Objective To conduct surveys on nursing managers'pre-post training needs in the country.Methods Self-made questionnaires on nursing managers'pre-post training and the managerial skills of nursing managers in the next five years were used to conduct surveys on 1 004 nursing managers in 77 domestic hospitals.Results Among those surveyed,45.8% of the heads of nursing departments and 54.2% of the head nurses had no pre-post training while 94.5% of those surveyed deemed it extremely necessary for nursing managers to receive pre-post training.Conclusion It is essential for nursing managers to get pre-post training,which ought to be conducted at various levels,with different focal points, and according to their needs.Such training should be gradually conducted in a standardized and systematic way.

Objective Among the factors affecting embryo implantation, oxidative stress is one that receives much medical attention. The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of H2 O2 on the endometrial stromal cells ( ESCs) in the decidual mouse model of oxidative stress of ESCs. Methods Primary ESCs cultured by enzymatic digestion with a mesh filter were divided into a control, an experimental, and a model group. Decidualization was induced in the mice of the experimental and model groups by inter-vention with 10 nM E2 and 1μmol/L P4 for 72 h in vitro. Then, the animals of the model group were treated with different concentra-tions of H2 O2 for 4 hours. The primary ESCs were identified by immunohistochemistry, the expression of dPRP mRNA determined byRT-PCR, the proliferation of the decidual ESCs treated with H2 O2 analyzed by CCK-8, and the level of ROS detected by flow cytometry. Results Primary mouse ESCs were successfully isolated, cultured, and identified, which were shaped like spindles and polygons, radial-ly aligned under the microscope. Immunofluorescence analysis showed positive expression of vimentin and negative expression of cytokeratin. The purity of the primary mouse ESCs was ( 96. 3 ± 0. 49 )%. Theexpression of dPRP mRNA was significantly higher in the ESCs treated with E2 and P4 than in the control (0.0002±0.0000 vs 1.0010±0.0011, P<0.01). H2O2 at ≥150μmol/L suppressed the proliferation of the decidual ESCs by 6.9% (P<0.05), and in a concen-tration-dependent manner, reaching the maximum inhibition rate of 70.6% at the concentration of 300μmol/L. The level of intracellular ROS was markedly increased in the ESCs treated with H2O2 at 50μmol/L (27.77±4.20) and 100μmol/L (43.57±6.58), with statisti-cally significant difference from that in the control group (17.47±0.61) (P=0.001). Conclusion H2O2 at 100μmol/L can signifi-cantly elevate the intracellar ROS level without affecting the proliferation of decidual primary ESCs, and therefore can be used for estab-lishing the model of oxidative stress of ESCs in decidual mice.

Objective To study the mechanisms of Re Bi granule on treating RA.Methods Make SD maleness rats Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis(AA)which was derived by Freund's complete adjuvant(CFA)as investigation object.Make Wang Bi granule as positive control medicine,and divide it into six groups(blank group,model group,control group,Infusion of Re Bi granule high dose group and midst dose group and low dose group).Observe Re Bi granule's influence and mechanism to synovial cell apoptosis and T cell subsets.Results Re Bi granule could distinctly heighten synovial cell apoptosis ratio of AA rats,heighten CD8+cell's number and reduce CD4+cell's number,lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio,adjust T cells for two-way.Conclusion Re Bi granule not only is an effective treatment way for rheumatoid arthritis,but also can improve the abnormal immune status.

Objective To investigate the myocardium protective effect of immunoinflammatory response induced by preinfarction angina. Methods Eighty-eight patients of acute myocardial infarction were divided into preinfarction angina group (48 subjects) and sudden onset group (40 subjects). The incidence of severe arrhythmia,heart failure,cardiac shock and in-hospital mortality were assessed in the two groups. The myocardial infarction size,ventricular function,coronary angiography were compared between the two groups. Some immunoinflammatory markers levels were detected. Results In preinfarction angina group,the incidences of severe arrhythmia,heart failure,and in-hospital mortality were lower (P

New registry classifications of chemical drugs redefined the concepts of new drugs and generic drugs. New drugs emphasize the international innovation including innovate new drugs and modified new drugs. Modified new drugs are improvement of drugs already on the market to achieve superior efficacy. With the advantages of high success rate,high return,low risk and long life cycle,modified new drugs have become the mainstream of new drugs research and development in the world. Modified new drugs R&D in China should be based on clinical demand and focused on the differentiation research in order to obtain new preparations with signif-icant clinical advantages to better serve the clinical practise. This paper states the concept and characteristics of modified new drugs in China,makes case analysis and shares the development history of blockbuster modified new drugs in the world,clarifies the opportuni-ties and challenges and provides ideas for the future development of modified new drugs in China.

Objective To establish an animal model of dermatophytosis and to evaluate antifungal efficacy on dermatophytosis with this model. Methods Animal models of dermatophytosis were established by inoculating dermatophyte suspension onto abraded skin on the back of guinea pigs. Thirty- eight healthy guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups, namely, Trichophyton mentagrophytes group (infected with T. mentagrophytes), and Microsporum canis group (infected with M. canis), and each group was classified into three subgroups, i.e., itraconazole group treated with oral itraconazole of 4 mg per kilogram body weight per day from day 0 to day 14 after infection, terbinafine group treated with oral terbinafine of 5 mg per kilogram body weight per day from day 0 to day 14 after infection, and untreated group receiving no therapy. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to skin lesion score and fungal examination results on day 8, 11 and 14 after infection. Results Obvious lesions were observed and fungal examination was positive in untreated, infected pigs on day 8 after infection. In T. mentagrophytes-infecyted pigs, the skin lesion score on day 8, 11, 14 was 9, 1 and 0 in itraconazole group, 8, 5, and 1 in terbinafine group, 48, 52, 40 in untreated group, respectively, and there was significant difference between treated and untreated groups on the three time points (all P<0.01); the mycological cure rates on the above time points were 66.7%, 83.3%, 83.3%, in itraconazole-treated pigs, 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3%, in terbinafine-treated pigs, 0, 0, 0 in untreated pigs, respectively, with no significant difference between itraconazole and terbinafine group (all P>0.05) but statistical difference between untreated and treated groups (all P<0.01) on all time points. Meanwhile, in M. canis-infected pigs, the skin lesion score on day 8, 11, 14 reached 3, 0, 0 in itraconazole group, 9, 2, 0 in terbinafine group, 46, 47, 39 in untreated group, respectively, and mycological cure rates 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3% in itraconazole group, 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3% in terbinafine group, 0, 0, 0 in untreated group, respectively; significant difference was noticed in the two parameters between the treated and untreated groups (all P<0.01) but not between the two treated groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Itraconazol and terbinafine exhibit similar excellent antifungal activity in routine model of T. mentagrophytes-and M. canis-dermatophytosis.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic significance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM)for atypieal breast cancer findings.Methods Seven hundred-eighteen cases with breast cancer were examined using FFDM and atypical mammographic findings were found in 134 cases.Craniocaudal (CC)view and mediolateral oblique(MLO)view were conducted for each patient.Mediolateral view or spot view Was achieved if necessary.Preoperative localization Was conducted for the patients with nonpalpable breast cancer8.Results (1)The masses with well.circumscribed margin on mammography were more common in infiltrating duetal carcinoma(22/106),mucinous carcinoma(8/10),medullary carcinoma (5/6),and increased with age and reduction of the mass density.(2)Long spieulation,architectural distortion,patchy high density were mainly found in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 30-40(24 cases),41-50(34 cases)years old patients.Long speculation wag mainly found in 30-40 years old patients (10/30).(3)Hish homogenous density and subcutaneous edema in the entire breast and mass-like area were most ffequendy found in infiltrating ductal carcinoma at 30-40(2 cases)and 41-50(5 cases)years old.High density and subcutaneous edema were only found in dense breast(8 cases).Conclusion The atypical findings of breast cancer in foil-field digital mammography are associated with the pathological type of cancer.patient age and the gland density of the breast.

Clinical data of 80 patients with renal failure due to under detected causes(from January 1998 to June 2007)were retrospectively analyzed.Of 66 patients with acute renal failure(ARF),rhabdomyolysis was found in 45,tumor in 15,anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)related vasculitis in 2,infective endocarditis in 2,and hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2.Of 14 patients with chronic renal failure(CRF),primary hypothyroidism was seen in 3,multiple myeloma in 4,amyloidosis in 2,analgesic nephropathy in 3,and renal tuberculosis in 2.

Objective:To evaluate the vital signs changes,influence factors in different grades of hy-pertension patients during the treatment of acute pulpitis,in order to obtain the risk prevention measures. Methods:In this study,90 different grades of hypertension patients with acute pulpitis were recruited from February 201 4 to February 201 5 in the Department of Oral Emergency,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.The information about the patients’general health,oral treatment,life signs of change information was collected.Patients were divided into high risk group,middle risk group, and low risk group (30 patients for each group).Results:(1 )Compared with the preoperative,systolic blood pressure (90%),diastolic blood pressure (80%),heart rate increase (1 00%)were increased in the high risk group.The increase rates of the middle risk group and the low risk group were significantly lower than those of the high risk group (P<0.01 ).At the same time,the systolic blood pressure of 1 /4 (26.7%)patients in high risk group increased more than 20 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.1 33 kPa),and the diastolic blood pressure of 2/5 patients in high risk group increased more than 1 0 mmHg,the difference was statistically significant compared with the other two groups (P<0.05).(2)Compared with the pre-operative,the average increase of the maximum peak were increased [systolic blood pressure (1 8.0 ± 1 .5)mmHg,diastolic blood pressure (8.0 ±1 .7)mmHg],the mean of heart rate changes [(7.0 ± 0.3)beats per minute]was also increased in the high risk group,while these two indicators were de-creased in the low risk group and the middle risk group.The electrocardiogram (ECG)was changed in 6 cases during the treatment in the high risk group.No significantly changed were observed in the low risk group and the middle risk group.(3 ) Compared the risk assessment in preoperative with that in postoperative,in the middle risk group,23 cases were evaluated as medium risk in final evaluation,6 as low risk,and 1 as high risk (risk assessment increased);in the high risk group,20 cases were evaluated as high risk,7 as very high risk,and 3 as medium risk (risk assessment decreased).Conclusion:Oral treatment is very safe for patients with hypertension,but the risk factor,target organ damage,and com-plications will also increase the risk of cardiovascular events in elderly patients during the acute pulpitis treatment.Dentist should take some measures to avoid the risks.

Objective To study the expression of tumor stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)in invasive bladder cancer tissue and to clarify its relationship with the biological behavior of bladder cancer. Methods The ALDH1 expression in 109 cases of primary invasive carcinomas specimens (case group)and 20 cases of normal bladder tissue surrounding cancer (control group)was detected by immunohistochemistry. At the same time,the ALDH1 expression in 6 cases of metastatic pelvic lymph node tissue and 20 cases of non-metastatic pelvic lymph node tissue was detected. The relationship between the ALDH1 expression and the chinicopathological charateristics of invasive bladder cancer and its influence in the survival rate and disease-free survival were analyzed. Results The positive rates of ALDH1 expression in bladder cancer tissue and normal bladder tissue were 33.94%(37/109)and 5.00% (1/20),respectively,there was significant different between them (P<0.01);they were 19.05% (8/42)and 43.28% (29/67)in the cases with non muscle invasive and nmuscle invasive bladder cancer, respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.01);they were 13.04% (3/23)and 39.53% (34/86)in the cases of bladder cancer with low grade and high grade,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.05);they were 50.00% (3/6)and 12.90% (4/31)in the tissue of bladder cancer with metastatic lymph nodes and non metastatic ones,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.05);they were 50.00% (3/6)and 0.00%(0/20)in the metastatic lymph nodes and non metastatic ones,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.01).The overall survival rate in the patients with positive ALDH1 expression was 64.9% while it was 84.7% in negative ones,there was significant difference (P<0.05);the disease-free Survival was 51.4% and 75% in the patients with positive and negative ALDH1 groups,respectively,there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The high expression of tumor stem cell marker ALDH1 is associated with staging, grading and prognosis of invasive bladder cancer.ALDH1 may play a role in the tumorigenesis,progression and metastasis of bladder cancer.