Objective To evaluate the efficacy of double flap reconstruction after craniectomy through transpetrosal-presigmoid approach in the treatment of petroclival tumor.Methods A total of patients with petroclival tumor were enrolled in this study.Craniectomy was performed on them through the transpetrosal-presigmoid approach,and then double flap reconstruction was carried out.After the temporo-occipotal free osseous flap(retrosigmoid flap)was obtained,the superficial flap of the mastoid process(presigmoid flap)was freed by grinding and drilling.During the operation,partial petrosectomy and mastoidectomy were avoided to protect the semicircular canals and cochlea.Results Among the 14 cases,radical resection of the tumor was performed on 8 patients,subtotal resection on 3,and partial resection on 3.Two patients developed CSF leak through the ear.No subcutaneous hydrops or intracranial infection was found in the patients.The patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months after the operation,during which no complications were detected.Conclusions The rates of CSF leak,subcutaneous hydrops,and intracranial infection are low after applying double flap reconstruction to craniectomy through the transpetrosal-presigmoid approach.The procedure are mini-invasive and safety.

1.98, P0.05). Conclusion Mono-side carotid sinus nerve block has no significant influence on hemodynamics of normal rabbits, but has reliable preventional and therapeutic role on hemodynamics instability caused by carotid sinus stimulation.

Objective: To screen the DNA barcodes for identifying the species in genus Aesculus Linn. Methods: The PCR amplification and sequencing efficacy, intraspecific and interspecific variation, and identification efficiency of nuclear ITS, ITS2, chlroplast psbA-trnH, rbcL, and matK sequences from 42 samples of 10 species in genus Aesculus Linn. were investigated. The screened sequences were determined by barcoding gap and NJ tree clustering analysis. Results: The PCR amplification and sequencing efficacy of psbA-trnH were 100%, the interspecific minimum variation was larger than the intraspecific maximum variation, and psbA-trnH had the highest identification efficacy. The psbA-trnH sequence had less polymerization of intraspecific and interspecific variation. By constructing the NJ tree, thorough verifying the three original plants could be used to separate with other related species. Conclusion: The psbA-trnH sequence is a powerful, though not perfect, barcode for the identification of species in Aesculus Linn.

Objective To observe the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation(RFA)with artificial pleural effusion for cancer of the liver located under the diaphragm.Method Fifteen lesions in 11 patients with cancer of the liver located under the diaphragm were treated by RFA with artificial pleural effusion,for which 500-1000 ml normal saline was injected into the pleural cavity.Results Artificial pleural effusion was finished successfully,the whole tumor for all of 15 lesions were visualized by ultrasound and the ideal puncture pathway were easy to find.The artificial pleural effusion was vanished within 1 week after operation.All of the lesions were treated with RFA and complete necrosis was obtained in 13(86.7%)of the 15 lesions by CT or MRI.No severe complication was observed.Conclusion RFA with artificial pleural effusion is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with liver cancer under the diaphragm.

Objective To investigate the rehabilitation conditions of the developmental disabled children.Methods 269 developmental disabled children were involved.Among them,237 children were with mental retarded disability,57 with physical disability and 26 with psychological disability.Questionnaire was used to estimate their condition and affecting factors.Results The prevalence of non-rehabilitation in mental retarded children was 71.31%,in physical developmental disabled children was 33.93%,and in psychological developmental disabled children was 42.31%.The rehabilitation measures focused on training and medical service,rarely on psychological service.The rehabilitation's affecting factors included singleton(P<0.01),maternal age(P<0.01),parental educational degree(P<0.05) and parental understanding of the rehabilitation(P<0.001).Conclusion The factors affecting rehabilitation are complicated,and what we should do now is to subside the poor family,propagandize the rehabilitation knowledge to the children's parents.

Objective To analyze the social and family factors influencing rehabilitation of mental retarded children.Methods 237 children diagnosed as mental retardation in 2004 in Beijing were researched with Self-designed Questionnaires and data were analyzed by Cross-tabs and Logistic Regression statistical method.Results The analysis showed that the degree of disabilities (P<0.001), education received (P<0.05), and the attitude from community to these children (P<0.05), were factors influencing rehabilitation of mental retarded children.Conclusion The degree of disabilities is the most important influencing factor to rehabilitation of mental retarded children; the mild or moderate mental cases can get good rehabilitation in a better community and family environment. The attitude to these children from community can make a great help to the rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the outcome of children with mental retardation after 3 years follow-up. Methods The subjects were 237 children with mental retardation, selected from Beijing Municipal Investigation for Children with Disability in 2004. Gesell Developmental Schedule and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were used to estimate the children's intelligence. Results After 3 years, the outcome showed non-mental retarded, 124 subjects (52.32%); mild mental retarded, 46; moderate mental retarded, 32; severe mental retarded, 16; profound mental retardation, 19. The related factors include urban/suburban (B=-0.622), parental knowledge about rehabilitation training (B=-0.470) and score of personal social interaction in Gesell Test(B=-0.040). Conclusion The outcomes of children with mental retardation are different. But some problems still exist even in non-mental retarded children.

Objective To analyze the etiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO).Methods A total of 372 patients with FUO who hospitalized in Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2003 to August 2013.All the patients were divided into two groups:group A (January 2003-December 2007) and group B (January 2008-August 2013).Diagnosis rate,duration of hospitalization (days) and time to diagnosis between the two groups were artificially compared.Results Of the 372 FUO cases,336 were positively diagnosed with a diagnosis rate of 90.3％.Infectious diseases were still the primary causes of FUO (60.2％),including 72 cases (32.1％) of tuberculosis.Connective tissue diseases accounted for 12.9％ of the FUO cases,malignancies were 8.3％,and miscellaneous diseases were 8.9％.Yet thirty six patients (9.7％) could not be confirmed until they were discharged from hospital.The duration of fever in patients with malignancies was longer than that with infectious diseases [60.0 (30.0,90.0) days vs 30.0 (20.0,60.0) days,P =0.003].Time to diagnosis of connective tissue disease and malignancies was longer than infectious diseases [(12.0 (7.3,18.8) days and 11.0 (7.0,18.0) vs 5.0 (3.0,8.0) days,both P values =0.000].The duration of hospitalization in group A was longer than that of group B [17.0(12.0,30.0) days vs 14.0(10.0,20.0) days,P =0.000].The diagnosis rate and time to diagnosis of group A were similar with those of group B.The proportion of connective tissue diseases in group A was higher than group B(18.1％ vs 9.2％,x2 =6.201,P =0.013).The proportion of infectious disease,malignancies and miscellaneous diseases was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions Infectious diseases are the major causes of FUO,and the most common cause is tuberculosis.Connective tissue diseases and malignancies are the second and third causes of FUO.The duration of fever and time to diagnosis are significantly different between the different origins.

Objective To explore the anatomy of optic microvascular and the transcranial microsurgicaloperative strategies for protection of optic nerve function during the operation of the resection of giant invasivepituitary adenoma.Methods Thirty-five patients with giant pituitary adenoma were treated by different surgicalapproaches according to preoperative imaging data.The tumors were removed by employing microsurgicaltechnique via the parachiasmal opticocarotid and carotidotentorial spaces in sellar region and by opening thelamina terminals.Much attention was given to the preservation of perforating arteries from the interal carotidartery,anterior and posterior communicating arteries and arterior choroidal artery to optic nerve and chiasmResults Total removal of tumors Was conducted in 25 cases.Subtotal removal was performed in 10cases.Anatomical preservation of the optic nerve was achieved in all the cases during the operation,with opticnerve function getting better in 20 cases,remaining unchanged in 2 cases,no improvement in 7 cases and gettingworse in 6 cases.Conclusion A reasonable surgical approach is a prerequisite for the giant invasive pituita~adenoma surgery.Understanding the anatomical characteristics of microvascular in the sellar region,carefulprotection of the optic nerve,optic chiasm and microvascular,skilled microsurgical technique during the operationis key to prevent post-operative complications of optic nerve function.

AIM:To establish the GC fingerprint of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution.METHODS:The volatile constituents of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution were analyzed by capillary GC with FID detector using hydrodistillation and hexane extraction under n-hepladecane used as the reference substance.RESULTS:GC fingerprint of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution,16 common peaks were established on the basis of systematic methodology after 10 batches of samples were tested.Variation in the relative retention time of 16 identified common peaks were within 0.5% range.CONCLUSION:The analytical method for Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution is precise and reliable.The research would be helpful to offer an effective pattern for quality control of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution.