In order to study the effectiveness of Choreito in the removal of ureteral stones, 7.5g/day of Choreito was administered to 52 patients who had been diagnosed as having ureteral stones. For stones of a diameter less than 4mm, 63.2% were passed within two weeks, and 78.9% within four weeks. The rates for stones between 4 and 10mm was 10% in two weeks and 33.3% in four weeks. For the 52 cases overall, the rate of stone excretion was 28.8% within two weeks and 50% within four weeks.
There were no side effects observed in conjunction with Choreito administration.

The present studies on gallstones, made by macroscopic morphology and infrared absorption spectra, were carried out in order to clarify recent features of cholelithiasis in rural district. One hundred and sixty-one stones obtained from 152 patients who had cholelithiasis, and who were operated-on at our clinics during the past 10 years, were used for this study.
The average age of the patients was 62 years, and about half of them were over 65 years of age. The patients included 100 women and 52 men. The types and frequency of gallstones are classified as follows: cholesterol stones, 50.9%; pigment stones, 40.4%(black stones, 7.5%; bilirubin stones, 32. 9%) and rare stones, 8.7%. Considerin sexual differences, the frequency of cholesterol stones was nearly 2 times greater in women than in men; on the other hand, that of pigment stones was nearly 2 times higher in men than in women. Regarding the age groups of the patients, although the incidence of cholesterol stones was greater in the group under 64 years of age than in the 65-year-old group, the incidence of bilirubin stones was 4 or more times higher in the latter group than in the former.
From the above observations it is suspected that one of the major reasons for the low incidence of cholesterol stones in rural districts, is because of the high percentage of elderly patients with cholelithasis in these areas. The incidence of black stones was not significantly greater in rural districts.

A total of 1, 236 cases of gastric cancer operated at Hiraka general hospital during the 14 years from 1975 to 1988, were analyzed and the following results were obtained.
1. There was a distinct tendency to increase in the numbers of early-staged cancer cases and patients over 70 years of age.
Any decrease in the number of operated gastric cancers could not be obeseverd during this period.
2. The ratio of patients aged over 70 years increased to reach 26.4% recently and the ratio of early staged cancer increased to 59.3% in 1988.
3. The over all resection rate was 90.8% and curative resection was performed in 85.2% of resected cases.
4. The cumulative 10-year survival rate in curative resected cases was 74.0%.
5. The rate of the multiple cancer cases was as high as 5.0%.

A total of 417 operated cases of colorectal cancer at Hiraka General Hospital during the 15-year period from 1974 to 1988 were analyzed and the following results were obtained.
1. There was a distinct tendency to increase in the numbers of resectable cases. By region, cases of cancers in sigmoid colon and upper third of rectum (S+Rs) and right side colon (C+A) were on the rise.
2. The ratio of patients aged over 70 years increased to reach 36 % recently. But the ratio of early stage cancer cases was 7.1 % on the average.
3. The over all resection rate was 90.6 %, and curative resection was performed in 78.5 % of colon cancer cases and 82.0 % of rectal cancer cases respectively.
4. The cumulative 10-year survival rate in curative resected cases was 74.7 % for colon cancer and 70.8 % for rectal cancer.
5. The rate of multiple cancer cases was as high as 13.4 %.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of amino acid supplementation on mental and physical stress during severe exercise. 20 male college students were assigned to amino acid treated group (group AA) and placebo treated group (group P), each containing 10 subjects, and performed 1600 m-run relay for 24 hours. Each subjects of AA group received 1 g of amino acid powder, containing 34% of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), after each work bout. The score of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and category rate of pain scale (CPS) for each work bout were recorded. Scoring of profile of mood states (POMS) was performed and blood samples were drawn at pre-, mid-, and post-session. Total running distance was similar in both groups. In group AA, compared with group P, (1) total score of RPE and CPS through 25 work bouts and plasma cortisol concentration (C) at post- was significantly lower, and (2) molar ratio of plasma free testosterone concentration (FTS) to C (FTS/C) at mid- was significantly greater. In group P alone, plasma BCAA concentration, FTS, FTS/C, and POMS score about ‘tension-anxiety’, ‘anger-hostility’ and ‘vigor’ decreased significantly over time. Our data suggest that BCAA administration during severe exercise may diminish mental or physical stress, inhibit FTS/C decrease and be effective in maintaining aggressive mentality.

We experienced three cases of triple shunts (VSD+ASD+PDA) for past ten years. All three cases admittied with cardiac failure and respiratory distress early in the infant period. Ligation of PDA, suture closure of ASD and patch closure of VSD were performed in the two cases. Another case was performed ligation of PDA because of low body weight (1, 700g). Triple shunts were correctly diagnosed in only one case. Another two cases were diagnosed VSD and PDA at operative period. The patient with low body weight was lost at 38 days after operation. Post operative course were uneventfull in the two cases of total repair. Triple shunts should be repaired in the same time. But two staged operations are consider to perform in the low body weight infant and patients with major general pediatric surgical disease.

A 2-year-old boy was admitted to our service with a diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) complicated by mitral valve stenosis. On echocardiographic measurement, the mitral annulus was 11mm (69% of normal) in diameter and 1.67cm²/m² in annular area. He underwent intraventricular tunnel repair and patch reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract under cardiopulmonary bypass. No attempt was made to operate on the mitral valve. DORV with mitral stenosis is a rare cardiac anomaly, the last 20 years only 21 cases have been reported, of which only 4 were cases with hypoplastic mitral rings. Although the patient made an uneventful recovery and remains well 5 months after surgery, a close observation is required for the mitral valve stenosis.

We evaluated the efficacy of yokukansan-based prescriptions for patients with headache. Forty-five patients with headache (34 migraine, 6 tension-type, and 5 combined headaches), or 6 males and 39 females, mean age 38 (25 to 68) years were treated with yokukansan-based prescriptions according to their Sho diagnosis, for 1 to 24 months. Relationships between headache improvement, and 31 factors including age, sex, height, body weight and other symptoms at first examination, were qualified with multi-dimensional analysis. Factors such as painful eye sensation, back stiffness, eyestrain and irritability were significant indicators of headache improvement. Three of these factors (painful eye sensation, back stiffness and irritability) were the best subset of explanatory variables. Yokukansan-based prescriptions seemed to be effective for “liver-related” headache, and were thought to be useful to relieve a triggering or worsening of headache factors. And to our knowledge, this is the first paper to propose the importance of examinations of the back, when considering yokukansan-based prescriptions.
Headache ; Back ; Therapeutic procedure ; Esthesia ; Prescriptions

Two hundred and thirty adipose tissues were collected from inpatients, who had undergone an operation and an autopsy in the Saku Central Hospital from 1980 to 1982. Organochlorine pesticides were extracted from the adipose tissues and determined by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron-capture detector.
The mean value was 1, 429 ppm for total BHC among males, and 1.665 ppm among females, 4.893 ppm and 3.791 ppm for total DDT, 1.082 ppm and 0.782 ppm for PCB, respectively. Regression analysis between the total BHC residue and the ages of patients indicated a positive correlation for both sexs. As for the relation between the rate of obesity and the residues, low rates of obesity (-10%--19%) were most significantly correlated with high values of total BHC, total DDT and PCB.
We also discussed relations between cancerous diseases and the residues.