Objective To explore imaging fingdings of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PVS. Methods Imaging data of 12 patients with PVS confirmed by operation and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.12 cases were all examined with X-ray and MR imaging,5 cases examined with CT.Results In total 12 cases, swelling of soft tissue was seen in 8 cases on plain films.CT showed subcartilaginous bony erosion in 3 cases.MRI showed synovium nodular hyperplasia irregularly, deposition of paramagnetic hemosiderin-containing in all cases,and the invasion of ligament in 5 cases , menisci in 1 case and infrapatellar fat pad in 3 cases; subcartilaginous and cartilaginous erosion in 3 cases, joint effusion in 9 cases. Conclusion PVS has typical imaging characteristics,PVS can be diagnosed accurately with MRI.

Objective To investigate the impact of multi-drug transporters including P-glycoprotein (PGP) and multi-drug resistance associated protein (MRP) on concentration of lamotrigine in the extracellular fluid in hippocampus of epilepsy rat models induced by pilocarpine, and to deduce the multi-drug resistance mechanisms in refractory epilepsy. Methods The epilepsy rat models were established by repeated administration (by ip) of pilocarpine. A microdialysis probe was placed into the hippocampus of the epileptic rats and dialysate was collected at five time-points from 30--150 minutes after systemic injections of lamotrigine (10 mg/kg). The concentration of lamotrigine in the extracellular fluid in the hippocampus was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then PGP inhibitor verapamil and MRP inhibitor probenecid was added individually through microdialysis probe and the concentration of lamotrigine was detected again. Results Compared with control group (0. 41 ± 0. 10 in 60 minutes, 0. 50 ±0.04 in 90 minutes, 0. 39 ±0. 09 in 120 minutes and 0. 30±0.06 in 150 minutes), verapamil significantly increased the concentration of lamotrigine in extracellular fluid of the hippocampus 60--150 minutes (0. 65 ±0. 11, 0. 84 ± 0. 09, 0. 70± 0. 09 and 0. 58 ± 0. 08 respectively) after injection (F value were 5.01, 8.61, 10. 23 and 7.89, all P < 0. 05) and probenecid also enhanced the concentration of lamotrigine 90--150 minutes (0. 75 ± 0. 09, 0. 58±0. 10 and 0. 49±0. 07) after injection (F = 6. 58, 4. 56, 4. 75, all P < 0. 05). Conclusions Penetration of lamotrigine through blood-brain barrier in pilocarpine induced epilepsy rats is restricted by PGP and MRP, resulting in decreased concentration of lamotrigine in the extracellular fluid of the hippocampus. Therefore, increasing expression of PGP and MRP in brains of epilepsy patients might be an important mechanism involved in multi-drug resistance in refractory epilepsy.

Objective To study the effect of inhibitors of the multidrug transporters including P-glycoprotein (PGP)and multi-drug resistance-associated protein(MRP)on the regulation of concentration of oxcarbazepine in the extra-cellular fluid of the hippocampus after pilocarpine induced seizures in rats.To investigate whether oxcarbazepine are sub-strate for PGP and MRP and whether brain expressions of PGP and MRP are involved in muhidrug resistance mechanisms of refractory epilepsy.Methods The epileptic rats model were established by repeated peritoneal injection treatment with pi-locarpine.Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups:control group,pilocarpine epileptic model group,verapamil treated group and probenecid treated group.At 30,60,90,120 and 150 min following systemic injection of oxcarbazepine (80 mg/kg),dialysate was collected and the concentration of oxcarbazepine in the extracellular fluid of hippocampus was determined by microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography technique.Results After systemic injection of oxcarbazepine,the concentration of oxcarbazepine in extracellular fluid of the hippocampus during 90～150 min(1.26±0.09、0.93±0.10)were much higher in verapamil treated group than in pilocarpine epileptic model group(0.87±0.06、0.66±O.04)(P<0.05)and the concentration of oxcarbazepine in the hippocampus during 60～150 min(1.07 4±0.11、1.32±O.13、1.02±0.10、0.87±0.08)were higher in probenecid treated group than in pilocarpine epileptic model group (0.81±0.08、0.87±0.06、0.66.4±0.04、0.58±0.06)(P<0.05).Conclusions Oxcarbazepine are substrates for PGP and MRP and,penetration of oxcarbazepine through blood-brain barrier are restricted by PGP and MRP.Increased expres-sions of PGP and MRP in brain maybe involved in the mechanisms of multidrug resistance of refractory epilepsy.

Background and Objectives: This study was to investigate the role of microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and its relationship with steroid-associated osteonecrosis. Methods: and Results: The online tool GEO2R was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE123568 dataset. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-29a-3p, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (OCN) and RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the hBMSCs isolated from the patients with steroid-associated osteonecrosis. CCK-8 assay was executed to measure cell viability; western blot assay was utilized to detect FOXO3, ALP, Runx2, OCN and β-catenin expression. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the sub-cellular localization of β-catenin. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to confirm whether miR-29a-3p can combine with FOXO3 3’UTR. MiR-29a-3p was markedly up-regulated in the hBMSCs of patients with steroid-associated osteonecrosis, while FOXO3 mRNA was significantly down-regulated. Transfection of miR-29a-3p mimics significantly inhibited the hBMSCs’ proliferation, osteogenic differentiation markers’ expressions, including ALP, Runx2, OCN, and repressed the ALP activity, as well as promoted cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. FOXO3 was identified as a target gene of miR-29a-3p, and miR-29a-3p can inhibit the expression of FOXO3 and β-catenin, and inhibition of miR-29a-3p promoted translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus. Conclusions MiR-29a-3p can modulate FOXO3 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling to inhibit viability and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, thereby promoting the development of steroid-associated osteonecrosis.

Objective To study the effect of acupuncture combined with clean intermittent catheterization in the treat-ment of neurogenic bladder. Methods A total of 46 patients were randomly divided into test and control groups. There were 23 patients in the each group. The clean intermittent catheterization only used in the control group. However inte-grated acupuncture and clean intermittent catheterization were used in the test group. Final the residual urine volume and the incidence of bacteriuria were researched after 5 months. Results There were 17 cases restored the micturating function in the test group, however only 7 cases in the control group. There were 3 cases suffered bacteriuria in the test group, but there were 11 cases suffered bacteriuria in the control group. The difference between the two groups was sta-tistical ly significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Combined acupuncture with clean intermittent catheterization can effi-ciently maintain the normal function of bladder, decrease the residual urine volume, and reduce the incidence of bac-teriuria.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) at different follow-up time points in Chinese women and the relationship with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.

METHODSBiopsy-confirmed CIN1 women were followed up from cervical cancer screening cohorts established during 1999 to 2008 in Xiangyuan county, Yangcheng county, Qinxian county and Wuxiang county, Shanxi Province.In each follow-up visit, participants were examined by visual inspection with acetic acid, liquid-based cytology and HR-HPV DNA testing. Those with any positive results received colposcope and biopsies. The cumulative incidence rates of CIN grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3+), regression rates and persistent rates were calculated using pathological findings as a gold standard. The risks of progression related with HR-HPV were evaluated stratified by baseline and follow-up HR-HPV status.

RESULTSA total of 228, 224, 261 and 105 CIN1 women received the 1-year, 2-year, 6-year and 11-year follow-up exams, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of CIN2+ among baseline HR-HPV positive women was 4.8% (6/126), 10.7% (16/150), 16.9% (29/172) and 35% (19/55) in the above follow-up visits, respectively, and their risk of progression was 2.7(95%CI:0.3-22.0), 2.9 (95%CI:0.7-12.1), 12.0 (95%CI:1.7-86.2) and 30.6 (95%CI:1.9-493.5) times higher than baseline HR-HPV negative women. Moreover, the cumulative incidence of CIN2+ among women with positive HR-HPV both at baseline and follow-up visit was 11% (6/55), 14% (6/42), 17% (10/60) and 50% (13/26) in the above follow-up visits, respectively.No new CIN2+ cases were found among those with negative HR-HPV both at baseline and follow-up visits.

CONCLUSIONGiven that CIN1 progression is related to HR-HPV infection, different follow-up intervals and strategies for CIN1 should be taken according to HR-HPV infection status.

Aged ; Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiological profiles of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and the major enteroviruses causing the epidemics of HFMD in Shanghai from 2010 to 2014.

METHODThe city-wide surveillance data between 2010 and 2014 were used to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of the HFMD outbreaks in Shanghai. The annual incidence of HFMD was estimated based on the 2010 Shanghai Census data.

RESULTFrom 2010 to 2014, the reported HFMD cases were 41 080, 37 323, 51 172, 42 198, and 65 018, respectively; the severe cases (case-severity ratio) were 469 (1.14%), 456 (1.22%), 318 (0.62%), 104 (0.25%) and 248 (0.38%), respectively. Based on Shanghai census data by the end of 2010, the attack rates of HFMD in Shanghai were 0.16%-0.28% in the entire population. In terms of the proportion of HFMD cases and severe cases in the specific population, male accounted for 59.62%-61.48% and 62.26%-73.08%, migrant population accounted for 51.86%-62.40% and 72.01%-80.38%; children aged 1.0-1.9 years comprised the highest proportion, up to 22.70%-27.00% and 32.08%-36.40%. HFMD peaked from April to July, in parallel with the peak circulation of enterovirus (EV) 71, and a small peak usually occurred in autumn and winter. All the critically severe and fatal cases were caused by EV71. The detection rates of EV71 and Coxsackievirus A (CA) 16 were 73.08%-88.09% and 1.12%-2.90% in severe HFMD cases, 19.75%-48.74% and 2.02%-23.69% in uncomplicated inpatients, and 16.78%-40.08% and 8.36%-33.39% in mild community cases, respectively. The detection rates of CA6 and CA10 in the mild community cases in 2014 were 18.38% and 1.43%, respectively. In 2013 non-EV71 and non-CA16 enteroviruses comprised 74.86% in the community cases.

CONCLUSIONThe annual HFMD outbreaks occurred in Shanghai during 2010-2014. Children under 5 years of age, migrant population and male were the major susceptible population. EV71 and CA16 were the predominant pathogens causing the epidemics of HFMD except in 2013, and CA6 was prevalent in the community cases in 2014. The major peak season of HFMD usually overlapped with the peak of EV71 circulation and the majority of severe HFMD cases were associated with EV71 infection.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Seasons