This article was aimed to study the Uygur medicine Hyssopus officinalis L. on the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mice in order to explore the mechanism of its treatment of COPD. The pre-fumigation method was copied to establish a mouse model of COPD. Mice were ran-domly divided into the normal control group, saline group and water extract of H. officinalis L. high, middle and low dose group. The level of serum IFN-λ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 were detected with ELISA. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the serum IL-4 and IL-17 level of the COPD model group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the serum IFN-λ and IL-10 level were significantly lower (P < 0.05). After drug intervention, the IL-4 and IL-17 level were significantly lower, and the IFN-λ and IL-10 level were significantly increased compared with the model group. The correlation analysis showed that the IFN-λ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 were negatively related. It was concluded that H. officinalis L. played a certain role on correct-ing imbalances of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg.