OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of oil/water partition coefficient of fluorouracil (5-FU) with its nasal absorption.METHODS: The octanol /water partition coefficient of 5-FU in Octanol-water were determine at different pH condition (4,6,7,8,10).In situ nasal recirculation method was used to estimate nasal absorption constant of 5-FU at different pH condition in rat.Regression analysis of obtained data was carried out.RESULTS: Oil/water partition coefficient and nasal absorption constant of 5-FU were increased as long as the value of pH with a positive correlation between them (r=0.983 8).CONCLUSION: There is a good linear relationship between oil/water partition coefficient and nasal absorption constant.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efifcacy of lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B antiviral therapy. Methods 78 cases with chronic hepatitis B patients from January 2012 to December 2012 collected in People's Hospital of Deqing County were observed and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 39 cases in each group. Control group were treated with entecavir , and experimental group with lamivudine. The negative rate of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B virus surface antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg) seroconversion rates and alanine aminotransferase (Alamine aminotransferase, ALT) recovery rate after 6 weeks, 12 weeks , 18 weeks , 24 weeks of the two groups were compared. Results The negative rate of hepatitis B virus, ALT recovery rates in control group after 6 weeks, 12 weeks , 18 weeks, 24 weeks treatment were better than experimental group , the differences were statistically signiifcant(P<0.05). There was no signiifcant differences in the rate of HBsAg seroconversion at week 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks, 24 weeks between two groups. Conclusion Lamivudine antiviral ,has acceptable clinical efifcacy in treatment for chronic hepatitis B, and still has a certain gap with entecavir, but it has an appropriate price, which may be more suitable for patients in economic. So choose which medicine in clinical application should be in combination with the practical situation of patients.

Objective To conduct surveys on nursing managers'pre-post training needs in the country.Methods Self-made questionnaires on nursing managers'pre-post training and the managerial skills of nursing managers in the next five years were used to conduct surveys on 1 004 nursing managers in 77 domestic hospitals.Results Among those surveyed,45.8% of the heads of nursing departments and 54.2% of the head nurses had no pre-post training while 94.5% of those surveyed deemed it extremely necessary for nursing managers to receive pre-post training.Conclusion It is essential for nursing managers to get pre-post training,which ought to be conducted at various levels,with different focal points, and according to their needs.Such training should be gradually conducted in a standardized and systematic way.

We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E.coli) infection in Fujian Province,providing reference for the prevention and control of diarrhea epidemic and outbreak.Yanping and Yongan areas were selected as surveillance sites from year 2010 to 2015,where 1 950 samples were collected from the sentinel hospitals,and then samples were isolated and cultured on MacConkey agar plates.Suspected strains were identified by routine and molecular diag nosis technique methods.Results were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software package.A total of 129 strains of diarrheagenic E.coli were isolated with a total detection rate of 6.62％.The detection rates of enteropathogenic E.coli(EPEC),enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC) and enteroadhesive E.coli(EAEC) were 3.33％,1.64％ and 1.64％ respectively (including 61 strains of atypical EPEC,4 strains of typical EPEC,and 32 strains of ETEC and EAEC for each),while EHEC and EIEC were not found.There was no significant difference between the detection rates of male and female.All the patients were divided into five groups according to the age,and there were no significant differences between the detection rates of EPEC,EAEC and ETEC in the 5 groups.The detection rates were the highest in August and September.There was no significant difference between the detection rates of rural area and uban area.There was also no significant difference between the composition ratio of diarrheagenic E.coli (DEC) in the two surveillance sites.In conclusion,there were three kinds of DEC in Fujian Province,and EPEC was the dominant.August and September were the months with the highest detection rates.Children age less than five and adult aged 20 59 years were the high risk groups with DEC infection.More attention should be attached on the rational treatment by antibiotic for DEC.

New registry classifications of chemical drugs redefined the concepts of new drugs and generic drugs. New drugs emphasize the international innovation including innovate new drugs and modified new drugs. Modified new drugs are improvement of drugs already on the market to achieve superior efficacy. With the advantages of high success rate,high return,low risk and long life cycle,modified new drugs have become the mainstream of new drugs research and development in the world. Modified new drugs R&D in China should be based on clinical demand and focused on the differentiation research in order to obtain new preparations with signif-icant clinical advantages to better serve the clinical practise. This paper states the concept and characteristics of modified new drugs in China,makes case analysis and shares the development history of blockbuster modified new drugs in the world,clarifies the opportuni-ties and challenges and provides ideas for the future development of modified new drugs in China.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM)-1,a recently identified molecule,is involved in monocytic activation and inflammatory responses.TREM-1 is a member of natural killer cell receptor family and is expressed on neutrophils,mature monocytes and macrophages,and it can enhance the inflammatory responses mediated by Toll-like receptor-2 and -4,showing a role of inflammation promotion.Reportedly sTREM-1 was detectable in the body fluids in the presence of bacterial or fungal infection; therefore it might be used as a marker for inflammation.In addition,recombinant sTREM-1 may also be a new method for anti-inflammatory therapy.Recently,it has been found that TREM-1 not only promoted the acute inflammatory responses,but also participated in the development of chronic inflammation.This review summarizes the role of TREM-1 in the inflammation-associated dieases.

0.1%EDTA≈5% HP ? CD≈1%lecithin. Conclusion: The three methods have good correlation.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) and its related substances in MCP nasal spray .Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution (0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, added with 5 ml of triethylamine and adjusted to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid)(19∶81) as the mobile phase at 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 275 nm and the column temperature was set at 30℃.Results and Conclusion Related substances were completely separated from MCP .For MCP,the linearity of determination was over the range of 10-200 μg/ml and the recovery of the method ranged from 100.3%to 101.6%.The relative standard deviation was 0.68%(n=9).The method is accurate, reliable, repeatable, and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for MSP nasal spray .

Liuwei-Dihuang Pill is a famous medicine in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and it is important and interesting to explore its new clinical indications. This study is based on the data downloaded from the SinoMed by querying on term of Liuwei-Dihuang Pill. By applying the data slicing algo-rithm, we achieved outstanding symptoms associated with Liuwei-Dihuang Pill. Examining these symptoms, besides those which are widely known as common knowledge, some other potential symptoms are found. These potential symptoms are aphtha, (sexual) dysfunction, constipation, and heel pain which might be taken as new clinical indi-cations of Liuwei-Dihuang Pill.

Objective To explore the traditional Chinese and western medication principle of treating epilepsy based on text mining, and provide a reference for clinical use. Methods Based on the literature data of treatment of epilepsy collected in CBM database, we explored the medication principle of both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for treating epilepsy by frequency statistical data based on sensitive keywords hierarchical algorithm, retro-read and manually noise reduction. These laws displayed by the frequency of one-dimensional and two-dimensional network diagram. Results Commonly used drugs in western medicine treatment for epilepsy are phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine and diazepam. Traditional Chinese medicine commonly used are Angongniuhuang Pill, Qingkailing Injection, Wumei Pill, Tongxinluo Capsule, Compound Danshen Dripping Pill, Xuefuzhuyu Capsule, etc. When traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine are combined used, the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine are Angongniuhuang Pill, Qingkailing Injection and Compound Danshen Tablet, western medicine are phenobarbital, valproate, carbamazepine and diazepam. Common syndromes are yin deficiency of liver and kidney, deficiency of kidney yin, heart tangled by sputum, deficiency of yin, heart disturbance by sputum and fire. Conclusion Text mining technology can be used for summary of medication principle of treating epilepsy and of epilepsy syndrome, thus provide useful exploration and reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.