The circadian levels of norepinephrine ( NE ) and dopamiae (DA) in the whole brain were determined spectrofluorometrically in control mice and in mice pretreated with ginseng saponin. All animals were adapted for a minimum period of 2 weeks to an environmental room equipped with, an automatically timed 12h-light and 12h-dark illumination cycle before experiment. Data obtained at 4 h intervals for 48h spans were analyzed by the mean cosinor method.It has been proved that the catecholamine concentrations in the brain vary diurnally. The whole brain NE and DA contents were highest during the middle of dark phase and decreased to a low levels after the onset of light phase. In administration of ginseng saponin altered the circadian pattern and ( or ) levels of brain catecholamine over controls. In order to check the above results reserpine was injected to mice. The levels of NE and DA remarkedly depleted at the times studied, and they showed a significant circadian rhythms as well.It seems that ginseng saponin selectively modulates the circadian variations of brain NE and DA, and its effects may be as a cosinor function of the time of day.

Objective By selecting the prescriptions of treating blood group incompatibility in modern literature, and exploring their regularity, to establish the overall thought of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment.Methods 90 articles on maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility were found.Statistical methods were adopted to summarize high frequently used medicines and formula. Results High frequently used medicines were Virgate Wormwood Herb, Baical Skullcap Root, Rhubarb, Cape Jasmine Fruit, White peony Alba, Chinese Angelica,Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome,Motherwort Herb,and Milkvetch Root, which were mentioned for 238 times in the literatures, occupying 72.79% of the total frequency. Conclusion Based on this result,heat-clearing and dampness-removing, activating blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis was setup as the principle for treating this disease.

Objective To investigate the distribution and evolvement of resistance profiles of the pathogens isolated from children diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods The pediatric patients who were diagnosed with UTI in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2001 to December 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective study.The clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and the pathogens were isolated by culture.Bacterial susceptibility test was performed by following a protocol of the standardized Kirby Bauer (KB) method.The enumeration data were analyzed by chi square test and the tendency of drug resistant rate was analyzed by curvilinear regression.Results A total of 10 686 pathogen strains were isolated during the past 10years.The major pathogen was Escherichia coli which counted for 38％ -56％ of the isolates.However,the proportion of Enterococcus faecalis (0 - 17％,F =34.075,P =0.000) and Enterococcus faecium (3 ％ - 15 ％,F =7.139,P =0.028) increased rapidly.The resistant rates of Escherichia coli to cefazolin,cefuroxime sodium,cefotaxime and ceftazidime were 35.8％- 62.3％(F=215.735,P=0.000),33.1％ -57.0％(F=70.674,P=0.000),19.0％ -56.5％(F=52.355,P=0.000) and 2.1％-23.5％(F=16.807,P=0.003),respectively.The resistant rate of Escherichia coli to ciprofloxacin was 23.4％ - 33.8 ％ (F=0.989,P=0.349),while the resistant rate of Escherichia coli to amikacin and cefoperozone/sulbactam were both less than 7％.There was no Escherichia coli isolate showing resistant to imipenem.The resistant rates of Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were higher than 60.0％ and 50.0％,respectively,while the resistant rate of Enterococcus faecalis to these two antibiotics decreased from 40.0％ to 9.6 ％ (F =17.497,P =0.009) and 60.0％ to 21.6％ (F=12.826,P=0.009),respectively.The resistant rate of Enterococcus faecium to nitrofurantoin decreased from 32 ％ (in the year of 2002) to 9.4％ (in the year of 2010,F=34.075,P=0.000) and the resistant rate of Enterococcus faecalis decreased from 9.2％ (in the year of 2005) to 1.4％ (in the year of 2010,F=7.139,P=0.028).The resistant rates to erythromycin were both higher than 75.0％ in both Enterococcus in recent 10 years.There was no Enterococcus isolates showing resistant to vancomycin.Conclusions Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the most common pathogens associated with UTI in children.The proportions of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium among the pathogens of UTI are increasing.The antimicrobial activity of ampicillin to Enterococcus faecalis keeps at a high level.However,there are few drugs can be used for treating Enterococcus faecium infection.

Objective To assess the prevalence of Campylobacter in the children with acute bacterial diarrhea in Shanghai.Methods Epidemiological survey.Totally 6 641 children with acute bacterial infectious diarrhea from outpatients and inpatients in Children′s Hospital of Fudan University were submitted to the investigation during January 2011 to December 2012.The Campylobacter was isolated from stool samples collected from subjects in micro aerobic environment and identified by both multi-PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF MS ) .Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were assayed by disk-diffusion method according to EUCAST standard.The isolates molecular typing was done by PFGE.SPSS16.0 was used to analyze the results.Results A total number of 6 641 subjects were enrolled, among them, 305 patients were infected with Campylobacter.The prevalence rate was 4.6%(305/6 641).Among the infected patients, 240 patients were infected with Campylobacter jejuni and 65 patients were infected with Campylobacter coli, the infectious rates of these two pathogenic bacteria were 3.6%and 1.0%, respectively.The peak infectious rate in patients older than 1 year of age was 6.2%(209/3 385) which was higher than that in children under 1 year of age (2.9%, 96/3 256),χ2 =35.98,P<0.001.The infectious rate in winter and spring (6.8%, 138/2 040) was higher than that in the other seasons ( 3.6%, 167/4 601 ) ,χ2 =28.59, P <0.001.Antimicrobial susceptibility test results showed that 91.5%( 279/305 ) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 11.8%( 36/305 ) isolates were resistant to erythromycin.A total of 9 genotypes of Campylobacter were found by PFGE cluster analysis.The similarity were ranged from 65.1%-100.0%for type A, 67.6%-100.0%for type B, 61.7%-100.0%for type C, 59.0%-100.0%for type D, 71.4%for type F, 80.0%for type H, 54.4%-90.9%for type I, and only one strain was classified as type E and G.Conclusions Campylobacter is a major pathogenic bacteria associated with acute bacterial infectious diarrhea in children especially in children older than 1 year of age in Shanghai.The prevalent pattern of this pathogen was sporadic and the sharp peak was in winter and spring.The isolates are highly resistant to ciprofloxacin but still sensitive to erythromycin.

Objective To study the effects of abiotic elicitors methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the alkaloids accumulation and related enzymes metabolism inPinellia ternata suspension cell cultures. Methods Using the leaf petioles-derived suspension cell cultures as the study object, the culture duration, concentrations of MeJA and SA were determined to get the optimal alkaloids accumulation, and the activities of metabolic enzymes IMP dehydrogenase and sAMP synthase were also measured.Results A 9-fold of dried biomass and a 3-fold of alkaloids accumulation were observed inP. ternata suspension cell cultures after culture for 21 d. Both MeJA and SA could significantly promote the accumulation of alkaloids inP. ternata suspension cells. 150 μmol/L MeJA enhanced alkaloids content (4.7 mg/gDW) by 3.6 folds in comparison with control group, whereas 50 μmol/L SA showed a 2.5-fold increase. Meanwhile, 100 μmol/L MeJA and 50 μmol/L SA promoted the increase in IMP dehydrogenase activity by 3.0 and 3.7 fold respectively, and 150 μmol/L MeJA and 100 μmol/L SA showed the increase by 2.6 and 4.4 fold respectively.Conclusion Proper adding exogenous MeJA and SA can promote the accumulation of alkaloids inPinellia ternata suspension cell cultures.

Objective To assess the diagnostic accuracy of solitary pulmonary nodules while selecting different backgrounds in 99 Tcm‐MIBI SPECT/CT examination .Methods Totally 38 suspected solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) were analyzed retrospectively .The lesions were divided into malignant group and benign group according to the pathological findings . We selected two different backgrounds , contralateral lung field ( DL ) and the contralateral soft tissue (NST) .The maximum counts and the mean counts of lesion to non‐lesion ratio (L/N) were calculated to evaluate diagnostic efficacy using ROC curve . The relationship between lesion size , pathological grading and L/N ratio was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis . Results With DL and NST as the backgrounds ,the maximum counts and the mean counts of L/N between benign and malignant groups both differed significantly (all P<0 .05) .ROC curve analysis showed as follows :With DL and NST as the backgrounds ,the area under the curve (AUC) of L/DL‐MAX ,L/DL‐MEAN ,L/NST‐MAX ,and L/NST‐MEAN was 0 .73 ,0 .78 ,0 .80 and 0 .86 ,respectively .By pairwise comparison ,there was no significant difference (all P>0 .05) .The size and pathological grading of SPN did not affect 99 Tcm‐MIBI accumulation in the SPN (all P>0 .05) .Conclusion DL and NST both can be used as the background in diagnosis of pulmonary nodules on 99 Tcm‐MIBI SPECT/CT examination .The mean counts of the contralateral tissue used as the background can provide a stable result and a high diagnostic accuracy to assess the SPN .

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of EIIIA + fibronectin in incised wound of rat’s skin and injury time. Methods The wounding model was established by cutting the dor-salskin of 48 adult SD rats. The rats were sacrificed atthe pre-setinjury time as immediately, 0. 5h, 1h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The skin sam ples were taken at the m argin of wound. The expression of the EIIIA + fibronectin was detected by im m unohistochem istry and W estern blotting and the relationship be-tween its expression and injury time was observed. Results The expression of EIIIA + fibronectin was not observed im m ediately. The basal cell of skin began to showpositive expression 0. 5 h after injury. W ith the extension of injury time, positive staining became stronger. The value of relative optical density was gradually increased with prolonged injury time by the W estern blotting analysis. Conclusion The expres-sion of EIIIA + fibronectin could be used for estimation of injury time in the early stage of skin injury.

There is no specific treatment for post-polio syndrome. The common applied therapies include mediciation, exercise, cogni-tive behavioural therapy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, Traditional Chinese Medicine, assistive technology, psychological and social factors adjustment, interdisciplinary comprehensive rehabilitation, and so on.

OBJECTIVE: Construct a recombinant plasmid pET28a-EDA-EDB, prepare the fusion EDA-EDB protein. METHODS: For the production of recombinant fibronectin EDA-EDB in Escherichia coli, the EDA and EDB segments were separated from pGEM2-EDA/EDB and recomposed with two additional amino acids, then cloned into the expression vector pET28a. pET system to express EDA-EDB fusion protein and 6 x His/Ni-NTA system to purify it in a single step were used. Western blotting confirmed the purified protein. RESULTS: The EDA and EDB segments were ligated and inserted into pET28a vector. EDA-EDB fusion protein was highly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Afterwards, it was purified by Ni-NTA resin and verified by western blotting. CONCLUSION EDA-EDB fusion protein can be expressed in pET system and purified by 6 x His/Ni-NTA system.
Blotting, Western ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Fibronectins/biosynthesis* ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification* ; Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification*

Objective: To study the effects of triptolide-medicated serum on secretory function of adrenocortical cells isolated from rats. Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, prednisone group, and low-, medium- and high-dose triptolide groups. Rats were administered with normal saline, prednisone and low-, medium- and high-dose triptolide respectively by gastrogavage to prepare sera containing drugs. Primary adrenocortical cells were isolated from normal male rats and cultured with sera containing drug for 48 hours. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was observed by immunohistochemical method and number of PCNA-positive cells was counted. Ultrastructure of adrenocortical cells was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Content of corticosterone in supernatant of adrenocortical cell culture was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to investigate the expression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) mRNA. Results: As compared with the control group, content of corticosterone in supernatant of adrenocortical cell culture and expression of 3beta-HSD mRNA were significantly increased in the triptolide-treated groups, and the numbers of PCNA-positive cells were increased in the medium- and high-dose triptolide groups, however, they were decreased in the prednisone group. Conclusion: Triptolide-medicated serum can increase the secretion of corticosterone in rat adrenocortical cells in vitro.