Objective To analysis the related factors and the morbidity of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisse-ria gonorrhea(NG),Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU)in Beijing Union Medical College Hospital.Methods Simultaneous Am-plification and Testing (SAT)was used to detect CT-RNA,NG-RNA,UU-RNA of patients from January of 2013 to Decem-ber of 2014.Results There were 6 262 cases in all and 2 412 cases in 2013,and 3 850 cases in 2014.The positive rate of CT-RNA,NG-RNA and UU-RNA were 7.29%,3.44% and 38.21% in 2013.The positive rate of CT-RNA,NG-RNA and UU-RNA were 8.17%,4.15% and 45.71% in 2014 respectively,which were higher than those of in 2013.There was a signifi-cant difference in UU-RNA positive rate between the two years (χ2 =12.66,P <0.01).The positive rate of CT-RNA,NG-RNA and UU-RNA were 8.15%,3.89% and 42.77% respectively in two years.The positive rate of UU-RNA in women’s (61.05%)was significantly higher than the men’s (24.50%)(χ2 =316.13,P <0.01).Most of the people with CT-RNA, NG-RNA and UU-RNA-positive were between 21 to 30 years old.The highest detection positive rate was in cervical swabs samples of UU-RNA.Conclusion There was a significantly increasing trend of the infection with UU.Male were more sus-ceptible to CT and NG.However,female were more susceptible to UU.There was the highest infection rate in youth (21~30 years)with CT,NG and UU.

The validity of the recently recommended HbA1C criterion by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in identification of dysglycemia in children with obesity was evaluated. 293 obese children underwent oral glucose tolerance test. Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analysis was used to examine the sensitivity and specificity of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1C in identifying dysglycemia. The results showed that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 3.8％ and prediabetes 16. 0％ based on plasma glucose standard. 4. 1％ and 25.6％ were categorized as T2DM and “at high risk of diabetes mellitus” based on both HbA1C and plasma glucose criteria. HbA1C was more efficacious than FPG in detecting abnormal glucose tolerance as shown by the areas under the curve in ROC of 0. 875 and 0. 713 respectively (P＜0. 01 ). The sensitivity and specificity were 60. 5％ and 86. 8％ at HbA1C ≥5.7％, and 30. 5％ and 94.0％ at FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L.

OBJECTIVETo detect and analyze the characteristic miRNAs profile of anal fistula and explore their possible target genes and potential clinical significance.

METHODSThe anal mucosa close to the hemorrhoids were collected from three patients undergoing fistulectomy and hemorrhoidectomy (fistula group) as well as three patients receiving only hemorroidectomy(hemorrhoids group), matching with fistula group in age, gender and body weight. miRNA microarray was used to compare the expression of 1 285 human miRNAs of the anal mucosa between two groups. Cluster analysis was adopted to analyze the accumulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs(P<0.05, fold≥2.0 or ≤0.5) and their target genes were predicted with 10 softwares such as DIANAmT, miRanda, miRDB, miRWalk etc. Comprehensive scoring was performed to identify genes with highest predictive score. Gene ontology (GO) concentration technique was used to analyze the target gene-associated biological process. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine protein expression of genes with the highest score.

RESULTSAmong 1285 miRNAs in fistula group, 13 miRNAs were differentially expressed with those in hemorrhoid group, including 2 of up-regulation and 11 of down-regulation. Paired t test showed that in fistula group, miRNA-3609 up-regulation was 5.98 folds(P=0.0231) and miR-181a-2-3p down-regulation was 0.13 folds(P=0.0067) compared to those in hemorrhoid group, which had the greatest differential expression. Cluster analysis suggested that up-regulated miR-3609 and miR-6086 had similar change trend in both groups. Among 11 down-regulated miRNAs, miR-125bp-1-3p and miR-548q had similar expression and other 9 miRNAs had similar expression as well, including miR-1185-1-3p, miR-532-3p, miR-1233-5p, miR-769-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-99b-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-138-5p, and miR-181a-2-3p. Target gene prediction analysis of above 13 genes showed that 7 miRNAs(53.8%) were eligible to predict their potential target genes, yielding totally 104 possible target genes. The rest of 6 miRNAs(46.2%) failed to predict any target gene. The highest score in prediction of target gene was chitinase 1(ChIT1) and its corresponding differential miRNA was miR-769-5p(r=-0.94286, P=0.0167). Gene ontology analysis showed that the most associated biological process related with these 104 target genes was keratinization, immune response and signal transduction. Immunohistochemistry revealed ChiT1 expression of anal mucosa in fistula group was significantly higher compared to hemorrhoid group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a characteristic miRNAs profile in anal fistula patients, which may play a role in the occurrence and development of anal fistula.

DHA (22:6n-3) is a Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbon atoms and 6 double bonds, which has important biological functions in human body. Human and other mammals synthesize only limited amounts of DHA, more requirements must be satisfied from food resources. However, the natural resources of DHA (Mainly deep-sea fish and other marine products) are prone to depletion. New resources development is still insufficient to satisfy the growing market demand. Previous studies have revealed that the mammals can increase the synthesis of DHA and other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids after transgenic procedures. In this study, mammalian cells were transfected with Δ6, Δ5 desaturase, Δ6, Δ5 elongase, Δ15 desaturase (Isolated from nematode Caenorhabditis elegans) and Δ4 desaturase (Isolated from Euglena gracilis), simultaneously. Results show that the expression or overexpression of these 6 enzymes is capable of conversion of the o-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) in DHA (22:6n-3). DHA content has increased from 16.74% in the control group to 25.3% in the experimental group. The strategy and related technology in our research provided important data for future production the valuable DHA (22:6n-3) by using genetically modified animals.
Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; enzymology ; Cells, Cultured ; Docosahexaenoic Acids ; chemistry ; Euglena gracilis ; enzymology ; Fatty Acid Desaturases ; biosynthesis ; Linoleic Acid ; chemistry ; Mammals ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the genotype distribution of thalassemia intermedia , major and compound thalassemia in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2012 to 2015. Methods Retrospectively 1 084 suspected thalassemia cases were analyzed in recent four years .Three common deletions of αglobin chain were detected by GAP-PCR.Three common point mutations of αglobin chain and seventeen common mutations of βglobin chain were identified by PCR reverse dot blot hybridization . Hemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out by Capillary Electrophoresis System .RBC associated parameters and morphology were analyzed by hematology analyzer and blood smear .Results 702 cases were confirmed to be thalassemia, and the positive rate was 64.76% (702 /1084).19 types of gene defects were detected. There were 4 types of gene defects in 23 case with α-thalassemia intermeida, including -α3.7 /--SEA , -α4.2 /--SEA , αCSα/--SEA and αQSα/--SEA , -α3.7 /--SEA to be the most common genotype (18 cases) .3 cases with β-thalassemia intermeida were confirmed and the genotypes were βCD 17(A→T) /β-29(A→G) , β-28(A→G) /β-28(A→G) andβIVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T) /βCD17(A→T) , respectively.There were also 1 βCD 41 -42(-TTCT) /βCD17(A→T) thalassemia major case. The genotypes of 2 HbE/β-thalassemia cases were βCD41 -42(-TTCT) /βE and βCD17(A→T) /βE.5 αβ-thalassemia including 2 βCD 41 -42(-TTCT) /βA compounded with αα/-α3.7 , 1βIVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T) /βA compounded with --SEA /αCSα, 1βCD17(A→T) /βA compounded with -α4.2 /ααand 1βCD 41 -42(-TTCT) /βA compounded with αCS α/αα.Rare and untypical haematological results were found , such as normal level HbA 2 and undetectable HbH, in compound heterozygosity with --SEA /αCS α and βIVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T) /βA. Conclusions The genotypes of thalassemia intermedia, major and compound thalassemia in Peking Union Medical College were highly variable .

Objective: To understand the iodine content of drinking water in Ningxia, and provide a basis for promoting scientific iodine supplementation. Methods: In 2017, 22 counties (cities, districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were surveyed by township (town, street office) as the unit. Water samples were collected and iodine content was detected according to the unified centralized water supply, mixed water supply and all the scattered water supply methods. Among them, the investigation at township (town and street office) level found that the median of iodine in water was > 10 μg/L, and then the water samples were collected in administrative villages (neighborhood committees) and the content of iodine in water was detected. Results: A total of 242 townships (town, street office) were surveyed at the township level water iodine, and a total of 1 048 water samples were collected, the median water iodine was 6.6 μg/L, the range was 0.0-97.8 μg/L. There were 75 townships with a median water iodine > 10 μg/L, and an administrative village level water iodine survey was conducted. A total of 1 169 water samples were collected, the median water iodine was 14.5 μg/L, and the range was 0.0-97.4 μg/L. The median water iodine at the township level, unified centralized water supply, mixed water supply, and all the scattered water supply was 6.9, 6.8, and 4.5 μg/L, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 7.08, P < 0.05). The median water iodine at the administrative village level, unified centralized water supply, mixed water supply, and all the scattered water supply was 15.8, 8.4, and 11.6 μg/L, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ² = 35.23, P < 0.05). Conclusion The iodine content of drinking water in Ningxia residents is low, which is consistent with the fact that Ningxia is in the iodine deficient area.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway which is often misdiagnosed and undertreated. Early diagnosis and vigilant asthma control are crucial to preventing permanent airway damage, improving quality of life and reducing healthcare burdens. The key approaches to asthma management should include patient empowerment through health education and selfmanagement and, an effective patient-healthcare provider partnership.

The present study was performed to observe histopathological effects of Oculotrema hippopotami Stunkard, 1924 infection in the eye of Hippopotamus amphibius, as well as to reveal new details of morphology and structural features of this monogenean and its comparison between 2 age stages of the parasite. This was done using both light and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and histopathology. The presence of a mixture of different generations (adult and sub-adult) in one host individual is common for Oculotrema Stunkard, 1924 in contrast to Polystoma Zeder, 1800. New metrical and graphical information obtained for adults and sub-adults compared with the previous studies. Here we show the presence of genital papillae in adults, metrical data on the distal part of the vas deferens. SEM micrographs of sperm ejaculatory structures and information about the flattened dorsal side of the body provided for the first time. Histopathological changes, such as necrosis and hemorrhage in host tissues as a result of O. hippopotami attachment structures are described. Structural analysis of different body parts of O. hippopotami of both age groups are also included. We show qualitative differences in the presence of hardening ions (S, P, Ca) in attachment structures (oral and haptor suckers) that increase with the age of the worm. The presence of sub-adults and adults on the same host, together with high levels of infection without high pathogenicity may account for Oculotrema being one of the most successful parasites among the Monogenea.
Adult ; Family Characteristics ; Hemorrhage ; Human Body ; Humans ; Ions ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Necrosis ; Parasites ; Spermatozoa ; Vas Deferens ; Virulence

Objective:To analyze and compare the salt iodine content and iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia for short), and to provide basis for formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods:From 2017 to 2020, 100 pregnant women were surveyed each year in 22 counties (cities, districts) in Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Guyuan and Zhongwei of Ningxia, salt samples and urine samples were collected for salt iodine and urinary iodine detection.Results:Totally 8 807 salt samples were collected, the median salt iodine was 24.6 mg/kg. The qualified rate of iodized salt was 91.59% (7 838/8 558), the coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.17% (8 558/8 807), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 89.00% (7 838/8 807). The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt increased year by year (χ 2trend = 248.47, P < 0.001). There were statistical differences in salt iodine levels in different years and regions ( H = 259.14, 37.09, P < 0.001). Totally 8 107 urine samples were collected, the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 165.00 μg/L, which reached the appropriate level. The median and composition of urinary iodine were statistically different in different regions and pregnancies ( H = 28.87, 17.91, P < 0.001; χ 2 = 85.89, 20.59, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The coverage rate of iodized salt among pregnant women in Ningxia is high, and the urinary iodine level is generally in a suitable state. However, for pregnant women at risk of iodine deficiency, special attention should be paid and targeted iodine supplementation measures should be taken.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population ; Sexual Behavior ; Single Person ; Young Adult