Objective To explore the application effect of critical thinking applied in the intravenous infusion.Methods To give nurses who worked in the Neurosurgery Department from January to April 2012 training lessons of critical thinking so that they could analyze,judge,formulate and implement corresponding nursing measures during the intravenous infusion process through their critical thinking.Then the successful rate of venepuncture for patients and the patients' satisfaction degree with nursing before and after the critical thinking training lessons were observed.Results The successful rate of venepuncture for patients and the patients' satisfaction degree of nursing were apparently improved after the nurses received critical thinking training.The difference was of statistical significance.Conclusions After the implementation of critical thinking training during the intravenous infusion process for nurses,nurses puncture skills is enhanced,infusion swelling and complications are reduced,and the quality of clinical nursing care and patients' satisfaction degree of nursing is improved.

Objective To investigate the types ,specimen types ,department distribution and drug resistance of multi‐drug resist‐ant bacteria in our hospital during the recent 5 years to provide the scientific guidance for the clinical treatment ,prevention and con‐trol of multi‐drug resistant bacteria .Methods The specimens of laboratory bacterial culture positive during 2011-2015 were col‐lected ,and analyzed on the types ,proportion and drug resistance situation of multi‐drug resistant bacteria and their distribution in clinical specimens and clinical departments .Results A total of 2 568 strains of multi‐drug resistant bacteria were isolated and ac‐counted for 37 .41% the positive specimens ,in which top 5 bacteria were Escherichia coli ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;the sputum ,midstream urine ,blood and secretions had the higher posi‐tive rate of multi‐drug resistant bacteria ,while the secretions from the catheter tip and ear discharge had the lower positive rate(P<0 .05);the multi‐drug resistant bacteria had difference among different departments ,in which ICU ,respiratory department and sur‐gery department were highest ,while the lowest was in the spleen and stomach department and breast department ;the resistance of multi‐drug resistant bacteria occurred over a wide range ,which had higher resistance to beta lactam and aminoglycosides and had higher sensitivity to compound antibacterial drugs such as sulfamethoxazole antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors .Conclusion Multi‐drug resistant bacteria are more and more common in clinic .The positive rate is increased year by year .The drug resistant strains widely distributed .The clinical departments should pay high attention to .Rational and scientific use of antibacterial drugs ,strict control of multi‐drug resistant bacterial spread and strength of the patients′isolation have an important significance to effectively prevent and control the multi‐drug resistant bacterial spread .

Objective]To research the impact of Danxi’s medical science on Kampo medicine system and summarize its development in Japan,for providing ideas for the research of Chinese medicine. [Method]Learning Zhu Danxi related books and Kampo medicine literature, analyse the impact of Danxi ’s medical science on each genre of Japan Kampo medicine,explain the role of Danxi ’s medical science in the formation and development in Japan Kampo medicine system,and ummarize its development path in Japan.[Result]The development of Danxi ’s medical science in Japan experienced ups and downs, combined with local realities,and derived more Japanese-oriented medical theories. [Conclusion]Danxi ’s medical science not only for the formation of Japanese Kampo medicine system plays an important role, but also has a profound impact on Japan's three Kampo medical genre.Its development track is worth thinking and summarizing.

Objective To study the effect of relaxation therapy on sleeping quality of patients with post cran- iocerebral traumatic syndrome. Methods 90 cases with sleep disorders were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group. The control group was given routine care and the treatment group was given relaxation therapy combined with routine care. Take pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) as evaluation criteria. Results There was significant difference between the two groups( P < 0.01 ). Sleep quality was more improved by relaxation therapy in the experimental group than that of the control group. Conclusion Relaxation therapy can effectively im- prove sleep quality in patients with post craniocerebral traumatic syndrome.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate both mRNA and protein expression of target genes and play important roles in proliferation,differentiation,development and metabolism of cells.This paper reviews the research progress on miRNAs involvement in liver diseases,including viral hepatitis,fatty liver,drug induced liver disease,primary biliary cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Traditionally regarded as a vitamin regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, vitamin D is now discovered as a highly versatile molecule involved in immunity, cancer, infectious diseases, fibrosis, fatty liver diseases, and alcoholic liver diseases.In several studies, lower vitamin D status has been found to be associated with increased risk and unfavorable outcome of acute infections.This paper reviews the research progress of the roles played by vitamin D in various inflammatory diseases and its mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation factors of nosocomial infection in patients after receiving craniocerebral operation.METHODS Totally 388 hospitalized patients after receiving craniocerebral operation from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006 were studied retrospectively.RESULTS From them 45 pateints were suffering from nosocomial infection and total incidence of nosocomial infection was 11.59%.Among them,60.0% was lower respiratory tract infection,11.11% was surgical wound infection and 8.89% was upper respiratory infection.Aging,length of stay and invasive operation(deep vein needle detaining,trachea incision,tracheal intubation,urinary canal and drainage tube dwelling) were the main correlation tactors.CONCLUSIONS Minimizing invasive operation and early removing various kinds of dwelling tubes,using antibiotics correctly,improving hospitalizd environment and strengthening wards management are the measures to reduce nosocomial infection according its correlation factors.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) .Methods Studies that compared the treatment efficacy and safety between TDF and ETV in CHB patients were searched through electronic databases before Mar 2015 .Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate ,hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression rate ,hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg ) seroconversion rate ,drug resistance rate and safety profile were reviewed .RevMan 5 .2 was used for analysis .Results A total of 13 studies met inclusion criteria and 1 934 patients were analyzed ,including 884 patients treated with TDF and 1 050 with ETV .The HBV DNA suppression rate of TDF was superior to ETV at week 48 (OR=1 .36 ,95% CI:1 .05 -1 .76 ,P=0 .02) .The ALT normalization rate of ETV was superior to TDF at week 24 (OR= 0 .68 ,95% CI:0 .48-0 .96 ,P= 0 .03) .The virological response at week 24 ,ALT normalization rate at week 48 and serological response at week 24 and 48 were not significantly different between patients treated with TDF and ETV (all P>0 .05) .The resistance rate was not significantly different between patients treated with TDF and ETV 24 months after treatment (P=0 .51) .And the safety profiles of these two drugs were similar (P>0 .05) .Conclusions TDF has better virological response compared with ETV .The drug resistance rate and safety profile are similar between TDF and ETV .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of daily living activity training on the self-care ability of children with cerebral palsy.Methods Sixty children with cerebral palsy were equally divided into control group and observation group. The former group were managed with rehabilitative therapy and the latter were given ADL training consecutively for 6 months apart from rehabilitative therapy.The two groups were compared in terms of score on ADL after 6 months treatment.Results There was no difference in the score on activities of daily living between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05),but the score after treatment in the obsertation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion The ADL training is effective for improving the self-care ability of children with cerebral palsy and promoting the rehabilitation of children.

Objective Comparison the coincidence rate in the colloidal gold method and the passive agglu-tination method to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection, discuss the clinical value in rapid diagnosis of MP infection in the two methods. Methods Two-hundred patients with MP infection, including 100 cases in the the children group, and 100 cases in the adult group, were detected in MP-IgM antibody in serum with the colloidal gold method and the passive agglutination method. Results The positive rate of MP-IgM antibody with the passive agglutination method were slightly higher than that of the colloidal gold method in the children group (P > 0.05), While the positive rate of MP-IgM antibody with the passive agglutination method in the adult group were signifi-cantly higher than that of the colloidal gold method (P<0.05). When the antibody titer of MP-IgM antibody were 1:60, ≥1:320 in the children group, the coincidence rate of the positive results with the colloidal gold method and the passive agglutination method were 95.40%, 95.30%;When the antibody titer of MP-IgM antibody were 1:80, 1:160,≥1:320 in the adult group, the coincidence rate of the positive results with the colloidal gold method and the passive agglutination method were 0, 61.90%, 63.80%. Conclusions In the pediatric MP infection, for the high an-tibody titer of MP-IgM antibody, the positive coincidence rate with the colloidal gold method can reach clinical diag-nostic requirements. Clinical physicians according to the age and disease process of patients choose the appropriate method in order to realize the simple, rapid and accurate diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.