0.05).Maxillary incisors were easily to be affected,especially the maxillary central incisor.Crown fracture was the most common traumatic type.The combination of dental trauma and oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injury was experienced by 692 patients(71.0%).Conclusion: Dental trauma was one of the common diseases in oral emergencies.Knowledge of the etiological and clinical characteristics of emergency dental trauma could help us to treat them and make specific preventive measures.Clinical examination should be comprehensive and meticulous to avoid misdiagnosis,for emergency dental trauma often involving multiple teeth,and associated with different degrees of maxillofacial soft tissue injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of bifidobacterium (Bif) supplementation on acute inflammatory response in murine dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis, and its possible mechanism. Methods Mice were divided into four groups: control,DSS, salfasalazine (SASP) and Bif. The mice in groups DSS, SASP and Bif were fed with 5% DSS(w/v) solution for 7 days to induce colitis, and disease activity index (DAI) was calculated every day. The mice in group SASP were fed with SASP every day during inducing colitis, and the mice in Bif group were given Bif by oral gavage from 7 days before the experiment to the end of experiment. The expression of TNF-?、NF-?B P65 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in inflamed colon of each group was measured at the end of experiment. Results The mice in groups SASP and Bif showed a lower DAI than those in group DSS since the forth day to the end of experiment. There were lower level of TNF-? and MPO in murine inflammatory colon, and lower NF-?B P65 expression in nuclei of inflammatory cells in groups SASP and Bif than those in control at the end of experiment. Conclusions Treatment with Bif can effectively inhibit proinflammatory cytokine secretion and NF-?B activation in inflammatory cells, and decrease colonic inflammatory response in DSS induced colitis.

AIM　To quatitatively disclose the relationship between activity and structure of a new class of COX-II inhibitors containing dialkylphenyl-linked heterocyclic moieties. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventeen COX-II inhibitors from literature as a training set were investigated with the aim of developing a 3D-QSAR model using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). To reveal the pharmacophoric pattern, several modes of superimposition were explored. The significant model shows a higher ability to explain and predict the activity of COX-II inhibitors, with the cross-validation RCV2=0.718, non cross-validation R2=0.992, F=260.624, and SEE (standard error of estimate)=0.072. Three compounds were selected as a predicting set, the low deviations of calculated values from the measured ones suggesting a powerful predictive ability of the model. CONCLUSION　The 3D-QSAR explains the dependence of COX-2 inhibition upon the structures of the compounds. Some structure information for design of new COX-II inhibitors with higher activity has been given.

Patients with gastrointestinal diseases are more likely to exhibit malnutrition. Nutritional support is needed for those who are with malnutrition or at risk. Nutritional support can be categorized into enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition. With the widely application of nutritional support,more and more attention has been paid on its role in gastrointestinal diseases. It not only can improve the nutritional status,but also can alleviate the clinical symptoms to some extent and improve prognosis,which makes it a kind of extremely important treatment modality for gastrointestinal diseases. In this article,the advances in study on nutritional support of gastrointestinal diseases were reviewed.

We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 150 elderly patients with serious chronic congestive heart failure who admitted in 1986, 1996 or 2006, including medication treatment, hospital stay,and admission interval. The results indicated that before 1990s, digitalis, diuretics, and blood vessel dilating agents were more often used in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure(digitalis=100%,diuretics≥95%, blood vessel dilating agents>50%, β-blocker<10%, ACEI/ARB = 0% ). Since 1990s,the use of β-blocker, ACEI and ARB increased, which resulted in reduced hospital stay and increased admission interval(P<0.01). Our investigation suggests that evidence-based medication could be necessary in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of cholinergie receptor,an nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)α7 agonist,on trinitrobeazene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis in mice.Methods BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group,TNBS group,anabaseine(AN)as the agonist of nAChRα7(AN group),and chlorisondamine diiodide(CHD)as the antagonist of nAChRα7(CHD group).TNBS-induced colitis was produced at day 1,either 10 μg anabaseine or 1.5 μg chlorisondamine diiodide was administrated after the induction of colitis,and repeated on interval day till the mice were sacrificed at day 8.The myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity and level of tumor necrosis factors(TNF)-α in colonic tissue were examined by histological method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),respectively.Lamina propria mononuclear cells(LPMCs)were isolated,and NF-κB activation was further detected by Western blot.Results Compared with TNBS group,the tissue damage,MPO activity and concentration of TNF-α in mice treated with anabaseine were decreased[MPO activity:(7.6±2.1)U/mg vs(12.2±2.6)U/mg,TNF-α level:(396±98)pg/g vs(627±112)Pg/g],and NF-κB activation in LPMCs was inhibited.Whereas the MPO activity[(14.1±1.8) U/mg)]and concentration of TNF-α[(692±79)pg/g)]in mice treated with chlorisondamine diiodide were increased and NF-κB activation in LPMCs were amplified. Conclusion nAChRa7 agonist can inhibit colonic inflammatory response by down-regulating the consentration of TNF-α and inhibiting NF-κB activation.

This article was aimed to study the molecular network and bio-function ofBu-Fei-Yi-Shen (BFYS) decoction for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by bioinformatics analysis, in order to provide new ideas for research on pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicine compound prescription. Components of herbs in BFYS decoction were searched in the databases. Targeted proteins of each component were found from PubChem. Comparison analyses were performed on molecular network, bio-function and canonical pathways by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The results showed that there were 239 target proteins of BFYS decoction. There were 9 molecular networks of BFYS decoction. The top 3 networks' functions were Cellular Development, Energy Production, and Cancer. The top 3 bio-function of BFYS decoction were Cellular Growth and Proliferation, Cell Death and Survival, and Inflammatory Response. The top 3 canonical pathways of BFYS decoction were Cell Cycle:G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Signaling, and Cyclins and Cell Cycle Regulation. It was concluded that the search of target proteins for herbal compounds and bioinformatics analysis by IPA can be used to reveal the molecular network and bio-function of BFYS decoction.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD),is a group of chronic and relapsed inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract. Genetic factors together with immunological, environmental and infectious factors contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD,however,the precise etiology is still uncertain. Susceptibility genes have great impact on the occurrence,development,clinical phenotypes,and even follow-up treatment of IBD,which indicates the significant roles of genetic factors in this disease. In this article,the well-studied and newly found genes related to IBD and their single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were reviewed.

Objective To analyze fungal isolates from patients with superficial fungal infections during 1960-2006.Methods Fungal strains isolated from patients with superficial (mucocutaneous and cutaneous)fungal infections and identified in the Medical Mycology Clinical Laboratory,Department of Dermatology and Venereology,Union Hospital,from 1960 to 2006 (data from September 1991 to July 1992 were unavailable),were subjected to a classification and statistical analysis.Clinical samples for mycological examination were taken from outpatients or inpatients of different departments in hospitals of Hubei province and surrounding areas.Morphological,physiological and biochemical methods were applied for species identification.Results A total of 11 989 Candida strains were isolated,which belonged to 23 species and 16 genera.They fell into 3 groups,i.e.,dermatophytes,Candida and yeasts (including Malassezia),and non-dermatophyte moulds.Since 287 strains of moulds were suspected to be contaminating fungi,11 702 residual isolates were analyzed.Of the analyzed isolates,Candida species (5642/11 702,48.2％ )and dermatophytes (5279/11 702,45.1％ )predominated,followed by yeasts (449/11 702,3.8％) and Malassezia species (332/11 702,2.8％).The most frequently isolated species was Trichophyton rubrum (3865/11 702,33.0％),Candida albicans (3110/11 702,26.6％ ) and non-albicans Candida species (2532/11 702,21.6％ ).Dermatophyte strains were mostly isolated from lesions of smooth skin with an exception of palmoplantar and interdigit regions (1787/5279,37.7％).The most common dermatophyte species was Trichophyton rubrum,followed by Trichophyton violanceum.Candida was mainly isolated from mucous membrane lesions (4099/5642,72.7％),with Candida albicans being the predominant species.Conclusions Candida species and dermatophytes predominate in patients with superficial fungal infections during 1960-2006,with Trichophyton rubrum being the most common species.

Purpose: Reduced quality of life after cystectomy has made bladder preservation a popular research topic for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Previous research has indicated significant tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed before NAC to define the pathology, impacting the real evaluation of NAC. This research aimed to assess real NAC efficacy without interference from TURBT and apply combined modality therapies guided by NAC efficacy. Materials and Methods: Patients with cT2-4aN0M0 MIBC were confirmed by cystoscopic biopsy and imaging. NAC efficacy was assessed by imaging, urine cytology, and cystoscopy with multidisciplinary team discussion. Definite responders (≤ T1) underwent TURBT plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Incomplete responders underwent radical cystectomy or partial cystectomy if feasible. The primary endpoint was the bladder preservation rate. Results: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled, and the median age was 63 years. Patients with cT3-4 accounted for 75%. The median number of NAC cycles was three. Definite responders were 52.5%. The complete response (CR) was 10.2%, and 59.3% of patients received bladder-sparing treatments. With a median follow-up of 44.6 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 72.8%. Three-year OS and relapse-free survival were 88.4% and 60.0% in the bladder-sparing group but only 74.3% and 37.5% in the cystectomy group. The evaluations of preserved bladder function were satisfactory. Conclusion After stratifying MIBC patients by NAC efficacy, definite responders achieved a satisfactory bladder-sparing rate, prognosis, and bladder function. The CR rate reflected the real NAC efficacy for MIBC. This therapy is worth verifying through multicenter research.