Cancer is unquestionably the greatest worldwide threat to humanity. With fewer side effects, natural anticancer medicines are the most prevalent. Anticancer benefits of dietary polyphenols could be achieved through carcinogen elimination, cancer cell signalling alteration, antioxidant enzymatic activities, and apoptosis-inducing substances, according to the likely approach to anticancer effects of dietary polyphenols research. This study aims to investigate the apoptosis induction mediated by Moringa oleifera in in vitro and other molecular targets in vivo in all types of cancer studies, as well as to describe the most recent and comprehensive research on antioxidant and anticancer characteristics. The terms "molecular target", "signalling pathway", "apoptosis", "Moringa oleifera extract", "mechanism of action", "cancer", "tumour", "carcinoma", and "melanoma" were used to search four online databases, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, for relevant articles published between 2009 and 2019.