Objective To investigate the clinical significance of urine transferrin in the type 2 diabetic nephropathy and primary chronic glomerular disease. Methods The level of TRF and UAER in the urine of 114 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 108 patients with CGD and 30 healthy patients was measured by rate nephelometry and analyzed. Results Urine TRF significantly increased earlier than ALB at the early stage of DN; Linear correlation was found by correlation analysis between the level of TRF in urine level and the quantity of protein in urine. Conclusion TRF in urine obviously increased at the early stage of DN. It was more sensitive than UAER to reflect the early renal injury of DM. A statistically significant correlation was found between the TRF level and the quantity of protein in the urine.

Objective To observe the effects of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation(TEAS) at zusanli on fatigue after training.Methods 40 soldiers with exercise fatigue after marine training were divided into 2 groups.The soldiers in treatment group were treated with TEAS on Zusanli(ST36).Those in control group recovered naturally.Results The fatigue symptoms were improved,the consistency of the hemoglobin(HGB) were significantly increased,and the levels of lactic acid(LA) were significantly decreased in treatment group(P<0.01),which seemed better than that of the controls(P<0.05).Conclusion TEAS can facilitate the recovery from fatigue after training.

objective To investigate the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and transplantation of the stem ceils to repair rat hemisection spinal cord injury.Methods Adherent culture was used to isolate and culture rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).The rat spinal cord homogenate supernatant was used to induce neural differentiation of the 3rd generation ceils.The nature of ceil differentiation was identified by immunohistochemistry.The rat model of hemisection spinal cord injury was prepared and BrdU was locally injected to label the induced neurons.The distribution of living cells in the injuried spinal cord was observed at 5 weeks after cell transplantation.Results MSCs were spindle and polygonal,with 1-2 nucleoli seen under the inverted microscope.After induction with spinal cord homogenate supernatant there were a number of slender cytoplasmic projections forming interwined network and showing nestin expression,therefore,indicating the neuronal nature.MSCs at 5 weeks after transplantation into the spinal cord injury were surviving and their expression of MAP-2,NF,GFAP was significantly higher than that in the control rats(P<0.05).The rat motor function was improved than before transplantation.Conclusion MSCs induced by spinal cord homogenate supernatant can be transplanted into hemisection spinal cord injury and improve the motor function of the injuries lesions.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics, the laboratory profile (CD4+ and CD8+ counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio) and the efficacy of antifungal treatment in HIV/AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Methods Oral lesions were evaluated among 20 HIV/AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and the controls who were HIV-negative patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Samples were obtained from the lesions for fungal examination by microscopy and culture. The flow cytometry was used for detection of CD4+ and CD8+ counts in peripheral blood. Treatment efficacy of itraconazole was assessed among study group and the control group after treatment for one week, two weeks, at the end of treatment, as well as two weeks after treatment. Results Out of 20 HIV/AIDS patients, 19 were infected with Candida albicans and one with Candida parapsilosis. Six cases had infection on the tongue and 14 on the mucous membrane of oral cavity. CD4+ and CD8+ counts, and CD4/CD8 ratio were 119.40?127.43, 652.50?338.57 and 0.163?0.13, respectively. Mycologic clearance rates were 16.67%, 50.00%, 61.11% and 66.67%, respectively, after treatment with itraconazole for one week, two weeks, at the end of treatment, and two weeks after treatment. Conclusions Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a complication occurred in HIV/AIDS patients, and Candida albicans is the most common pathogen of the infection. The tongue and mucous membrane of oral cavity are usually involved in the patients. The therapeutic efficacy is related to the status of immunity.

Aim To explore the effect of survivin in PC12 cells against injuries induced by cobalt chloride(CoCl_2).Methods PC12 cells were exposed to CoCl_2 at different doses in different time to set up the chemical hypoxia induced PC12 cells injuries model.Cell viability was tested by using cell counter kit-8.Dose-effect(200～1 000 μmol·L~(-1))and time-effect(0～48 h)relationship between hypoxia induced by CoCl_2 and the expression of survivin was evaluated by western blot.Results PC12 cells viability was inhibited significantly by CoCl_2 in a dose and time dependent manners;At the concentrations from 200 to 600 μmol·L~(-1) CoCl_2 for 24 h,survivin expression was upregulated in a dose dependent manner,peaking at 600 μmol·L~(-1) CoCl_2 treatment,exceeding this concentration of CoCl_2,with dose increasing,survivin expression decreased.At the dose of CoCl_2 up to 1 000 μmol·L~(-1),survivin did not express basically;Treatment with 600 μmol·L~(-1) CoCl_2 in different time,within the range of 0～36 h,the expression of survivin enhanced in time dependent manner.But with the extension of time,survivin expression was declining; 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (2 μmol·L~(-1)),an inhibitor of Hsp90,not only decreased survivin overexpression but also obviously enhanced the injuries of PC12 cells induced by CoCl_2,which didn't damage PC12 cells alone.Conclusion Upregulation of survivin expression may be one of the endogenous defense mechanisms for PC12 cells against chemical hypoxia.

To improve thrombolytic effect, a fusion protein SFH composed of staphylokinase (SAK) and hirudin (HV) with blood coagulation factor Xa (FXa) recognition peptide as a linker, was designed. SFH showed improved thrombolytic effect and low bleeding in vivo. Two thrombus-targeting mechanisms might account for the above features of SFH. This study was designed to study the two thrombus-targeting mechanisms of SFH. ELISA and immunohistochemistry assay were used to study the improved thrombus selectivity of SFH and the results showed that SFH, compared with SAK, displayed higher affinity for thrombin and thrombin-rich thrombus. To verify the thrombus-targeting release of anticoagulant activity of SFH, FH-a derivative of HV with only FXa recognition sequence at N terminus of HV was designed and used in animal tests. In inferior vena cava thrombosis model, FH showed equal antithrombotic effect as HV, indicating that HV could be successfully released from FH by FXa cleavage in vivo. More importantly, no prolongation of plasma TT, APTT and PT were found in FH group, but significant prolongations were discovered in HV group. This revealed that the anticoagulant activity of FH was released in thrombus-targeting way and limited in the vicinity of the thrombus, and this could be extrapolated to SFH. In conclusion, the high thrombus affinity and thrombus-targeting release of anticoagulant activity of SFH assigned low bleeding risk to SFH.
Animals ; Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Factor X ; pharmacology ; Hirudins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Metalloendopeptidases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mice ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; methods ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Databases, Protein ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins ; chemistry

Objective:To evaluate the functional status and assistive facilities requirements for the elderly with disabilities in rural areas of Liaoning Province, and to provide reference for the configuration of assistive facilities and the construction of further rehabilitation management mode for the elderly with disabilities.Methods:A total of 929 disabled rural elderly people in 15 deep poverty-stricken areas in Liaoning Province from 2019 to 2020 were selected to evaluate the functional status and needs of assistive devices by using general information questionnaire, disability status questionnaire and assistive device evaluation form for disabled elderly people.Results:There were 149 cases (16.0%) with grade 1 disability, 465 cases (50.1%) with grade 2 disability, 178 cases (19.2%) with grade 3 disability and 137 cases (14.7%) with grade 4 disability. The elderly with disabilities mainly had difficulties in long-distance walking, bathing, toilet use, defecation control, short distance walking, squatting, and transfer. The proportion of disabled elderly was 89.8% (834/929), 84.9% (789/929), 82.6% (767/929), 79.9% (742/929), 76.6% (712/929), 76.1% (707/929) and 60.5% (562/929), respectively. With the increase of disability severity, bathing, short walking, metastasis, shopping and preparing meals accounted for the greater proportion of the elderly with disabilities, and the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.01). The elderly with disabilities had the greatest demand for wheelchairs, followed by mattresses for preventing stress injuries and four-legged walking sticks, with a demand rate of 56.3% (523/929),9.4% (87/929) and 7.0% (65/929), respectively. The elderly with different levels of disability had different needs on ordinary wheelchair, pressured-injury mattress, four-legged walking stick, stool chair, wheelchair with toilet seat and common walking stick, and the needs had statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The elderly with disabilities in rural areas of Liaoning Province are mainly moderate to severe, mainly physical disabilities, and have great obstacles in self-care and daily living activities, with the highest demand for ordinary wheelchairs, anti-stress injury mattresses and four-legged canes. In the future, further intervention measures and rehabilitation management models should be developed according to the assessment results of the functions and assistive devices of the elderly with disabilities in rural areas, so as to meet the nursing and rehabilitation needs of the elderly with disabilities and improve their life quality.

With the rapid advancement of science and technology, the application of 3D printing technology for personalized drug manufacturing is becoming increasingly sophisticated.Compared to traditional manufacturing technology, 3D printing can easily customize preparations with specific sizes, shapes and release behaviors for personalized drug use.This review summarizes the principles of several 3D printing technologies commonly used in drug manufacturing, lists the unique advantages and application examples of 3D printing technology for pharmaceutical preparation, analyses the current research status and development trends of the global industry of drug 3D printing, and summarizes the current problems and challenges facing drug 3D printing, aiming to provide some guidance for researchers of 3D printed drugs.

Breast clustered microcalcification (BCM) is one of the most critical X-ray signs of early breast cancer. However, due to the fact that BCM is very tiny and hidden, and manual interpretation is susceptible to subjective factors such as visual fatigue, manual diagnosis of dense BCM based on X-images suffers from a low detection rate, high false-negative rate, and high recall rate. In recent years, with the continuous optimization innovation of deep learning algorithms, and advancements of computer hardware technology, new hope has been brought to accurate diagnosis of BCM, which is expected to realize the accurate assessment of individual breast cancer risk. In this review, the research progress of deep learning for accurate diagnosis of BCM was summarized, such as full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), as well as the future developments in this field were discussed.