Background: Studies from other countries have identified multiple contributing factors to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between RCC and certain risk factors among the Mongolian pop ulation. Aim: To identify the risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in Mongolian individuals. Material and Methods: This case-control study included 88 patients diagnosed with RCC (confirmed by pathological examination) in the case group. The control group consisted of 88 healthy individuals matched by age and gender. A case-control study design was used. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted on the questionnaire results from both groups to identify risk factors for RCC through both univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: A total of 176 participants were included in the study-88 with RCC and 88 without cancer. Statistically signif icant associations with RCC were found for hypertension, urinary tract diseases, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Although weight gain appeared to increase the risk for RCC, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion Individuals with hypertension, a history of urinary tract diseases, smokers, and alcohol users are at a higher risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.