Background: Term prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) increases the risk of maternal and neonatal infections. Objective: To compare rates of positive bacterial growth in placental swab cultures done among women who received ampicillin prophylaxis at different timings after term PROM. Design: Matched cohort study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Southern Philippines Medical Center in Davao City, Philippines. Participants: 120 pregnant women aged ≥18 years old, at ≥37 weeks age of gestation, with PROM: 40 women received ampicillin within 6 hours (6H group), 40 within >6 to 12 hours (12H group), and 40 within >12 to 18 hours (18H group) of onset of PROM. Main outcome measures Rates of positive bacterial growth in postpartum placental swab cultures; most common bacterial isolates; and signs of intraamniotic infection (IAI).
Ampicillin ; Specimen Handling

Background/Objective: Haemophilus influenzae type b remains to be a significant etiology of invasive infections specially in children two months to five years old without Hib vaccination. This study was performed to compare the cure rates of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin-chloramphenicol combination and third generation cephalosporins as initial antibiotic treatments for documented invasive Hib infections. This study may assist in formulating recommendations on empiric antimicrobial therapy. Methods: Charts of patients with invasive Hib disease confirmed either by blood culture, CSF culture and/or latex agglutination test from January 1991 to August 2010 were reviewed. Cases were classified into four groups depending on the initial antibiotic given upon admission. The four groups were compared and analyzed in terms of cure rates. Results The disease occurred predominantly in children less than two years old. Males were more frequently affected than females. All subjects were not given Hib vaccination. Cure rates were significantly different between ampicillin (33%) and chloramphenicol (89%) groups (p=0.017), and between chloramphenicol (89%) and ampicillin-chloramphenicol (39%) groups (p=0.008). However, cure rates were not significantly different when third generation cephalosporin group (62%) was compared to the other treatment groups (p>0.05). Resistance of Hib was 31% to ampicillin, while <10% to chloramphenicol and third generation cephalosporins. Conclusion: Chloramphenicol is an excellent drug for empiric therapy in highly suspected or proven cases of invasive Hib disease.
Ampicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Third Generation Cephalosporins ; Haemophilus influenzae

riie snbjects werc 269 patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, who visited the Veiereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Fieoul from August to Decernber 1984. ()ni hundred and four of 108 patients treated with 1.anamycin, 2 gm, IM plus anipi illin,3.5 gm, p0 plus probenecid, 1 gm, PO regirrien recovered with 65(62. 5 post-gonococcal urethritis(PGlJ) and 4(3.7%) failed, One hundred and seven of III patients treated with kanamycin, 2 gm, IM plus talarnpicillin, 2 gm, PO plus probenecid, 1 gm, po regimen recovered with 71 (66. 4% ) post-goriococcal urethritis and 4(3. 6%) failed. It is suggeste,d that both these antibiotic comlbination regimens have similarly good effect in the treatment. of gonococcal urethritis.
Ampicillin* ; Humans ; Kanamycin* ; Probenecid* ; Public Health ; Talampicillin* ; Urethritis

Antibiotics related colitis is a well recognized disease entity which in its severest form may result in pseudomembranous colitis, whereas in another form, acute hemorrhagic colitis without pseudomembrane, related to the use of penicillin-type antibiotics is rarely reported. The clinical features of hemorrhagic colitis associated with antibiotics was characterized that the bloody diarrhea, often with abdominal cramping pain begins 2~7 days after starting the antibiotics and rapidly recovered after its withdrawal. Pathogenesis of this disease is not entirely clear. It has been believed that right-sided hemorrhagic colitis is one of the main forms of colitis associated with antibiotics, especially ampicillin derivatives or cephalosporin, but recent reports presented left-sided colitis. We experienced 2 cases of hemorrhagic colitis developed on the left colon after the introduction of quinolone.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Colic ; Colitis* ; Colon ; Diarrhea ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous

The "baboon sydrome" is the term used to denote a characteristic distribution pattern of systemic allergic contact dermatitis. Such skin manifestation is described as mercury exanthem in Japan. Until now, mercury, ampicillin, nickel is reported to produce this condition. We report herein 3 cases of the baboon syndrome. Among 3 cases, 2 cases were associated with mercury, but in the other we could not demonstrate the allergen.
Ampicillin ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Exanthema ; Japan ; Nickel ; Papio* ; Skin Manifestations

Plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated from blood culture of a 53-year-old man with fever, who had treatment history of gastrointestinal malignancy. The patient showed neither clinical features nor hematological finding which suggest bacteremia. Identification of the isolate was delayed because of its similar characteristics with Aeromonas spp. and other gram-negative bacilli. The isolate was misinterpreted as susceptible to ampicillin by the first disk diffusion test. It may not always easy to identify P. shigelloides by conventional tests and to determine its antimicrobial susceptibility accurately, as laboratorians rarely have experience with the organism and as the organism may show unusual inhibition pattern when tested by disk diffusion method or Etest.
Aeromonas ; Ampicillin ; Bacteremia* ; Diffusion ; Fever ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Plesiomonas*

Plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated from blood culture of a 53-year-old man with fever, who had treatment history of gastrointestinal malignancy. The patient showed neither clinical features nor hematological finding which suggest bacteremia. Identification of the isolate was delayed because of its similar characteristics with Aeromonas spp. and other gram-negative bacilli. The isolate was misinterpreted as susceptible to ampicillin by the first disk diffusion test. It may not always easy to identify P. shigelloides by conventional tests and to determine its antimicrobial susceptibility accurately, as laboratorians rarely have experience with the organism and as the organism may show unusual inhibition pattern when tested by disk diffusion method or Etest.
Aeromonas ; Ampicillin ; Bacteremia* ; Diffusion ; Fever ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Plesiomonas*

Forty-seven ampicillin-resistant R plasmids derived from 218 Shigella sonnei isolates from Daegu and Gwangju areas from 1980 to 2000 were epidemiologically compared by fragments of restriction endonuclease patterns by EcoRI and SmaI, and by Southern hybridization with a blaTEM-1 probe. All the ampicillin-resistant strains isolated in the 1980S carried a conjugative R plasmid responsible for multiple resistance other than ampicillin, and an ampicillin-resistance plasmid. Ampicillin-resistant strains isolated in the 1990S harbored single conjugative R plasmid encoding ampicillin resistance along with variable antimicrobial resistances. The restriction endonuclease digestion patterns and Southern hybridiztion analysis of conjugative R plasmids showing identical resistance pattern and a same size showed different fragment and Western blotting patterns according to different isolation years and areas, while identical patterns were observed among the plasmids derived from a same isolation year and area. These findings suggest that ampicillin resistance among S. sonnei isolates was due to introduction of ampicillin-resistant R plasmids originated from different sources.
Ampicillin Resistance* ; Ampicillin* ; Blotting, Western ; Daegu ; Digestion ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Gwangju ; Plasmids ; R Factors ; Shigella sonnei* ; Shigella*

PURPOSE: Group B streptococcal (GBS) meningitis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. There are limited current data regarding outcomes from GBS meningitis and factors that predict an adverse outcome. METHODS: Twenty-three cases of GBS meningitis that were proven by cerebrospinal fluid culture from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All GBS meningitis cases occurred in young infants less than 3 months and were late-onset (> or =7 days). Four infants (17.4%) died, and three (13.0%) were neurologically impaired at hospital discharge. Compared to the 16 infants with normal neurologic examinations, the 7 infants who died or had adverse outcomes at hospital discharge were more likely to present with seizures within hours of admission, have coma, require pressor support or ventilator support, have an initial peripheral blood leukocyte count less than 4,000/mm3 or neutrophil count less than 1,000/mm3, and have ampicillin resistance on culture. CONCLUSION: Despite advances in intensive care, 30.4% of infants with GBS meningitis die or have neurologic impairment at hospital discharge. Poor outcome can be predicted in cases that have seizures, coma, peripheral leukopenia, or require ventilator or pressor support on initial presentation. These cases show a tendency toward resistance to ampicillin, so vancomycin can be tried initially.
Ampicillin ; Ampicillin Resistance ; Coma ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Critical Care ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukopenia ; Meningitis ; Neurologic Examination ; Neutrophils ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Vancomycin ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: Enterococcus faecium, especially vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREfm), is a major concern for patients with hematologic diseases. Exposure to antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, which is used as a routine prophylaxis for patients with hematologic (MH) diseases, has been reported to be a risk factor for infection with vancomycin-resistant eneterocci. We compared the characteristics of E. faecium isolates according to their vancomycin susceptibility and patient group (MH vs non-MH patients). METHODS: A total of 120 E. faecium bacteremic isolates (84 from MH and 36 from non-MH patients) were collected consecutively, and their characteristics (susceptibility, multilocus sequence type [MLST], Tn1546 type, and the presence of virulence genes and plasmids) were determined. RESULTS: Among the vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEfm) isolates, resistance to ampicillin (97.6% vs 61.1%) and high-level gentamicin (71.4% vs 38.9%) was significantly higher in isolates from MH patients than in those from non-MH patients. Notably, hyl, esp, and pEF1071 were present only in isolates with ampicillin resistance. Among the VREfm isolates, ST230 (33.3%) and ST17 (26.2%) were predominant in MH patients, while ST17 (61.1%) was predominant in non-MH patients. Plasmid pLG1 was more prevalent in E. faecium isolates from MH patients than in those from non-MH patients, regardless of vancomycin resistance. Transposon analysis revealed five types across all VREfm isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of E. faecium isolates differed according to the underlying diseases of patients within the same hospital. We hypothesize that the prophylactic use of fluoroquinolone might have an effect on these differences.
Ampicillin ; Ampicillin Resistance ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Enterococcus faecium* ; Enterococcus* ; Gentamicins ; Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Plasmids ; Risk Factors ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance ; Virulence