The modest pressure promotes the graduate to keep continuous energy and focus on scientific research,but too much pressure will lead to mental problem and serious moral shortcoming.Reformation of scientific evaluating and promoting system,enhancement of scientific interest and reconstruction of mental training system should be the important ways to release the pressure of scientific research of the graduate.

In recent years, damage control is well established as a potentially life-saving procedure in a few selected critically injured patients. The "damage control" concept also has been shown to increase overall survival and is likely to modify the management of critically ill patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. In these patients the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy acts as a vicious cycle that often can not be interrupted and marks the limit of the patient's ability to cope with the physiological consequences of traditional and extensive surgical procedures. The principles of damage control are to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection until the physiologic derangement has been restored and the patient could undergo a prolonged operation for definitive repair. This approach is unfolded in three phases. During the initial operation, the surgeon carries out only the absolute minimum necessary to improve patient's condition and to control bleeding, obstruction, and/or infection. The second phase consists of secondary resuscitation in the intensive care unit, characterized by maximization of hemodynamics, correction of coagulopathy, rewarming, and complete ventilatory support. During the third phase, definitive operation is performed.
Acidosis ; therapy ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; therapy ; Critical Care ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; therapy ; Perioperative Care

Matrix matalloprotenases-12(MMP-12) is a member of the matrix matalloprotenases family,and it is a main mediator to degradate the extracellular matrix. MMP-12 is composed of an propeptide domain, a catalytic domain and hemopexin-like domain. The function of MMP-12 include the genetic transcription and inhibitor regulation. Overexpress of MMP-12 causes pathological extracellular matrix protein breakdown and excessive airway remodeling,and MMP-12 is impotant in the pathogenesis of the acute and chronic lung injury,which has been implicated in a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma and emphysema.

Recent researches have revealed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 bio-axis is pivotal in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. CXCL12/CXCR4 may promote the tumor invasion and metastasis through the mechanism of stimulating the proliferation of cancer cells, enhancing the migration of tumor cells, inducing the extra-cellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibutilide for conversion of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation.Methods31 patients with atrial fibrillation duration less than 90 days were included into amiodrone or ibutilide group.16 patients were intravenously administer with amiodrone and 15 patients with ibutilide separately.Conversion rate,time needed to converse and adverse effects were compared between two groups.ResultsThe total conversion rate of ibutilide group was significantly higher than that of amiodrone group (66.7％ vs 37.5％,x2 =1.98,P ＜ 0.05 ).Time needed to converse was significantly shortened in ibutilide group compared with amiodrone group [ ( 31.75 ± 7.39 ) min vs ( 51.87 ± 9.26 ) min,t =3.67,P ＜ 0.05 ].No clinical significant adverse effects were observed in ibutilide group.ConclusionIntravenous administration of ibutilide in cardioversion of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation was more safe and effective than amiodrone.

HbA1C has been used clinically since 1980s as the index of glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus.Several significant clinical trials demonstrated that the intensive blood glucose control reduced the chronic complications in diabetes.In recent years,HbA1C has been recommended as one of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus.However,the standardization of HbA1C measurement still remains to be an important and arduous task in China.

0.05.In Group B,the inducing rate was 81.8 %(9/11) before intervention,while post intervention the rate was 9.1 %(1/11),the difference of inducing rate pro and post intervention was statistically significant at P0.05 before intervention,the difference was significant at P

Lung cancer-related papers published by authors of China were retrieved from PubMed and the high frequency subject headings and subheadings were extracted from them using the Bicomb system.The status quo and hot spots of lung cancer-related studies in China were analyzed .

Hypoxia- inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1) promotes tumor deterioration, invasion and metasta-sis. Treatment targeting the HIF-1 signal pathway is becoming a hot research. In addition to uniquely selective inhibition of topoisomerase Ⅰ(Topo Ⅰ) ,the recent studies show that camptothecin compounds can regulate the activity of HIF-1 through decreasing HIF-1 protein translation and have been classified as a non-selective chemical inhibitor of HIF-1.

Liraglutide is a long-acting human GLP-1 analogue,which provides pharmacological level of GLP-1 and combines with GLP-1 receptor widely distributing in the body.Liraglutide demonstrates multiple antidiabetic and other effects,including glucose-dependent glucose-lowering action,pancreatic islet cells protection,gastric emptying inhibition,appetite reduction/feelings of satiety and fullness increasing,weight loss,cardioprotection and blood pressure lowering action.Meanwhile,clinical practice also shows that some gastrointestinal adverse events occur accompanying with good glucose control and weight loss.This review will explain the potential mechanisms of GLP-1 and gastrointestinal reaction,clinical evidence of liraglutide and effective management rules,aim to help readers better understand this issue,as well as to advise clinicians of proper use of liraglutide while reducing or avoiding those adverse events.