This case report illustrates two cases of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) which is a rare form of sexual development disorder. Both presented with primary amenorrhea at the age of 18 and 19 years old. The hormonal profiles ruled out hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and primary ovarian failure. Magnetic resonance imaging of both patients showed the absence of uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, but the presence of proximal 1/3rd of the vagina. There is a single testis in the left inguinal region with unknown status of spermatogenesis. Women with CAIS are vulnerable to various psychological conditions caused by the appalling fact of being genotypically male when they have been raised female all their life. The gender confusion, reproductive issues, and how others perceive them require sensitive support. Hence, accentuate the need to explore and address the emotional, psychological, and psychiatric vulnerabilities, religious and spiritual beliefs in issues of relationships, infertility, and conception.

Aims: The Indo-Pacific coral populations are under increasing threats from bleaching events and coral disease outbreaks. However, there is a significant gap in data and research on coral diseases in Malaysian waters. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of coral diseases and signs of compromised health at 27 reef sites in the coastal waters of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Methodology and results: We conducted coral surveys using the Coral Video Transect (CVT) method and measured the prevalence using Coral Point Count with Excel Extension (CPCe) software. Our findings indicated that the majority of reefs appeared healthy (82.9% ± 1.8), while a smaller percentage displayed signs of disease (5.0% ± 0.6) or compromised health (12.1% ± 1.5). Reef sites exposed to higher levels of human activities exhibited a greater prevalence of coral diseases (e.g. yellow band disease, ulcerative white spots and skeletal eroding band) and signs of compromised health (e.g. sediment necrosis, skeletal damage and algal overgrowth). A total of 51 scleractinian hard coral genera were affected, with Porites and Acropora being the most predominantly affected by sediment necrosis and skeletal damage, respectively. A review of molecular approaches identified various coral pathogens, including Vibrio spp., which could potentially contribute to the occurrence of coral disease. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Unsustainable coastal development with unregulated human activities can exacerbate the severity of coral diseases and signs of compromised health. Therefor