasonable.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of rehabilitation training on family caregiver of schizophrenic in rural areas.Methods60 schizophrenic patients in rural area were divided into rehabilitation group and control group. The rehabilitation group and their caregivers received training of family rehabilitation for 12 months. The caregivers in the control group only received interview. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS) were used to assess the patients before, 6 months and 12 months after training. The self-made caregiver questionnaire was to assess mental knowledge and family harmony of the caregivers.ResultsPsychiatric knowledge and family harmony for caregivers significantly changed in the rehabilitation group after the family rehabilitation training. There were significant differences in the BPRS and SDSS score between the rehabilitation group and the control group.ConclusionThe family rehabilitation training can benefit the rural schizophrenic patients and their caregivers.

Objective To explore the effect of gradual community-based rehabilitation on schizophrenia in the countryside. Methods 60 rural patients with schizophrenias were randomly sampled and divided into two groups: the rehabilitation group and the control group. The patients in the rehabilitation group were intervened with comprehensive rehabilitation by specialist, while those in the control group were intervened with follow-up survey. They were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) before and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20 months after the rehabilitation. Results The differences in scores of BPRS, SDSS and SANS were more significant with the time of rehabilitation. Conclusion The outcome of the community-based rehabilitation for schizophrenias may associate with the persistence in the countryside.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sit-to-stand velocity and dynamic or static balance respectively in stroke patients. Methods 22 stroke patients were measured with Five Times Sit to Stand (FTSTS). Static balance performance as well as swaying of center of gravity in lateral directions was recorded with balancing apparatus. The distance of Functional Reach Test (FRT) was also recorded. The relationship between FTSTS scores and hemiparetic side, ENV.Area, and the distance of FRT were analyzed. Results The score of FTSTS positively related with hemiparetic side, ENV.Area, and the distance of FRT (P<0.05). The main factors associated with the sit to stand velocity are the distance of FRT and ENV.Area. Right-side hemiplegic patients stood faster than left-side hemiplegic patients (P<0.05). Conclusion ENV.Area and distance of FRT are the main factors associated with sit to stand velocity. Right-side hemiplegia stand significantly faster than left-side hemiplegia.

Through analyzing the present situation of applying software in the daily operation in hospitals, to build a set of management process for applying software to manage intangible assets, discuss the accounting methods. The purpose is to standardize the application software to manage intangible assets, in order to reflect the status of the hospital intangible assets better.

Statin therapy has become a standard method for the prevention of ischemic stroke,and is becoming a treatment option for acute ischemic stroke.The pleiotropic effects of statins which are independent of cholesterol are the main basis of using them in the treatment of ischemic stroke.It is regarded that these pleiotropic effects may have neuroprotective effects,thus improving the neurological functional outcome of patients.At the same time,studies have shown that the therapeutic effect of statins has dose-dependent manner; therefore,we advocate using high-dose statin therapy.However,about whether high-dose statins should be used in patients with ischemic stroke of the different mechanisms remain controversial.

With the continuous improvement of drag for stroke prevention, ipsilateral stroke risk in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis has been equal to or lower than that in the revascularization group in randomized controlled trials. Under this condition, is the asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis an indication for revascularization? This article introduces the views of different researchers.

Neuroimaging studies show that transient ischemic attacks of middle cerebral artery occlusion are not uncommon.Whether these patients should be treated with tissue plasminogen activator remains to be controversial.This article introduces the different views around this debate.

There are many controversies for how to treat the occurrence of ischemic stroke on the basis of infective endocarditis would be more reasonable,especially there is no consensus on whether to treat with anticoagulants.The article discusses about this.