The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of congenital colour vision defects among male secondary school students in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara city, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1154 male secondary school students were selected randomly through a multi-stage sampling method. Ishihara 24-plates was used to screen for colour blindness. The overall prevalence of congenital colour vision defects was 3.3% with 1% protanopes and 2.3% deuteranopes. The prevalence of congenital colour vision defect among Saudis was 2.48% and (5.48%) among non-Saudis. In conclusion, the prevalence of congenital colour vision defect among male secondary school students of Al-Madinah Al-Munawara city is comparable to previously reported in central Saudi Arabia, but lower than for Caucasian.
congenital ; colour vision deficiency ; Ishihara colour testing ; prevalence ; Saudi Arabia ; protanopes ; deuteranopes.

ntroduction: This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity, sedentary behaviour, television (TV) watching, small screen recreation (SSR), and perinatal life influences (breast-feeding, birth weight) among Jordanian school children. Methods: A total of 117 school children (56 obese and 61 normal weight) aged between 11 and 15 years were selected by using multistage cluster sampling method. Parents were requested to complete the first part of a questionnaire on family background,while the second part on adolescent sedentary behaviour was completed by the participants in the school. Anthropometric data were collected and presence of fat mass (%FM) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: Sedentary behaviour (hours/day) was significantly higher in obese school children compared to normal weight (4.43±0.60, 3.29±0.68, respectively; P <0.05), and positively associated with BMI (r=0.270, P<0.05). Normal weight children spent less time on watching TV (hours/day) compared to obese children (2.01±0.10, 2.34±0.16, respectively; P<0.05), and spent 2.55±1.6 (hours/day) in small screen recreation (SSR) compared to 3.89±1.0 (hours/day) of obese children. Both watching TV and SSR was significantly associated with BMI (r=0.260, r=0.201, respectively; P<0.05). Duration of exclusive breastfeeding (months) was significantly higher in normal weight than obese children (7.70±3.01, 5.05±2.01, respectively; P<0.05), and negatively associated with BMI (r=-0.254) and %FM (r =-0.330). Conclusion: Sedentary behaviour and watching TV were important risk factors for obesity among 11-15 years old Jordanian school children. A national policy promoting active living and reducing sedentary behaviour among school children is recommended.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract as an alternative treatment on the white laboratory mice against giardiasis.
Methods: Experimental animals were divided into five groups, including Group A:control (infected untreated), Group B: infected and fed with pectin 7 days before infection, Group C: infected and fed with pectin starting from 7th day of infection, Group D:infected and fed with pomegranate peel extract 7 days before infection, and Group E: infected and fed with pomegranate peel extract starting from 7th day of infection.
Results: Results from this study revealed that the prevention rate in the experimental groups reached approximately 50%by the 10th day of using pomegranate peel extract. Moreover, stool cyst counts of groups showed a significant reduction in the shedding of cysts approximately 75.6%by day 20 post-infection. ELISA test showed a reduction in Giardia antigen in the stools of the experimental groups which received pomegranate peel extract. The cure rate of these groups was approximately 97.4% by 28th day of infection.
Conclusions: Our present findings indicated that the pomegranate peel extract proved to be valuable in prevention and treatment of Giardia lamblia infection. Further studies are required to determine the effective dose of pomegranate peel extract against Giardia lamblia infection.

Anti-HBs,HBeAg,Anti-HBcIgM weremeasured in 322 cases of HBsAgnegative hepatitis.It was foundthat 120 of which were positive forthose HBV infecting markres,indi-cating that the HBV infecting ratewas very high(37.3%)in HBsAgNegative hepatitis.The authorspointed out that for the diagnosisof HBV infection all the infectingmarkers mentioned above should beroutinely detected,especially forAnti-HBcIgM.

The influences of tbe two kinds ofserum on cryopreservation of lym-phocytes was examined with respectto the functional activities of therecovered cells,and highly reco-vered and viable cells were obtainedafter cryopreservation in the mediacontaining either human AB serumor new-born calf serum,The blastTransformation of the lymphocytesfrozen withAB serum was higherthan that with new-born calf serum,while(the new-born calf serum,wasof benefit to the stability of cellmembrane Secepeors and the forma-tion of rosettes.

TTH and DNP-BSA delayed hyper-sensitivity(DH)were transfered tononimmune human recipients withGoose derived transfer factor(TF-G)prepared from blood and spleen ofGoose immunized with TTH or DNP-BSA.Only human recipients injec—ted with immune TF-G showed DHskin reactivity by skin test.TTHDH response were only transferedby TTH specific TF-G but not DNPBSA specific TF-G and the DNP-BSAdermal reactivity could only be ob-served when DNP-BSA specific TF-G were employed.The fact that TF-G was able to tranfer donor specificDTH to human recipients suggestedthat there may be no absolute speciesbarriers for DTH transfer with TF.

In this paper,immunosuppression ofNK activity induced by(1)Human se-minal Plasma(HSP)and its Fraction-1 on sephadex G-100 in vitro;(2)in-travenous injection of HSP,Fraction-1 or mice sperm and(3)uptake of HSP,Fraction-1 or,mice sperm via rectalroute were studied.It has been pro-ved by our experiment that HSP,Fraction-1 and mice sperm possesspotent immunosuppressive effect interm of NK activity inhibition.Ascompared with intravenous injection,the immunosuppression induced byrectal exposure of HSP,Fraction-1or mice sperm is much stronger

Most of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome(LUFS)happens to women with menstrual disorders and is one of the important factors in "unexplained infertility". The mechanism of LUFS is still unknown. Using classic criteria, such as basal body temperature, serum progesterone, endomtrium biopsy and crystals of cervical mucous one can not distinguish the LUFS cycles from the ovulatory ones. There were low reports in our country in this aspect. In the reproductive endocrinology and infertility outpatient department we have found 2 cases of LUFS through ultrasound and laboratory findings. In this article, the pathophysiologic mechanism of this sydrome, its diagnostic method and index are discussed, and some problems concerning fertility and sterility are proposed.

The present study referred to the incorporation of 35S-sulfate into the chicken embryo cartilage stimulated by the serum from rats fed on the grain of the endemic areas of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and children with KBD using the cpm /mg cartilage as the indicator of serum sulfation factor (SF) activity. The SF activity in serum from KBD model rats was markedly reduced (161.5+66.8 n= 22), when compared with the controls (212.2+58.9,n = 22). The serum SF activity in KBD children (300.5+90.9,n = 22) was much lower than that in healthy controls (425.0 + 142.5, n = 22). The results suggest that in the endemic grains and/or environment there exists certain factors which interfere with the normal function of serum SF, the change of serum SF activity may be the key-point in the pathogenesis of KBD.

This paper Introduced the reagentkit prepared by specific anti-HBewhich could be easily purified byaffinitive chromatography columnwith low titer anti-HBe serum.Iteither open up a new way for rowmaterials or enhance the specificityand sensitivity of e system detection