Objective To investigate the effect of blood specimen collection from umbilical vein catheter on catheter usage condition and relevant complications. Methods 80 premature infants with indwelling umbilical vein catheter were divided into the blood collection group and the non-blood collec-tion group, then the hospitalization time, catheter indwelling time and rate of catheter-related complications were compared. The 40 premature infants in the blood colleetion group were subsequently divided into the experimental group in which blood was collected from umbilical vein catheter and the control group in which blood was collected from peripheral blood vessel, then the blood collection time, success rate and influence on newborns were compared. Results There was no significant difference in hospitalization time, catheter indwelling time and rate of catheter-related complications between the blood collection group and the non-blood collection group. There was statistical significance in blood collection time, success rate and adverse reaction on suffering newborns between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusions There was no obvious influence on the regular service of the catheter if only the method is correct and operating procedure is normative, also it possesses advantages such as no pain, high success rate, peripheral vascular protection, etc. So, it can be used as one of the ways to collect blood speci-men for critical newborns.

Objective:To observe the effects of alendronate (ALN) on the expression of autophagy signaling pathway related proteins LC3, Beclin-1 and P62 in the muscle tissue of mice with denervated skeletal muscle atrophy, and to explore the potential molecular biological mechanism of ALN in the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.Methods:Thirty males C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups with 10 mices in each group by random number method, including blank control group: sciatic nerve exposed without resection, model group: sciatic nerve exposed and resection, ALN group: sciatic nerve resection +ALN intervention. At the intervention stage, mices were given 1 mg/kg ALN by intragastric administration. The weight of gastrocnemius muscle was weighed by wet weight method. Atpase staining was used to distinguish muscle fiber types. HE staining was used to observe the arrangement and cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in each group, and further quantitative analysis was performed by Image J 1.48 software. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect the expressions of MHC and MuRF1 as well as LC3, Beclin-1 and P62 in gastrocnemius tissues of each group.Results:The weight of gastrocnemius muscle in the model group 137±7.80 mg was significantly lower than that in the blank control group 203±10.34 mg, which proved that the denervation muscle atrophy mouse model was successfully established. After intervention, the gastrocnemius muscle weight of ALN group 177±11.65 mg was significantly higher than that of model group, and the muscle mass was significantly improved. HE staining showed that muscle fibers in the model group were loosely arranged and the cross-sectional area was significantly smaller than that in the blank control group, and there were more blue stains among muscle fibers. Atpase staining showed that the distribution of type II muscle fibers in the model group was increased compared with that in the blank control group, and the distribution of type II muscle fibers in the ALN group was decreased compared with that in the model group, but higher than that in the blank control group. The results showed that the most widely distributed muscle fiber cross-sectional area was 600-800μm 2 in the blank control group, 200-400 μm 2 in the model group, and 400-600 μm 2 in the ALN group. The results of quantitative calculation of muscle fiber cross-sectional area by Image J 1.48 showed that the mean value of muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the model group was (352±18) μm 2, which was significantly reduced compared with the blank control group 794±20 μm 2. After ALN treatment, muscle fiber cross-sectional area recovered somewhat. The mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area of ALN group was 578±23 μm 2, which increased muscle fiber cross-sectional area by 29%. Western blotting results showed that the expressions of MHC, LC3 and Beclin-1 in model group were significantly lower than those in blank control group ( P<0.05), while MuRF1 and P62 proteins were significantly higher than those in blank control group ( P<0.05). The MHC, LC3 and Beclin-1 proteins in ALN group were significantly higher than those in model group (0.12±0.01 vs. 0.10±0.003, 0.15±0.02 vs. 0.10±0.02, 0.13±0.03 vs. 0.09±0.04). MuRF1 and P62 proteins in ALN group were significantly lower than those in model group (0.10±0.004 vs. 0.15±0.01, 0.16±0.03 vs. 0.20±0.03). MHC immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of MHC in gastrocnemius of mice in model group was significantly lower than that in blank control group, and the expression of MHC in gastrocnemius of mice in ALN group was higher than that in model group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:ALN has a therapeutic effect on skeletal muscle atrophy, and its mechanism may be realized by moderately activating the LC3/Beclin-1 autophagy signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo observe the variation in content of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in patients with Alzheimer's disease （AD） and to investigate efficacy of Yangxue Qingnao granule on AD and the effect on VEGF. MethodA total of 60 patients with cognitive impairment ［30 of AD and 30 of amnestic mild cognitive impairment （aMCI）］ were selected， and another 30 healthy people with Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）≥26 and age， gender， and complications insignificantly different from the patients were included as healthy control. The venous blood of aMCI group， AD group， and the healthy control group was collected at the enrollment to measure the level of serum VEGF. Then， the aMCI and AD patients were randomized into the observation group and the control group， with 30 patients in each group. The control group was given Donepezil Hydrochloride （5 mg·d^-1）， while the observation group received Donepezil Hydrochloride （5 mg·d^-1） and Yangxue Qingnao granule. MoCA was used to evaluate the severity of cognitive impairment. After the treatment for 6 months， the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared， and the serum VEGF levels were detected again by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultThe serum content of VEGF in AD patients was significantly lower than that in aMCI patients and healthy people （P<0.05）. Serum VEGF levels in aMCI patients were significantly decreased compared with those in healthy people （P<0.05）. After treatment for 6 months， the serum VEGF level in the observation group was significantly higher than that before treatment， and was higher than that in the control group （P<0.05）. MoCA scores in the observation group were higher than those in control group （P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was insignificantly different between both groups. ConclusionThe serum levels of VEGF significantly decreased in aMCI and AD patients， suggesting that angiogenesis might be involved in the pathophysiological process of AD and correlated with the early stage of AD. Yangxue Qingnao granule， as a safe adjuvant therapy， showed ideal effect on aMCI and AD， as manifested by the improvement of cognitive function. The mechanism is the likelihood that it can elevate the expression of angiogenic factors such as VEGF， promote angiogenesis， and then improve the microcirculation of cortex.

Objective　To analyze the clinical efficacy and tolerance of lakosamine in the treatment of patients with focal epilepsy.Methods　Forty-four cases of focal epilepsy patients who received LCM from from March 2019 to July 2020 department of neurology,Kunming san bo hospital and the first affiliated hospital of Kunming medical university.The seizures and tolerance of the forty-four patients were followed up in February 2021.Results　After the addition of LCM drugs,the frequency of epileptic seizures in patients with follow-up time of at least 6 months was significantly reduced,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The efficiency can be up to 81.81% and Retention rates can reach 83%.Conclusions　As the third generation of new Anti-seizure medications,LCM can effectively reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures in some patients with focal epilepsy.Very few patients had intolerable adverse reactions.

Objective:To explore the optimal index of rotational displacement of femoral neck fractures by modeling the axial rotational displacement of femoral neck fractures after reduction and based on X-ray projections.Methods:Six dry human femur specimens, comprising 2 males and 4 females, were utilized in the study. Design and manufacture a proximal femur ortholateral and oblique X-ray casting jigs and mounts. The femoral neck fracture was modeled on the femoral specimen, with Pauwells 30°, 50°, and 70° models (2 each) made according to Pauwells typing. The fractures were manually repositioned with residual anterior 20°, 40° and 60° axial rotational displacements. Each fracture model was projected at different angles (pedicled 40°, pedicled 20°, vertical 0°, cephalad 20°, and cephalad 40°), and the trabecular angle and Garden's alignment index of the model were measured to observe the imaging characteristics of the fracture line on the medial oblique and lateral oblique radiographs.Results:In the presence of a 20° and 40° anterior rotational displacement following reduction of a femoral neck fracture, the trabecular angle in the rotationally displaced group was not significantly different from that of the anatomically repositioned group in various projection positions. However, when a residual rotational displacement of 60° was present, the trabeculae appeared blurred at most projection angles in the Pauwells 30° and 50° models, failing to measure trabecular angles. In the Pauwells 70° fracture model, the trabecular angle in the rotational displacement group was significantly different from that in the anatomical reduction group. In anteroposterior radiographs, when the anterior rotation displacement was 60° in the Pauwells 70° group, Garden's contralateral index showed an unsatisfactory restoration (150°, 142°), whereas all rotationally displaced models in the Pauwells 30° and Pauwells 50° groups had a Garden's contralateral index of >155°, which achieved an acceptable restoration. In lateral radiographs, all rotational displacement models with Garden's alignment index>180° failed to achieve acceptable repositioning, and the larger the Pauwells angle the greater the Garden's alignment index at the same rotational displacement. In the internal oblique position with a bias towards the foot side, the image showed partial overlap between the femoral head and the shaft, making it difficult to assess the quality of the reduction. Conversely, when projected cephalad, the femoral neck appeared longer, particularly at a projection angle of 40° cephalad, allowing for clear observation of the fracture line and the anatomy of the proximal femur. The trabeculae were not well visualized in the external oblique position.Conclusion:There are limitations in applying the trabecular angle to assess the axial rotational displacement of the femoral head after reduction of femoral neck fractures. The Pauwells 70° with residual rotational anterior displacement of 60° was the only way to detect axial rotational displacement of the femoral head on anteroposterior radiographs Garden's alignment index. For the determination of axial rotational displacement of the femoral head, the Garden's alignment index on lateral radiographs provides higher reliability.

Sarcopenia, referred to as myopenia, is a systemic syndrome characterized by decreased muscle mass and muscle strength, and decline of motor function.The elderly are a high incidence group of myopenia.With the aging of the world's population becoming increasingly severe, the incidence rate of sarcopenia has also increased, which has brought a heavy burden to the elderly family and society, and has become an important social health problem for the elderly.At present, there are more and more researches on sarcopenia, but the pathogenic factors of sarcopenia are complex and diverse.The prevention and treatment of sarcopenia still need to be further explored and studied.The establishment of an ideal animal model is the key premise and basis for the related research of sarcopenia.In this paper, the different modeling methods, advantages and disadvantages as well as the scope of application of sarcopenia animal models are described, which can provide reference and help for the subsequent animal experimental research of sarcopenia.

Examining mechanisms involved in the mutual regulation between the muscular system and the skeletal system, elucidating the key issues responsible for loss of muscle and bone mass and strength, and thus halting the progression of these conditions are critical measures for reducing fractures caused by falls and subsequent disability and mortality.At present, most studies have treated the muscular system and the skeletal system separately, often ignoring the mutual regulation and connections between them.This article reviews the current research progress on the mechanisms of interaction between the two systems, aiming to provide a basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disuse-related diseases in the elderly population.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the preparation methods of four rat models of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and to determine a liver IRI animal model that is consistent with clinical conditions, has stable pathological and physiological injury, and is easy to operate. METHODS: A total of 160 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups using an interval grouping method: 70% IRI (group A), 100% IRI (group B), 70% IRI with 30% hepatectomy (group C), and 100% IRI with 30% hepatectomy (group D), with 40 rats in each group. Each model was further divided into sham operation group (S group) and ischemia groups of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, with 10 rats in each group. After surgery, the survival status and awakening time of the rats were observed, and the liver lobectomy weight, bleeding volume, and hemostasis time of groups C and D were recorded. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture after 6 hours of reperfusion for determination the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) in the serum to assess liver and kidney function. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining of macrophages were performed to analyze the liver tissue structure damage from a pathological perspective. RESULTS: Rats in group A exhibited earlier awakening and acceptable mental status, while rats in the other groups showed delayed awakening and poor mental status. The hemostasis time in group D was approximately 1 second longer than that in group C. The mortality of rats subjected to 60 minutes of 70% hepatic ischemia was 0. Compared to the sham operation group, rats in each experimental group showed significant increases in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, SCr, and γ-GT, indicating impaired liver and kidney function in the rat models of liver IRI. In groups A, B, and C, the 90-minute ischemia subgroup exhibited more pronounced elevation in AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, SCr, and γ-GT levels compared to the 30-minute ischemia subgroup [AST (U/L): group A, 834.94±56.73 vs. 258.74±18.33; group B, 547.63±217.40 vs. 277.67±57.92; group C, 930.38±75.48 vs. 640.51±194.20; ALT (U/L): group A, 346.78±25.47 vs. 156.58±13.25; group B, 408.40±138.25 vs. 196.80±58.60; group C, 596.41±193.32 vs. 173.76±72.43; ALP (U/L): group A, 431.21±34.30 vs. 315.95±15.64; group B, 525.88±62.13 vs. 215.63±17.31; group C, 487.53±112.37 vs. 272.46±92.33; BUN (U/L): group A, 18.35±5.63 vs. 14.32±2.30; group B, 30.21±4.55 vs. 17.41±8.14; group C, 20.50±3.64 vs. 15.93±3.22; SCr (U/L): group A, 27.47±8.91 vs. 22.37±5.66; group B, 43.60±15.57 vs. 36.80±7.95; group C, 63.81±20.24 vs. 42.47±7.03; γ-GT (U/L): group A, 15.64±3.57 vs. 6.82±1.48; group B, 9.28±1.91 vs. 5.62±1.21; group C, 10.98±3.18 vs. 5.67±1.10; all P < 0.05]. The 100% IRI 90-minute group and 100% IRI 90-minute group with 30% hepatectomy exhibited more pronounced increases in the above-mentioned indicators compared to the corresponding 70% IRI control group, indicating increased liver and kidney damage in rats subjected to combined blood flow occlusion and hepatectomy. HE staining showed clear liver tissue structure with intact and orderly arranged cells in the sham operation group, while the experimental groups exhibited cell structure damage, including cell rupture or collapse, cell swelling, nuclear pyknosis, deep cytoplasm staining, cell shedding, and necrosis. The interstitium showed infiltration of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a higher number of macrophages in the experimental groups compared to the sham operation group. CONCLUSIONS Four models of liver IRI in rat were successfully established. As the duration and severity of hepatic ischemia increased, liver cell ischemia worsened, leading to increased hepatocellular necrosis and exhibiting characteristic features of liver IRI. These models can effectively simulate liver IRI following liver trauma, with the group subjected to 100% ischemia and 30% hepatectomy showing the most severe liver injury. The designed models are reasonable, easy to perform, and exhibit good reproducibility. They can be used for investigating the mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, and diagnostic methods related to clinical liver IRI.
Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Liver ; Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy* ; Ischemia ; Disease Models, Animal ; Necrosis

Objective To investigate biomechanical characteristics of femoral neck fracture with different reduction qualities. Methods Three cases of Sawbones artificial femoral models were selected, and two cases of Pauwel III femoral neck fracture were modeled. Three cannulated screws were inserted into the models in the form of inverted triangle to fix the fracture. Two cases maintained different reduction qualities (defined as Model 1 and Model 2). In the 3 third case, no modeling operation was performed (defined as intact model). Then the strain gauges were respectively pasted on regions of interest of the 3 femoral models. Finally, the femur model was applied with the vertical load on mechanical testing machine. Results When the displacement of femoral head reached 4 mm, the average load of intact model, Model 1 and Model 2 was (236.30±5.35), (196.57±3.56), (69.50±2.95) N, showing significant differences. When the displacement of femoral head reached 5 mm, the average load of intact model, Model 1 and Model 2 was (276.7±3.40)，(232.93±2.64)，(80.83±4.54) N, showing significant differences. Conclusions The lower the reduction quality of the femoral neck fracture, the weaker the ability of the femur to bear stress, the higher the probability of nonunion, re-fracture and femoral head necrosis in the process of postoperative rehabilitation.