Objective:To provide references for policy-making on the establishment of a sound healthcare sys-tem for China’s aged population. Methods:Based on the framework of The Behavioral Model of Health Services Use and data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011 , the Tobit model of aged population’s health expenditures is built. Results: Self-rated health conditions, chronic disease, medical insurance, endowment insur-ance, self-rated living standard, age, gender, marital status and urban-rural character are the significant determi-nants. Conclusions:The healthcare system for China’s aged population should be built through simultaneously apply-ing disease prevention and access facilitation policies and the characteristic differences of different groups of aged pop-ulation should be taken into consideration.

Objective To investigate the effect of metabolic parameters on the self-efficacy in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods 175 diabetes mellitus patients were recruited by random sampling method.Demographic data and metabolic parameters were obtained and the scales of self-efficacy of diabetes patients were evaluated by secd6.We further analyzed the effect of metabolic parameters on the selfeffficacy in diabetes mellitus patients.Results Two-hour postprandial blood glucose had negative correlation with self-efficacy among 10 metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus patients.Conclusions Twohour post-prandial hyperglycemia affects the scale of self-effcacy.So we should strengthen the management of two-hour postprandial hyperglycemia to increase the self-efficacy in diabetes mellitus patients.

OBJECTIVE:To put forward proposals for governments on how to properly regulate drug market.METHODS:The theory of price elasticity in economics was applied for the analysis.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:With the increasing of national income year by year,the cases for high price drugs to expel low price drugs has become increasingly common.The government policies should be based on the development of pharmaceutical industry,meanwhile government should take mild policy to ease the contradictions arose from the development.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the development and make full use of the pharmacoeconomics(PE)in China.METHODS:The problems to be able to solved using PE,i.e the necessity of developing PE in China was discussed,and the bottleneck which will restrain or hinder the optimal utilization of PE was pointed out.RESULTS:We should strengthen the cultivation of talents engaged in PE,formulating guidelines of pharmacoeconomic evaluation and gradually apply PE into National Essential Medicine Policy.CONCLUSION:The decision-makers of health policy should have a sufficient understanding of PE so as to facilitate the utilization and sustainable development of PE in health policy-related decision-making.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for food & drug regulatory authorities in China to disclose government information.METHODS:In the light of the development and status quo of the disclosure of information in US FDA,the access,content and procedure for the disclosure of information in FDA were discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There are many similarities between US and China in the disclosure of information.In view of the practical situation of governmental information disclosure in food and drug regulatory authorities in China,Chinese government should be able to find out such key issues as the human and financial support is much needed in FDA information disclosure,the disclosure level should be in line with our national condition,a three-dimensional publicity system of government information at different level should be established and emphasis should be laid to the key disclosed information etc based on the research on the development,access,content and procedure of information disclosure in FDA.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate technology innovation capability of pharmaceutical industry in 30 provinces(regions and cities)and explore suitable innovation mode for each type. METHODS:The entropy method was adopted to establish comprehen-sive evaluation mode of technology innovation capability of pharmaceutical industry. The mode was used to measure comprehensive score and ranking of pharmaceutical industry in 30 provinces(regions and cities). Those 30 provinces(regions and cities)were di-vided into 3 types,including high technology innovation ability (type Ⅰ),medium technology innovation ability (type Ⅱ) and low technology innovation ability (type Ⅲ),and relevant suggestions on innovation mode were put forward. RESULTS & CON-CLUSIONS:According to the establishment of evaluation index system that included innovation resources input capability,innova-tion output capability,innovation potentiality and innovation environment,significant differences were found among these regions in technology innovation capability. For those 8 provinces (regions and cities) with high technology innovation ability,such as Shandong,Jiangsu and so on,which belongs to the type Ⅰ,local pharmaceutical enterprises should adopt the innovation mode of independent innovation dominant,cooperative innovation as a supplement;for those 9 provinces(regions and cities)with medium technology innovation ability,such as Hebei,Sichuan and so on,which belongs to the type Ⅱ,local pharmaceutical enterprises should select the mode of cooperative innovation of the combination of production,teaching and research;for those 13 provinces (regions and cities) with low technology innovation ability,such as Hainan,Ningxia,which belongs to the type Ⅲ,should the mode of giving priority to imitation innovation and cooperative innovation as a supplement.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the ideas about how the chain drugstores to reply to drug price war.METHODS:Economically,the competition between drugstore was discussed and the respective advantages and disadvantages of fair-price and chain drugstores were analysed.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:Chain drugstores should improve their pharmaceutical service,base oneself upon market voids,and exert self-advantages,if they want to win in price war.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the reasonable use of antibiotic drugs.METHODS:the causes of antibiotics drug abuse were analyzed.The regulation on standardizing antibiotic drug sales by State Food and Drug Administration as well as its influence were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:some conceptions and suggestions are tentatively put forward.

OBJECTIVE:To provide advices on how to apply to the theory of customer relationship management in retail drugstores.METHODS:The theory of customer relationship management was briefly expounded and its application in the real management of drugstores was analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Only after the retail drugstore putting the ideas of customer relationship management into their everyday work according to their own features can their function brought into full play.

OBJECTIVE:In order to enhance the quality control of Chinese botanical extracts and to facilitate the entry of Chinese botanical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine into the international market.METHODS:The market overview of the botanical extracts was expounded,problems existed in the quality control of the Chinese botanical extracts were analyzed,and the significance and key points in establishing Good Extracting Practice(GEP)of the traditional Chinese medicine were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The quality control of the Chinese botanical extracts must be emphasized,which means to establish the feasible quality standard;the production process should be optimized and the corresponding‘Standard Operating Procedure’should be formed;advanced technology and facilities should be adopted to improve the content of hi-tech,the toxic substances should be strictly controlled;the quality of the raw material should be guaranteed,the connection between which and the‘Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs'should be strengthened.