High fat diet is one of the important factors leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistant symptom.Developing a steady and applied model using high-fat diet-fed animals becomes an important part of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistant symptom researches.Whether high fat diet leads to insulin resistant symptom in experimental animals depends on the following factors: the artifactitious pattern and the fat proportion of the feed,the total amount of calories absorbed by the experimental animal,the duration of the animal model development,the breed and gender of experimental animals and the assistant medicament etc.

Objective To study the concentration alteration of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with primary and secondary glomerular diseases (GD), the effect of immune inhibitors on the concentration, and analyze the relationship between VEGF concentration and some clinical indexes. Methods Serum VEGF concentration of GD patients was determined by sandwich ABC-ELISA. Results All of the GD patients had higher level of serum VEGF than the control group. Of the 5 groups divided according to the clinical classification, patients of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) group, latent glomerulonephritis(LGN) group, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) group and lupus nephritis(LN) group had higher serum VEGF level than the control group, respectively, with no difference among the above groups. The patients without taking immune inhibitors had higher serum VEGF level than the control group,while no difference was observed between the patients taking immune inhibitors and the control group.Patients with glomerulonephritis had a significantly lower serum VEGF level after receiving immunosuppression aggressive therapy than before. The serum VEGF level of nephrotic syndrome in nephrotic phase was higher than in remission stage. In membranous glomerulonephritis serum VEGF correlated positively with 24-hour proteinuria excretion. The serum VEGF level correlated positively with anti-dsDNA Ab titer and the concentration of ? globulins in LN. Conclusion Cytokine VEGF is involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, and in the occurrence and progression of proteinuria. Immunosuppression therapy can inhibit the expression of VEGF. In LN patients, the serum VEGF level is related to LN activity.

Objective:To screen the best formula of tegafur temperature-sensitive gel for intratumor injection and investigate the in vitro drug release behavior. Methods:The drug dose was determined by cytotoxicity experiment. The thermo-sensitive gel was prepared with PLGA-PEG-PLGA and HPMC as the matrix. With the in vitro release as the index, the effects of PLGA-PEG-PLGA and HPMC at different concentrations on gel were investigated. The gelation temperature, viscosity and pH were detected. Results:The best formula was as follows:25% PLGA-PEG-PLGA, 1% HPMC, and tegafur dose of 1 mg·ml-1 . The average gelation temperature was 36. 7℃, the average viscosity was 7550 mPa·s, and the average pH was 7. 2. Conclusion:Tegafur thermo-sensitive gel for intratumor in-jection shows temperature sensitivity and obvious sustained-release property, which provides experimental basis for the further clinical research.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the fluctuation of blood glucose and the macrovascular complication of atherosclerosis (AS) in diabetic patients.METHODS:The individuals with different glucose tolerance were observed by continuous glucose monitoring for 3 days including the mean blood glucose (MBG) and its standard deviation (SD),mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) and absolute means of daily differences (MODD).In addition,the intima-media thickness (IMT),intima smoothness as well as AS scores were measured respectively in bilateral common carotid arteries by means of high resolution B mode ultrasonography.RESULTS:The incidence of macrovascular complications in the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was significantly higher than those in the subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT),and a significantly difference between group IGT and T2DM was observed.The indexes detected by B mode ultrasonography were all increased gradually from NGT to IGT,then to newly diagnosed T2DM.The values of glycemic excursion were higher in IGT and T2DM group,especially in the subjects with diabetes than those in NGT group.In addition,multiple regression analysis showed that MAGE was significantly correlated with mean IMT and AS scores.CONCLUSION:Blood glucose fluctuation is associated with atherosclerosis.The patients with a larger range of blood glucose excursion have higher risks for developing atherosclerotic complications.The impaired glucose stability is a possible risk factor for atherosclerotic macroangiopathy in diabetes.

To preliminarily study the pro⁃angiogenic activity of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts against hu⁃ man umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and the transcriptional level of potential pro⁃angiogenic factors. Methods The hydatid cysts and protoscolex derived from experimentally infected mice were collected and cultured in vitro，then the human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated by the supernatant and cyst fluid respectively，and the angiogenesis was observed and analyzed through a microscope and the angiogenesis mode of the software NIH Image J. Meanwhile，the mouse homologous proteins of matrix metalloproteinase⁃9（MMP⁃9）and high mobility group box B1（HMGB1）were identified in E. granulosus genome through sequence alignment，and their transcriptional levels in the cyst wall and protoscolex were analyzed. Results The culture supernatant of hydatid cysts significantly promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cells into tubes（F = 73.03，P < 0.001），the transcriptions of MMP⁃9 and HMGB1 were detected in the cyst wall and protoscolex，and the transcriptional level of MMP⁃9 was higher in protoscolex（t = -11.65，P < 0.001），while the level of HMGB1 was higher in hydatid cysts（t = 6.43，P = 0.003）. Conclusion Some parasite⁃derived pro⁃angiogenic molecules may exist in the supernatant of E. granulosus hydatid cysts，while further researches are required into their exact mechanisms.

Objective To explore the effect of general intervention in improving the psychological condition of healthy pregnant women. Methods Totally 96 pregnant women who made prenatal visits in our obstetrics and outpatient department were divided into the control and the intervention group stochasti-cally. The intervention group started from first prenatal visit. The general intervention measures included cognitive intervention, the behavioral intervention, family coping intervention and psychological intervention with self-designed relaxation exercises. While conventional prenatal visit, propaganda and nursing were im-plemented to the control group.Self-made general questionnaire and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90)were used to survey and analyze the results. Results Post-natal depression and anxiety of the control group was obviously higher than that of the prenatal. The Post-natal obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, terror and bigotry in the intervention group were greatly alleviated. Com-pared with the control group, obsessive-compulsive symptom, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility and terror of the intervention group were significantly different (P<0.05). The depression improved while the difference was not evidently differenL Conclusions Delivery had great influence on the psychological status of women,especially anxiety and depression. General intervention measures like psychological relax-ation exercises can improve the psychological condition of healthy pregnant women obviously,especially de-pression.

Objective To explore the changes of gut microbiota in response to abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy and its potential relationship with intestinal infection.Methods Irradiation was delivered to the abdominal region of BALB/c mice,following the regular human pelvic-radiotherapy protocol,2.0 Gy/d,continuous 5 d/week.Samples of ileum tissue and the intestinal content were collected at different time points of irradiation procedure,including after 3 and 5 weeks,and at 1 week after 6 weeks of irradiation.Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA level of antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammtory factors.Bacterial translocation was determined by PCR.The gut microbiota was characterized by the denaturing gradient electrophoresis assay.Results The expressions of cryptdin-1 and cryptdin-4 were decreased after 3 weeks of irradiation and at 1 week after 6 weeks of irradiation(t =-7.43,-3.54,-4.72,-4.27,P ＜ 0.05),while they were significantly increased at the 5 weeks of radiation (t =6.15,5.75,P ＜ 0.05).The diversity index and richness of gut microbiota after 3 or 5 weeks irradiation were significantly decreased (t =-3.49,-4.19,-3.44,-4.97,P ＜ 0.05).The gut microbiota dysbiosis of the irradiated mice was characterized with the decrease of probiotics of Lactobacillus and the increasing of opportunistic pathogen of Escherichia coli,Shigella flexneri,et al.Bacterial translocation episodes were more frequently in the irradiated mice than that of control animal.The mRNA levels of IL-1β、IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased after 3 or 5 weeks of irradiation (t =4.85,6.16,7.71,4.60,4.86,5.97,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control,the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α at the 1 week after 6 weeks of irradiation ending was also obviously enhanced (t =3.67,5.88,P ＜0.05).Conclusions Pelvic radiotherapy can induce abnormality of enteric antimicrobial peptides and may result in gut microbiota dysbiosis.The disturbed gut microbial flora may further trigger an incurrence of bacterial translocation and enteritis.Therefore,the gut microbiota may be a potential interfering target to alleviate radiotherapy adverse effect.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of benzoyl peroxide gel(BPG)with different concentrations in the treatment of acne vulgaris,and to compare the quality between the domestic products with imported products.Methods The study was an open-controlled clinical trial.The patients were divided into4groups:imported2.5%,5%,10%gel and domestic5%gel.All preparations were ap-plied twice daily for6weeks.Study visits took place at baseline and week2,4and6.Results Different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide gel were effective for inflammatory lesions.The longer the course of treat-ment and the higher the drug concentration were,the better global clinical efficacy was,and the optimum concentration was5%or10%.In addition,the higher the drug concentration was,the higher adverse reac-tion rate was.Transient and mild local skin irritation occurred but was well tolerated by the patients.The imported benzoyl peroxide5%gel was as effective as domestic benzoyl peroxide5%gel,but the adverse re-action rate was less than the latter.Conclusion Different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide gel are all ef-fective and safe in the treatment of acne vulgaris,with the optimum concertration is5%or10%.

Objective To investigate the effect of early rehabilitation on rats' motor performance after moderate or severe experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods After adult Sprague-Dawley rats had received moderate or severe TBI,they were randomly assigned to either a 24 hour exercise group (group A),a 3-day exercise group (group B),a 7-day exercise group (group C) or a control group.Each group was composed of 8 rats.The exercise group endured forced treadmill training on an electric treadmill for 14 consecutive days initiated 24 hours,3 days or 7 days post TBI.The foot-fault and cylinder tests were performed on the 6th,12th,18th,24th and 28th day post injury.On the 28th day the rats were sacrificed and the brains were removed and frozen.The frozen coronal brain sections were stained with cresyl violet (CV) for quantitative evaluation of cortical lesion volume.Results The rats in groups B and C showed significant decreases in the percentage of left forelimb foot faults compared with the control group at the 18th,24th and28th day after injury.In addition,the rats of group C demonstrated significant decreases in the percentage of left forelimb foot-fault at the 12th day after injury.There was no significant difference between group A and the control group in terms of foot fault scores in any of the subsequent test sessions.In the cylinder test the forelimb use asymmetry scores of neither group A nor group B were significantly different from the control group.Group C showed marked locomotor asymmetry improvement at day 28 post-injury.There was no significantly different loss of hemispheric tissue between those groups.Conclusion After treadmill exercise for 14 consecutive days initiated at 3 or 7 days following moderate or severe TBI,rats' motor function improved.The cortical lesion volume was not associated with recovery of motor function.

The search for a nonthrombogenic material with the potential for use in small diameter vascular graft applications continues to be a field of extensive investigation. This article describes the choice of biomaterials used as vascular prosthesis, the innovation of construction of tissue-engineered blood vessels, the indispensability, methods and the effect produced by surface modification of vascular prosthesis. The article also points out that research achievements of vascular prosthesis must be made with the exploitation of new nonthrombogenic biomaterial and the development of tissue engineering.
Biocompatible Materials ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Prosthesis Design ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Engineering