The number of dialysis patients in Japan is increasing every year. The medical expense for dialysis patients has now surpassed well over 7 per cent of all medical costs. This has become a great burden on national finance. The D3-30 project was started in April 2006 for Toride city residents. The purpose of this project was a 30% reduction of the yearly number of new dialysis patients in three years. Toride city is located in southern Ibaraki prefecture; it had a population of 112, 152 in fiscal 2006, and 19% of the residents were over 65 years of age. The treatment procedure for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at the predialysis stage comprised the following four parts: 1. control of blood pressure, 2. mild restiction of protein and sodium intake, 3. administration of antiproteinuric drugs (angiotensin receptor blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, some calcium channel blocker, etc.), and 4. multifactorial treatment.  CKD patients were recruited through introductions from hospital registered doctors and public health nurses. Some patients entered voluntarily. The number of patients that started dialysis was counted by inquiring at the dialysis center of Toride Kyodo General Hospital and eighteen neighboring dialysis centers. In 2005, before intervention, 36 patients started dialysis; subsequently, the number of patients was 30 in 2006, 33 in 2007, 22 in 2008, and 23 in 2009. The rate of decrease was 39% in 2008 and, 36% in 2009, so the aim of the project was achieved.  If this treatment becomes widespread, it will contribute greatly to the curtailment of medical expenses. However, the difficulty of the treatment may hamper its spread. For it to spread, it is necessary to add the new medical fee for guidance and management for CKD patients.

The aim of the present study is to characterize the burden of parents who care for their children with disabilities with the use of a Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (J-ZBI) that has been successfully used to quantify the caregiver burden for caring for the disabled elderly. We performed a survey in which questionnaires including the J-ZBI (adapted for the subjects of this study) were given to 135 parents of children in a school for the physically challenged. We obtained 69 valid responses. For the parents, the mean J-ZBI score was 25.6 points and the mean CES-D score was 10.8 points. A lowered QOL for these parents was suggested by the finding that the mean SF-36 score was lower than for other persons of the same year and age in Japan. The parents reported physical strain more frequently than mental stress as the main caregiver burden. According to the parent group's mean J-ZBI score, we classified them into either a heavier or a lighter burden group. The parents who were in a state of depression as judged by the CES-D were more frequently found in the heavier burden group, while those with children who showed complete or modified independence in more items of FIM were more frequent in the lighter burden group. Services to support the physical aspects of parents caring for children with disabilities would reduce their caregiver burden effectively.