OBJECTIVE:To promote the development and make full use of the pharmacoeconomics(PE)in China.METHODS:The problems to be able to solved using PE,i.e the necessity of developing PE in China was discussed,and the bottleneck which will restrain or hinder the optimal utilization of PE was pointed out.RESULTS:We should strengthen the cultivation of talents engaged in PE,formulating guidelines of pharmacoeconomic evaluation and gradually apply PE into National Essential Medicine Policy.CONCLUSION:The decision-makers of health policy should have a sufficient understanding of PE so as to facilitate the utilization and sustainable development of PE in health policy-related decision-making.

Objective To observe the effect of speech therapy on children with Down syndrome. Methods 30 children with Down syndrome were reviewed. Results Their speech and intelligence quotient improved after training, especially in the children younger than 6 years old. Conclusion Speech therapy can improve the speech and intelligence in children with Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status and existing problems of pharmacoeconomic evaluation studies in China, and to put forward suggestions for its future development. METHODS: The pertinent literature was analyzed from aspects of author affiliation, research method, research perspective, research object, research duration, clinical trial, cost, outcome, cost-output analysis, sensitivity analysis, ADR(adverse drug reaction) measurement, and research conclusion. RESULTS: There were still many problems in Chinese pharmacoeconomic evaluation studies. CONCLUSION: Chinese pharmacoeconomic evaluation studies are still in an infant stage, which remain to be further improved.

Objective To explore induced eruption techniques of the impacted maxillary canine with labial medial inclination. Methods A total of 38 cases with upper impacted canines with labial medial inclination were selected. The impacted canine was connected to the buccal hook of the upper first molar band, moved distantly and uprightly and then drawn to the dental arch after the pressure to the adjacent teeth was removed. Results After average 18 months treatment, 38 patients had good functions. The deeper impacted canines in 5 patients were extracted, and then the dental arch spaces closed. The lateral incisors of root resorption in 4 patients were extracted. The premolars in 19 patients were removed, and 10 patients without extractions. Then the impacted canines were moved into dental arch. There was no aggravated root resorption during the treatment process. Conclusion When the maxillary canine with labial medial inclination is impacted, it is moved distantly and uprightly by elastic line connected to the buccal hook of the maxillary first molar band, and then drawn to the dental arch. The process is smoothly and the neighbor teeth are protected.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of NF-κB and Pglycoprotein(P-gp) in cervical cancer tissue before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT). Methods The mRNA and the protein expression levels of NF-κB and P-gp were determined by Real time-PCR and immunohistochemical assay respectively in cancer specimens from 40 cevical cancer patients, which were collected before and after NACT. Results The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB were 50. 340 ± 0. 780 and 67. 595 ± 0. 914 before and after NACT respectively, which showed significant difference statistically ( t = -73. 384 ,P ＜ 0. 01 ). We also found significant difference in the comparison between MDR1 mRNA expression before and after NACT(45. 800 ±0. 636 vs 62. 381 ±0. 743 ,t = -66. 582,P ＜0. 01 ). The positive rate of NF-κB protein expression before and after NACT were 50% ( 20/40 ), 80% ( 32/40 ) respectively, which showed significant difference statistically( χ2 = 7. 912, P = 0. 005 ). The positive rate of P-gp protein expression after NACT was significantly higher than that before NACT [ 40% ( 16/40 ) vs 70% ( 28/40 ), χ2 = 7. 273, P = 0. 007 ]The mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB were positively correlated with those of P-gp before and after NACT( r = 0. 408,r = 0. 327 respectively, Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion NF-κB and P-gp may play an important role in multi-drug resistance of cervical carcinoma. Chemotherapy drugs in our NACT strategy may induce the activation of NF-κB and multi-drug resistance. Activation of NF-κB may correlate with multi-drug resistance mediated by P-gp.

Objective:To analyze the success rate and safety of artery blood-collection from related artery and provide reference for clinical work.Methods:A total of 600 patients in need of artery blood-collection ,who visited to our hospital from Jul 2013 to Sep 2013,were selected.They were randomly divided into femoral artery blood-collection group (n=120,femoral group),radial artery blood-collection group (n= 240,radial group)and brachial artery blood-collection group (n=240,brachial group).Success rate of puncture and incidence rate of adverse reactions were compared among three groups.Results:Success rates of puncture in femoral group and brachial group were sig-nificantly higher than that of radial group (95.00%,92.92% vs.86.67%,P <0.01 all),there was no significant difference between femoral group and brachial group,P >0.05;incidence rate of adverse reactions in femoral group was significantly higher than those of radial group and brachial group (11.67% vs.5.83%,5.00%),there was no significant difference between radial group and brachial group,P >0.05. Conclusion:Synthetic judgment:Success rate of puncture is higher and incidence rate of adverse reactions is lower for brachial artery blood-collection,so it may be regarded as preferred.

Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnet with titanium nitride coating in artificial saliva. Methods: 6 samples of magnet in the size 3 mm?5 mm?7 mm were prepared.3 of them were coated with titanium nitride by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition,another 3 without coating were used as controls.The samples were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for one month. Then the surface characters of two kinds of magnets were observed with the naked eye and by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). Results: The surface of the magnets with titanium nitride coating was fine and close in texture and there were no cleft and disintegrated area. However, that of the magnets without titanium nitride coating was uneven and coarse in texture,and there were evident clefts and disintegrated areas. Conclusion: The corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnets with titanium nitride coating is stronger than that without coating.

Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of the ortho do ntic magnets with titanium nitride (TiN) coating. Methods: The m agnets coated TiN film were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for two mon ths. During the immersion, the concentration of iron ion in the artificial saliv a was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS). After immersion, t he weight change of the magnets was measured.The magnets coated with nickel film and without coating were used as the controls.Results: In all t he groups, iron ion concentration in the artificial saliva increased with the in crease of immersion time(P

OBJECTIVE:To improve the proposal put forward by a hospital on the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia.METHODS:The domestic pharmacoeconomic evaluation papers on the community-acquired pneumonia were evaluated.The problems lie in the proposal put forward by a hospital on the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia were analyzed and the measures for its improvement were put forward.RESULTS:The proposal had problems in research angle,determination of sample size,cost calculation,determination of quality of life etc.CONCLUSION:Measures for the improvement of the proposal should be put forward from the aspects of model construction,sample size determination,the design of quality of life table and sensitivity analysis.

Objective To investigate the effect of full-dose and half-dose aprotinin on perioperative inflammatory response in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) .Methods Thirty-nine patients aged 50-65 yrs undergoing off-pump CABG were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 13 each):Ⅰcontrol group (C);Ⅱfull-dose aprotinin group (A-full) andⅢhalf-dose aprotinin group (A-half) . In groupⅡ( A-full) aprotinin 2?106 KIU in 100 ml normal saline (NS) was infused over 30 min after induction of anesthesia followed by aprotinin infusion at 0.5?106 KIU?h-1 until the end of surgery. In group A-half, half the amount of aprotinin administered in group A-full was given. In control group only NS was administered. Blood samples were taken before operation (T1,baseline) , 0.5 h after completion of vascular anastomosis (T2) and 2, 6, 18 h after operation (T3-5), for determination of plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and troponin (TnI) .Results The 3 groups were comparable with respect to age, M/F ratio, duration of operation and the number of bypass grafts. Plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TnI were significantly increased after operation as compared to the baseline values (T0) in all 3 groups. The plasma concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TnI were significantly lower and postoperative blood loss smaller in the 2 aprotinin groups than in the control group; but they were not significantly different between the two aprotinin groups. Conclusion Both full-dose and half-dose aprotinin can inhibit the inflammatory response to CABG, reduce myocardial injury and postoperative blood loss. Half-dose aprotinin is recommended in patients undergoing off-pump CABG.