1.Impact of Previous Ankle Injuries on Professional Footballers' Preseason Functional Ankle Assessment
Ahmad-Shushami AH ; A-Hamid MS ; Khair MH ; Ali MO
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2023;17(No.3):73-79
Introduction: Football is the most popular sport and is
widely played around the globe, with approximately 400
million players in 208 countries. Lower extremity injuries
showed the highest incidence, with ankle injuries being the
most prevalent after hip and knee injuries. The purpose of
this study was to describe the characteristics of the players
who reported previous ankle injuries during pre-competition
medical assessment (PCMA) during the 2022 seasons of the
Malaysian professional club. In addition, the study also
investigated the effect of previous injuries on current ankle
function.
Materials and methodsː This was a retrospective crosssectional study using secondary data from the preseason
PCMA data from a professional club that competed in
Malaysia. The ankle range of motion, anterior drawer test,
and functional ankle assessments including the Biodex
athlete single leg stability test and ankle joint muscle
strength were performed during the PCMA.
Results: A total of 45 footballers reported previous history
of ankle injuries to the left (n=9), right (n=20), or both ankles
(n=16). Footballers with prior ankle injuries exhibited
significantly less ankle inversion (p = 0.008) and a larger
proportion of positive ADT tests in the injured ankle (x² (1,
N=90) =7.76, p=0.005) compared to the non-injured side.
there was no significant difference in other ankle range of
motion, ankle stability index, or ankle muscular strength
between previously injured and uninjured ankles.
Conclusionsː During preseason screening, half of the
footballers in this study reported previous history of ankle
injury, putting them at risk of having future ankle injuries.
Aside from inversion and the anterior drawer test, no
significant differences in range of motion, stability index, or
muscle strength were discovered. However, as injury
causation is multifactorial, preventive measures should be
taken to reduce the risk of injury.
2.Suppressing fatty acid synthase by type I interferon and chemical inhibitors as a broad spectrum anti-viral strategy against SARS-CoV-2.
Saba R ALIYARI ; Amir Ali GHAFFARI ; Olivier PERNET ; Kislay PARVATIYAR ; Yao WANG ; Hoda GERAMI ; Ann-Jay TONG ; Laurent VERGNES ; Armin TAKALLOU ; Adel ZHANG ; Xiaochao WEI ; Linda D CHILIN ; Yuntao WU ; Clay F SEMENKOVICH ; Karen REUE ; Stephen T SMALE ; Benhur LEE ; Genhong CHENG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022;12(4):1624-1635
SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen and a major global public health challenge since December of 2019, with limited effective treatments throughout the pandemic. As part of the innate immune response to viral infection, type I interferons (IFN-I) trigger a signaling cascade that culminates in the activation of hundreds of genes, known as interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), that collectively foster an antiviral state. We report here the identification of a group of type I interferon suppressed genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), which are involved in lipid metabolism. Overexpression of FASN or the addition of its downstream product, palmitate, increased viral infection while knockout or knockdown of FASN reduced infection. More importantly, pharmacological inhibitors of FASN effectively blocked infections with a broad range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern. Thus, our studies not only suggest that downregulation of metabolic genes may present an antiviral strategy by type I interferon, but they also introduce the potential for FASN inhibitors to have a therapeutic application in combating emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19.