The purpose of this study was to examine statistical methods for assessing variance in students' learning attitudes over 2 months. The students' learning attitudes, measured by tutorial assessment sheets, were analyzed quantitatively by multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. Items on the tutorial assessment sheets were divided throughout the practice period into two axes of speculation (behavior and partnership). At the initial and medium-term stages of this practice, the dispersion of student's consciousness for given assessments was able to determine the quantity. We could then determine the quantity of recognizing the importance of topics to learn, and consciousness for learning was a feature often found at the end of this practice.

The aim of this study was to investigate quantitatively the power ability of middle and older aged men in the vertical jump.
And, we would try to point out the changes with increasing ages and the influences of the environments factor to the power ability.
Based on the environment point of view, we put an emphasis and consideration on those who did physical exercises and also those who drove a car in a daily life.
Subjects were the health 201 men who visited the sports sauna training center of national stadium for physical exercises.
The power was calcurated from the force and velocity concerning of jumper's C.G. during the take off motion. The force was measured by using a strain gage type tranceducer, and the velocity was calcurated by integrating the equation of motion about of C.G.
Result:
The power ability of middle and older aged men in the vertical jump decreased with increasing ages.
The rate of decrease with every 5 years of age was 0.248 horse power, 2.960×10^-3 horse power in the maximum power and maximum power per body weight.
In comparison with the power ability of 25 years old, the power ability, in terms of maximum power per body weight, of 35 years old, 45 years old, 55 years old were 90.8%, 81.1%, 59.0%, respectively.
There were evidently differences between trained men and untrained men, and then car driver and no car driver in the power ability. The differences of maximum power per body weight were 12.190 × 10^-3 horse power, 9.231×10^-3 horse power, respectively.

Recently, the popular usage of the sauna bath has been greatly increased but this is not necessaeily based upon scientific ground.
This investigation has been made on the most ideal usage time with special emphasis on duration of time in the actual sauna room.
The usage pattern, in view of the times of taking the sauna room and the cold water, has been established.
And then the influences on the body function were measured.
The usage pattern were as follows (Repetition were all 3 times)
(1) 5 minutes stay in the sauna and 1 minute in the water
(2) 7 minutes stay in the sauna and 1 minute in the water
(3) 7 minutes stay in the sauna and 2 minutes in the water
(4) 10 minutes stay in the sauna and 2, 5 minutes in the watar
The result were as follows
1. The usage pattern (1) gave the good result for the function of whole body reaction time, patellar-tendon reflex time, maximum power of vertical jump.
Another usage pattern (2), (3), (4) gave the wrong result for those function.
2. There were no remarkable differences blood pressure, heart rate and skin temperature among the usage pattern (1), (2), (3), (4) .
3. Oxygen intake in the usage pattern (2) gave a large value than the usage pattern (1) .
In the view of the energy expenditure, it was recognized that the usage pattern (2) was the best usage.

We investigated whether the autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation contribute to the bradycardia induced by endurance training. First, the meta-analysis approach was used to collect group mean values of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo₂max) and heart rate variability (HRV) from 14 studies involving 30 groups and 485 subjects. Subsequently, we performed a cross-sectional (n=116) and intervention (n=training group : 10 and control group : 6) studies. In both studies, ANS modulation was estimated by spectral analysis of HRV. In the meta-analysis and cross-sectional study, HR and natural logarithmic high frequency power (In HF power) were correlated with Vo₂max or peak oxygen uptake (peak Vo₂) . The significant negative correlations were found between HR and In HF power (meta-analysis and the cross-sectional study ; r² = 0.42 and 0.44, respectively) . Endurance training in the intervention study increased peak Vo₂ and resting In HF power, and decreased resting HR. These results strongly suggest that endurance training induces an increase in resting ANS modulation especially parasympathetic modulation. Furthermore, about half of the variability of resting HR can be accounted for by difference in parasympathetic modulation.

The purpose of this report is to clarify urologic problems in rural districts. The number of patients who visited our clinic for these 10 years were 7, 313 as new outpatient and 1802 as inpatient. Three main diseases of rural area were acute inflammation of lower urinary tract, benign prostatic hypertrophy and lithiasis of upper urinary tract. Infection of lower urinary tract and aggravation of malignant tumors might be influenced by rural works and bad circumstances. Monthly distribution of patients was also under the influence of rural works.

View ; Japanese language ; Acupuncture

We applied a new circulatory support system to three patients with descending aortic operation between 1989 and 1990. The new system consisted of a polyvinylchloride tube coated with hydrophilic heparinized polymer and a roller pump. Low doses of heparin (0.5mg/kg) were administered in two patients and none in one patient before aortic bypass. The aortic crossclamping time ranged between 52 and 64 minutes. In two patients, whose inflow cannulae were 18Fr. or 20Fr., successful bypass flow exceeded 2l/min and optimal distal aortic pressure were maintained during aortic cross-clamping. The postoperative courses of these patients were uneventful, free from thromboembolic episodes and subsequently discharged from hospital. Furthermore, postoperative careful examination revealed no thrombus formation occurred in the three devices. In conclusion, our new simple, antithrombogenic circulatory system is extremely useful for descending aortic operations.

We report the operative treatment of a chronic contained rupture of a saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm with a retroperitoneal hematoma. A 62-year-oldman walked into our hospital complaining of a painless abdominal mass and intermittent claudication. He had an episode of severe abdominal pain about 2 years prior to admission. A giant retroperitoneal neoplasm was suspected initially based on computed tomography (CT). However, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography and color doppler sonography demonstrated a chronic contained rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. At laparotomy, a punched out oval defect (width 3.5cm×length 4.5cm) that was thought to connect the thrombosed aneurysm to an organized retroperitoneal hematoma was discovered in the posterior wall of the bifurcation of the aorta. An infrarenal aorto-biexternal iliac Y-graft with a bypass to the left femoral artery was placed without removing the aneurysm or the hematoma. Uneventful recovery followed. About one year after the operation, the retroperitoneal hematoma appeared smaller on CT scan. This case fulfilled the criteria for a “chronic contained rupture” of an abdominal aortic aneurysm proposed by Jones and associates.