We analyzed the characteristics of postgraduate education in military universities in America and Japan,including idea of education development and system of administration,and drew on the useful experiences in this regard for military universities in China.The topic is practically significant for current reformation and development of postgraduate education in military universities in China.

Objective To investigate the role of plasma ? endorphin(? EP) in the regulation of cellular immunity, mainly IL 2R expression and IL 2 production in rat splenic cells, following traumatic hemorrhagic shock(T HS). Methods ①Wistar rats with T HS were used and sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after T HS. Plasma specimens were collected and ? EP levels in plasma were detected. Rats with sham operation were served as the controls. ②Models of in vitro experiment were used. Spenic cells were isolated and mixed from four normal rats and cocultured with shock plasma or shock plasma+? EP antiserum. ConA induced splenic cell IL 2 production and IL 2R expression were observed. Results ①Level of plasma ? EP increased remarkably after T HS immediately, peaked at 1 h, showed decreasing tendency and restored to pre shock level 24 h after T HS. ②Shock plasma significantly suppressed ConA induced splenic cell function; Levels of plasma ? EP were negatively correlated with IL 2 production and IL 2R expression in spenic cells; Compared with that in SP group, splenic cell function elevated markedly in SP+? EP antiserum group, but was still lower than that in controls. Conclusion The increased plasma ? EP following T HS is involved in the suppression of cellular immunity.

Medical bilingual teaching method is a developing teaching form recently.And bilingual teaching method in Laboratory Diagnosis is one of the reforms to meet the present challenge.At present,it has no uniform mode.In this paper the understanding of the objective of Laboratory Diagnosis and the strategies in the Bilingual teaching are discussed.

Objective To develop the Chinese version of multidimensional measure for recurrent ab-dominal pain scale(MM-RAP) and test the reliability and validity of it. Methods The Chinese version of MM-RAP was translated and revised and 100 children with recurrent abdominal pain and their parents were surveyed by it. Then the reliability and validity of the scale was tested. Results The teat-retest reliability coefficient of MM-RAP was 0.86. The total Cronbach's coefficient α of the scale was 0.80. Cronbach's coef-ficient α of each dimensions was above 0.70. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was higher correlation between items and its belonged dimensions than that with other dimensions. The results of confir-matory factor analysis indicated the factor structure was similar with the theoretical construction of the in-strument. Conclusions The Chinese version of MM-RAP demonstrated good reliability and validity and was an effective assessment instrument for measuring recurrent abdominal pain of Chinese children.

It is to discuss the method for studying uveoscleral pathway and the influence of uveoscleral outflow on aqueous humor drainage. Seventeen rabbits were randomly divided into the flow group that included 5 rabbits and the morphological group that included 12. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was perfused into anterior chambers of flow group rabbit eyes as the tracer for measuring uveoscleral outflow. This tracer was infused into anterior chambers of morphological group rabbit eyes for observing fluorescent intensity of all tissue of the uveoscleral pathway with fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence was seen in all sites of uveoscleral pathway. The fluorescent intensity of ciliary body and suprachoroidal space was significantly stronger than that of anterior sclera (P＜0.05). The intensity of choroid and posterior sclera was significantly weaker than that of other tissues (P＜0.05). The average value of uveoscleral outflow was (0.18±0.031) μl/min. This study demonstrates that uveoscleral pathway plays an important role in aqueous humor drainage. Anterior sclera is the main site where aqueous humor flows out. FITC-BSA is an effective tracer for studying uveoscleral pathway from both morphological and functional aspects.

Objective To study the immunophenotypic feature of CD+2 adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CD+2 B-ALL) and provide evidences for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Methods The immunophenotypes of 18 cases of adult CD+2 B-ALL and 68 cases of adult CD-2 B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(CD-2 B-ALL) were assayed by a panel of monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) with FACS. Results The age of CD+2 B-ALL adults was younger compared to that of CD-2 B-ALL. The patients in the CD; group were similar to CD-2 group for the expression of most of the cell surface antigens assayed. However, it was notable that expression frequencies of CD10 [(73.78±26.67) %] in CD+2 B-ALL was higher than those in CD; B-ALL [(52.84±35.25) %] (t = 2.35, P<0.05) and CD33 [(15.46±27.41) %] were significantly lower than that of CD2 BALL [(31.15+27.72) %] (t = 2.16, P<0.05). Both groups showed high positive expression for CD34 72.2 % (13/ 18) and 80.9 % (55/68), respectively (χ2 = 0.64, P >0.05). The CD20 expression in CD+2 B-ALL was lower than that in CD-2 B-ALL significantly (χ2 = 11.38, P <0.05). The myeloid antigen (CD13 or CD33) expression in CD+2 B-ALL 44.4 % (8/18) was lower than that in CD-2 B-ALL 72.1 %(49/68) (χ2 = 4.86, P <0.05). Conclusion Patients in the CD+2 B-ALL were similar to CD-2 B-ALL for expression of most of the cell surface antigens assayed. CD+2 B-ALL showed low expression frequency of myeloid antigens (CD13, CD33) and CD20 antigens than CD-2 B-ALL. These results suggested that those with the CD+2 B-ALL immunophenotype generally presented with favorable prognostic features and usually could achieve good outcomes after treatment.

〔Abstract〕 Based on elaborating the problems existed in traditional programming course, taking Beijing University of Chinese Medi-cine as an example, the paper puts forward interest teaching method, carries out comprehensive teaching reform from preparing lessons, classes, after-school three aspects, points out the key problems in implementation.Practice shows that this mode could stimulate students′learning interest and initiative and achieve good results.

Objective To investigate the influence of passive smoking during pregnancy on the ability of cognitive and behavior of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Methods 92 ADHD children with passive smoking during pregnancy,99 cases without passive smoking and 100 cases normal children were selected. Their abilities of cognitive and behavioral were evaluated by intelligence test, Wisconsin card sorting test and Stroop test. Results The verbal intelligence quotient ( VIQ), performances intelligence quotient (PIQ) and the full intelligence quotient (FIQ) of ADHD children were significantly lower than normal children, especially for the ADHD children with passive smoking during pregnancy. Compared to the normal children,the ADHD children showed significant difference in the time of reading card A, B,C and reading errors of card B,C,especially for the ADHD children with passive smoking during pregnancy. Compared to the normal children, the ADHD children showed significantly more in the scores of responses errors, perseverant responses, perseverant errors, perseverant errors percentage and non-perseverant errors, and lower in conceptualization plane, especially for the ADHD children with passive smoking during pregnancy. Conclusion The defect of the ability of cognitive and behavior of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder children were the worse for passive smoking during pregnancy.

AIM: To explore the role of plasma ?-endorphin(?-EP) in the suppression of cellular immunity following trauma-hemorrhagic shock(T-HS). METHODS: ① Wistar rats with T-HS were sacrificed at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after T-HS. Plasma sample was collected and ?-EP levels in plasma was measured. Rats with sham-operated were served as the controls. ②In in vitro experiment, splenic cells were isolated and mixed from four normal rats and cocultured with shock plasma (SP) or SP +?-EP antiserum. ConA-induced splenic cell proliferation, IL-2 production, IL-2R expression were examined. RESULTS: ① Levels of plasma ?-EP elevated remarkably after T-HS immediately, peaked at 1h , showed decreasing tendency and restored normal 24 h after T-HS. ② Shock plasma significantly suppressed ConA-induced splenic cell function. Levels of plasma ?-EP were negatively correlated with spenic cell proliferation and IL-2 production and IL-2R expression. Compared with SP group, splenic cell function elevated markedly in SP + ?-EP antiserum group, but still lower than that in controls. CONCLUSION: The elevated plasma ?-EP following T-HS was involved in the suppression of cellular immunity.