Background: According to the theory of traditional medicine, there are 19 active veins that pierce down from the brain stem like a root, through which the lhung runs and performs the movement of the body. It is believed that the water veins or white veins exist in all four limbs and solid organs and play an important role in regulating the body's activities by lhung action, while in traditional medicine, the nervous system regulates the activities of all organ systems and ensures the unity of the body's activities and adapts to the external environment. It is considered as a system that creates conditions for the body to interact as a whole, and moxibustion is a treatment that provides beneficial therapeutic changes to the diseased organ through the arc of reflection. Purpose Purpose : Establishing importance of moxibustion treatment and coherence of moxibustion points and peripheral nerve fibers. Survey Methodology: Data collection method: 31 pairs of neurological terms from European and traditional medical books and texts, judge which organs to go to for innervation and the degree of branching of white veins and summarize the translated material Comparative method: To develop results by comparing the data collected from the literature and sources of traditional medicine and European medicine which are the main materials of this research Research results: The 13 inner and 6 outer veins from the white vein were filtered from traditional medical commentaries and compared with the peripheral nerve branches of the spinal cord medicine. Compared with nerve, nerve branches from the anterior horn of the spinal cord, including the shoulder, lumbar were compared with 6 fibers running outside, and from the nerve branches from the shoulder where N. medialis, N. radialis, and N. ulnaris nerves were located and branched. According to the comparison of jajid, and Radna veins, the N. femoralis nerve coming from the lumbar with internal branches of the Vugujin vein, and the N. sciaticus or sciatic nerve coming from the lumbar were compared depending on the location of the outer branches of the Vugujin nerve and the end of the branching.
Studied how the nerves branching out from the main 20 junctions located in the posterior confluence of moxibustion therapy, and in doing so, compared the spinal nerve and vegetative nerve branches that exit from the confluence separately and assigned their locations. It is considered the feature of forming a network and separating from it to go to the innervation organ. Conclusion The white veins have 13 inner veins, outer veins 6, and the inner veins are 4 lhung veins, 2 heart, 2 in the small intestine, the 4 tripa (tiba) veins are in the lungs, colon, liver, and gallbladder, and the 4 badkan veins are in the stomach, spleen, kidney, bladder veins connects with vesicle of regeneration. It is mentioned in the majority of texts that it will connect with also vesicle of regeneration, but there are differences in two sources saying that 2 veins of lhung 2 in large intestine, 1 vein of badkan connects with lungs, and the 13 branches of white veins correspond to the organs innervating the vagus nerve in the medical theory. The branch of the nerve that connects with the back points of moxibustion is connected with the branch of the nerve from the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the ganglion of the sympathetic nerve from the external horn and its branches. It is considered more important to consider the branching of nodes.

Aflatoxins are the secondary metabolites of the fungi namely, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. They can colonize and contaminate grain before harvest or during storage. There are about twenty related secondary forms of aflatoxins, and subtypes B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂. These aflatoxins frequently contaminate the foods and feeds (Yu J et al, 2000, Imanaka BT et al, 2007). Aflatoxin B1, the most toxic, is a potent hepatocarcinogenic and genotoxigenic metabolites that have been classified as group I carcinogens by International Agency of Research on Cancer (International Agency for Research on cancer, 1993). Aflatoxin M1 is found in milk of lactating cows that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B₁. Aflatoxin M₁ was originally classified as a Group 2B human carcinogen in 1993, but subsequent evidences of its cytotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects led to a new categorization of aflaoxin M1 as Group I (International Agency for Research on cancer, 2002). Aflatoxins can affect a wide range of commodities, including crops, cereals, oilseeds, spices, tree nuts, milk, meat, and dried fruit (Wilson DM et al, 1994, Bao L et al, 2010). Mongolia has been imported foods about 60 percent of food demands including wheat, flour, rice, milk, dairy products, peanuts and maize. This situation is required to study aflatoxin contamination in food in Mongolia. Epidemiological studies have found that dietary exposure to aflatoxin and chronic infection with hepatitis B, C virus are three major risk factors for HCC (Viviani et al. 1997; Hall et al. 2003). HCC as a result of chronic aflatoxin exposure has been well documented, presenting most often in persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (Wild and Gong, 2010). The risk of liver cancer in individuals exposed to chronic HBV infection and aflatoxin is up to 30 times greater than the risk in individuals exposed to aflatoxin (Groopman et al., 2008). According to the WHO, the national liver cancer incidence rates was 54.1 per 100.000 population, the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in 11.8%, 15.6% were respectively (J.Abarsanaa, 2012). This situation is a serous public health problem in Mongolia. Thus, we aimed to carry out the monitoring surveillance survey on the aflatoxin contamination level in some food.

Background: Nucleic acid sequencing is a multi-step process taken place in medical research or diagnostic laboratories. Since the emerge of second generation sequencing technology generally referred as next generation sequencing (NGS), the mass parallel reads covering human genome or transcriptome is achieved by cost cut down over thousand folds. Though the technology made tremendous push forward to various applications, its data analysis time and effort still takes worrisome time and human effort, bringing the emerge of next-step demand: targeted mass sequencing of only desired part from human genome or transcriptome with lower material cost and labor. By targeted sequencing, both run cost and data analysis process can be further cut down, and the read results are more reliable on changes such as determining varied number of repeats, heterozygote alleles, deletions, chromosomal scale abnormality and more. Objective: In this study, we explored the utilization of biotinylated RNA baits on captured sequencing of cancer marker genes functional regions. Method: Targeted NGS was achieved by capturing desired genomic regions using preparatory nucleic acid probes. RNA bait capturing of desired genomic regions has shown to have high specificity and quality.
The study was carried out with informed consent obtained from patients, with the approval №53 in 2018.03.15 by Medical Ethics committee, Ministry of Health, Mongolia. Result: By preparing library of biotinylated RNA baits with 75000 unique sequences, we achieved mass parallel sequencing of human 410 cancer-marker-genes’ exons and UTRs with average read depth ~760, and covered thousands of SNPs on 5 genomic DNA samples. Tissue samples derived from breast cancer and ovary cancer had SNP and deletion on 7 marker genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, BRIP1, PTEN, TP53, RAD51C) not registered in database. Conclusion Experiments showed RNA baits with up to 117 nucleotide length, produced from ssDNA oligonucleotide stock, can be utilized to capture desired regions of human genome, and bring the cost of captured mass sequencing to 1500 USD, with 93.14-93.33% of Q30 read quality.

Background: Reconstruction of mandibular and maxillary defects resulting from malignant tumors has remained a complex challenge in recent years. Defects caused by tumors—as well as trauma, inflammatory diseases, and congenital anomalies—lead to impaired essential functions such as mastication, swallowing, and speech. Prior to the 1950s, reconstruction of maxillofacial hard tissue was not commonly performed. Instead, metal plates were used to reestablish bony continuity, and surrounding tissues were utilized to close soft tissue defects, without effectively restoring function. With modern advances in three-dimensional (3D) virtual planning, it is now possible to accurately plan free bone flaps for reconstructing jaw defects. During surgery, manually bending reconstruction plates to fit donor bone precisely is often not feasible. Preoperative 3D planning allows for precise fabrication of surgical guides and fixation plates, improving accuracy and significantly reducing operative time. Additionally, incorporating dental implant planning into the reconstruction process facilitates restoration of both structural and functional outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of mandibular defect reconstruction using scapular free flaps in Mongolia and explore potential approaches to optimize the technique. Materials and Methods: This was a case study series. Data from reconstructive surgeries performed at the National Cancer Center of Mongolia, Central Dental Hospital, and the Mongolia-Japan Hospital were collected. Variables included patient age and sex, etiology of the mandibular defect, size of the scapular bone segment, operative time, ischemia time of the free flap, number of vascular anastomoses performed, and pedicle length. For 3D planning, CT scans of the patient's head and lower limb (slice thickness <1 cm) were used to generate 3D models via the 3D Slicer software. Cutting guides for the mandible and scapula (ASIGA), as well as the reconstruction models (AMS), were printed using a 3D printer. Results: A total of 400 free flap reconstructions were performed during the study period. Of these, 29 cases involved reconstruction of mandibular defects using scapular free flaps. The mean age of patients was 40.0 ± 18.3 years, with 52% (15 patients) being female. The etiologies of the defects included malignant tumors (13 cases, 45%), benign tumors (6 cases, 21%), and pre-existing defects (10 cases, 34%). In one case, tumor resection and mandibular reconstruction were performed using 3D planning. The total operative time was 9 hours and 30 minutes, and the ischemia time was 2 hours and 40 minutes. Conclusion Between 2012 and 2025, a total of 29 mandibular reconstructions using scapular free flaps were performed in Mongolia. Traditional reconstruction methods were associated with prolonged ischemia time. The use of 3D surgical planning has shown potential in significantly reducing ischemia time and improving surgical outcomes.