Objective: Many of the elderly patients are suffering from constipation, are using the oral laxative.  However the risk assessment of the oral laxative is not performed.  Therefore, we used Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER) and examined for the safety of the oral laxative in the elderly patients.
Methods: Since the analysis target medicines; 12 oral laxatives and target ADEs; “digestive disorders” and “electrolyte abnormality,” the JADER database for April 2004 to January 2015 were analyzed in adults of age exceeds 60.  We used the reporting odds ratio for a safety index of drugs, using reporting odds ratio, when the Lower bound of the 95% two-sided confidence interval exceeds 1, it is the signal detection of ADE.
Results: The oral laxatives detected the signal of “digestive disorders” were three medicines, and “electrolyte abnormality” were five medicines.  Especially, for electrolyte abnormalities not only increases the blood magnesium values as magnesium oxide, that there is also affect other electrolyte revealed.
Conclusion: Some oral laxatives were also intended to signal detections of the adverse events that are not listed in the attached document, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of them for the elderly patients.

Objective: Elderly patients commonly experience adverse drug events (ADEs) owing to their poor drug metabolizing and excretion ability, and these often cause multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.  Therefore, it is important that we identify the adverse drug events early on during prognosis.  We searched for oral medicines that might exacerbate the prognosis of ADEs in elderly patients.
Methods: The objects under analysis were oral medicines that were registered in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER).  The associations between the elderly/non-elderly patients and exacerbation risk/non-exacerbation risk were analyzed by risk ratios (RR).  The signal detection of exacerbation risk was defined as 95% confidence interval of lower limit of risk ratio>1 and χ²≥4.
Results: The oral medicines that might markedly exacerbate the prognosis of ADEs in the elderly patients in comparison with the ADEs of young patients included 84 items, of which 63 have not been described as potentially inappropriate medicines in all guidelines for medical treatment of the elderly patients.
Conclusion: In this study, while we could not search for oral medicines having a high risk of ADEs, we were able to search for oral medicines that might exacerbate the prognosis of ADEs in elderly patients.  This result could contribute to the proper use of medicines in the elderly patients.

This paper reports the clinical findings and surgical treatment of feline right patent ductus arteriosus (RPDA) with a left aortic arch. A two-month-old female Maine Coon was referred for an investigation of regurgitation after weaning. RPDA with a left aortic arch was diagnosed based on the echocardiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings.A right-fourth intercostal thoracotomy was found to be an appropriate approach to the duct. Preoperative diagnosis is crucial and diagnostic imaging, including radiography, echocardiography, and cardiac CT examination, is essential for determining if the aortic arch is right or left.

Background/Aims: Although certain allergic diseases have been reported to be associated with the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear whether the presence of multiple allergic diseases further increases the prevalence of FD and IBS.The aim of this study is to determine this issue in young people. Methods: A cohort of 8923 Japanese university students was enrolled and diagnoses of FD and IBS were confirmed using Rome III criteria.Allergic disorders diagnosed at medical institutions were obtained by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of FD, IBS, and their overlap was found to be 1.9%, 6.5%, and 1.1%, respectively. Pollen allergy was independently positively correlated with FD, IBS, and overlap of FD and IBS. Allergic rhinitis was positively linked to IBS. Drug allergy was positively associated with FD. The presence of multiple allergic diseases was positively correlated with FD and IBS (FD: adjusted OR for 2 allergic diseases: 1.95 [95% CI, 1.24-2.98], P for trend = 0.003; and IBS: adjusted OR for 1 allergic disease: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.15-1.69], 2 allergic diseases 1.47 [95% CI, 1.12-1.91], and 3 or more allergic diseases: 2.22 [95% CI, 1.45-3.28], P for trend = 0.001). Additionally, the concomitant existence of multiple allergic diseases was also demonstrated to have a trend that correlated with the overlap of FD and IBS (P for trend = 0.018). Conclusion Allergic disease multimorbidity is positively correlated with the prevalence of FD and IBS in a young population.