Objective To observe the effect of auricular point sticking plus breast massage with rehabilitation apparatus on lactation in the puerperant. Methods Totally 127 in-hospital primiparae were randomized into a treatment group of 62 cases and a control group of 65 cases. The control group was intervened by conventional nursing care, while the treatment group was by auricular point sticking plus breast massage with rehabilitation apparatus in addition to the conventional nursing care. The lactation yield, initial lactation time, and the change of prolactin (PRL) were observed. Results There were significant differences in comparing the lactation yield grading and initial lactation time between the two groups (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in comparing the serum PRL level on the postpartum day 1, 2, and 5 between the two groups (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). Conclusion Auricular point sticking plus breast massage with rehabilitation apparatus can promote milk secretion, the initial lactation time, PRL production, and the breast feeding rate.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the registration success rate of new drug research and develop-ment(R&D)enterprises after adjusting drug registration system in China. METHODS:The national drug policies,regulations and related documents were comprehensively studied and combed to explore the main contents of drug registration system adjustment and its effects on the R&D forms,drug patent and on-site verification. The suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:The adjusted drug management system showed new definitions for new drugs and generic drugs in China,as well as de-tailed requirements and regulations for drug R&D conditions,process and on-site inspection. It enhanced the protection of patents and patentees. The new drugs should be assessed its market value and clinical advantages. Data contents and requirements for drug registration declaration were made the relevant adjustments. New drug R&D enterprises should develop drug listed license manage-ment system as early as possible based on the implementation of listed license management system pilot,improve its efficiency and benefit. The new drug R&D should notice the clinical efficacy and demand of market,focus on the drugs with good clinical effica-cy in common diseases,frequently-occurring diseases and major diseases;and those for treating rare diseases,the elderly and chil-dren disease can use easy access or fast track to accelerate the speed of drug registration. New drug R&D enterprises should im-prove the R&D conditions,and standardize the management of development process to ensure the effective and smooth develop-ment.

The development of society raises demands for high-level talents,which requires high level post graduate education.The model of post graduate education is changing from research centered to professional skill centered.The research centered program has a long history and has gained consensus,while the professional skill program is still new.To address the social and economic needs,we explored the professional skill centered post graduate program and report our experience here.

Objective To explore the X-ray radiation dose to patients from different cardiovascular interventional procedures and analyze the dose-affecting factors.Methods In accordance with the A,B,C operators,442 patients undergoing cardiovascular interventional procedures were collected,including single coronary angiography (CAG),percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ),radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA),congenital heart disease intervention (CHD) and permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation (PCPI),to observe dose area product (DAP),cumulative radiation dose (CD),fluoroscopy time.Results CD values of patients in groups of CAG,PCI,RFCA,CHD,PCPI were (0.34 ±0.23),(1.33 ±0.76),(0.71 ±0.43),(0.27 ±0.22) and (0.92±0.42) Gy and DAP values were (34.18 ±23.33),(135.92 ±81.14),(79.79 ±50.66),(27.93 ±23.66),and (94.60 ±48.11 ) Gy·cm2,respectively.Fluoroscopy time were (4.82 ±3.73),( 16.64 ±9.01 ),( 17.04 ± 15.29),(9.60 ±5.97)and (7.31 ±6.45) min.DAP values and fluoroscopy time were highly correlated (r =0.84,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions There is significant difference in radiation dose for cardiovascular interventional procedures.Radiation dose and fluoroscopy time are directly related to surgeons' proficiency in operations.Improvement of operation proficiency should be carried out to reduce the patients' radiation dose.

This study was aimed to optimize the alcohol precipitation techniques for honeysuckle extract in order to standardize the production of honeysuckle extract of Qingkailing Injection and reduce the differences among batches. The orthogonal test was applied in this study. The content of chlorogenic acid and galuteolin were taken as compre-hensive indicators. Multi-index comprehensive scoring method was used in the data analysis. Three influencing fac-tors, which were the fluid temperature, the stirring speed and the speed of adding alcohol, were optimized in the al-cohol precipitation techniques. The results showed that the optimal alcohol precipitation techniques were when the fluid temperature was 20℃, the stirring speed was 240 rpm and the speed of adding alcohol was one time of the ma-terial per minute. It was concluded that the optimized alcohol precipitation process was stable and feasible.

Objective To investigate the effects of early sucking a lollipop and pacifier to improve the recovery of gastrointestinal function in infant after gastrointestinal operation. Methods The infants after gastrointestinal operation were divided into four groups according to the random number table method, namely group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Four groups were given different interventions in addition to routine nursing care after anesthesia awake, group Ⅰsucked a lollipop,while groupⅡsucking pacifier. Intervention time of 2 groups were 20-30 minites. GroupⅢsucked the pacifier 20-30 minites first, then sucked a lollipop 20-30 minites. Each group was given one intervention every 4 hours until infant eated. Group Ⅳ was given no interventions. Bowel sounds recovery time, first bowel movement time for the first time were compared. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 82 infants completed the clinical observation. Bowel sounds recovery time of group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were (28.54±9.93), (34.10±9.43), (28.50±9.52) h, while first bowel movement time were (50.02±11.60), (57.65±15.28), (49.97±15.46) h, which were earlier than group Ⅳ whose bowel sounds recovery time and first bowel movement time were (39.55 ±11.22) h, (65.43 ±14.78) h. The bowel movement time and first bowel movement time of group Ⅲ were earlier than that of groupⅡ (P<0.05), but groupⅠandⅢhad no obvious difference (P>0.05). Conclusions Infants early sucking a lollipop and pacifier after gastrointestinal operation help gastrointestinal function recovery, but the lollipop is superior to the pacifier, lollipops and no interaction between pacifier.

With the continuous expansion of the enrollment of international medical students and the improvement of teaching quality, as well as the rapid development of rehabilitation medicine in China, rehabilitation medicine has become one of the required courses for in-ternational medical students. In view of the main problems suffered by the international medical undergraduate students in the study of reha-bilitation medicine, we mainly focused on the education concepts, teaching management and quality evaluation system, curriculum setting, construction of teaching materials, teacher training, teaching mode, teaching research and so on. The aim is to provide reference for improv-ing education quality in the course of rehabilitation medicine for the international medical students.

Objective To investigate behaviors of nurses on pressure ulcer prevention,exploring the related factors of pressure ulcer prevention behaviors. Methods With cross-sectional survey,a self-made questionnaire of nurse′s pressure ulcer prevention behaviors was used to investigate nurses′behaviors. Results The overall score of behavior was(43.97±8.95)points,standard score from high to low were risk assessment (6.98 ± 1.69) points, incontinence care (6.66 ± 1.51) points, Health education (9.61 ± 2.50) points, position and reposition (9.21 ± 2.19) points, supporting surface (11.51 ± 3.20) points. Different department (Z=-2.379, P<0.05), job title (χ2=11.601, P<0.01), past experiences of learning pressure ulcer knowledge(Z=2.474,P<0.05),latest learning time(Z=-2.399,P<0.05),caring number of pressure ulcer patients (χ2=17.338, P<0.01) had different scores. Multiple linear regression analysis of behavior indicated that recent education time from now was the influential factor, which can explain 15.5% of the variation in prevention behavior. Conclusions Nurses′ pressure ulcer prevention behaviors need to be improved, with nurse whose recent studying time was less than one year showing better preventive behavior. Nurse′s behaviors got worse when they didn′t get education for a long time, which indicated that the frequency of training should be enhanced.

Objective To study the associations of acute cerebral infarction after spontaneousintracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with white matter lesions (WMLs),cerebral artery stenosis and bloodpressure (BP) variability.Methods One hundred and fifty-five acute ICH patients,consecutivehospitalized within 24 h of onset from March 2012 to September 2015,were chosen;they were dividedinto infarction after ICH group and non-infarction after ICH group according to hyperintensities remotefrom the hematoma by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) within 4 weeks of onset;according to positions of hemorrhage,they were divided into lobar hemorrhage group and non-lobarhemorrhage group;according to reduction range of mean arterial pressure (MAP) one h within admission,they were divided into intensive BP lowering group (MAP lowering by ≥20％) and non-intensive BPlowering group (MAP lowering＜20％).The clinical and radiological characteristics were analyzed toinvestigate the role of WMLs,cerebral artery stenosis and BP variability in acute cerebral infarction after spontaneous ICH.Results Ischcmic infarcts were detected in 36 of 155 patients (23.2％),mostly located at ipsilateral subcortical cortex;80.6％ of them were asymptomatic infarct and 66.7％ of them were lacunar infarcts.Positions of hemorrhage and severity of leukoaraiosis were significantly different between infarction after ICH group and non-infarction after ICH group (P＜0.05),while the cerebral artery stenosis was not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05).Stratified analysis showed that leukoaraiosis in patients from infarction after lobar ICH group was significantly severer than that in those from non-infarction after lobar ICH group (P＜0.05),and the cerebral artery stenosis in patients with infarction after non-lobar ICH was significantly severer than that in those with non-infarction after non-lobar ICH (P＜0.05).Intensive BP lowering patients with cerebral artery stenosis ≥ 50％ group had significantly increased risks of acute ischemic infarcts as compared with intensive BP lowering patients with cerebral artery stenosis＜50％ group,non-intensive BP lowering patients with cerebral artery stenosis ≥ 50％ group,and non-intensive BP lowering patients with cerebral artery stenosis＜50％ group,respectively (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that lobar hemorrhage and moderate to severe leukoaraiosis were independent risk factors of cerebral infarction after ICH (OR=2.484,95％CI:1.037-5.953,P=0.041;OR=2.426,95％CI:1.045-5.629,P=0.039).Conclusion Cerebral infarction after ICH is mainly associated with cerebral small vessel diseases,intensive BP lowering is associated with high risk of acute ischemic infarcts in patients with atherosclerotic large artery stenosis,and individualized BP control may maximumly reduce secondary brain injury after ICH.

Acute liver failure is a serious and complex liver disease with a high short-term mortality rate. Its pathogenesis remains unknown and there is still a lack of effective drugs. Animal models play an important role in further revealing the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and the therapeutic mechanism of drugs, and the selection of experimental animals and preparation methods is the key to the effective implementation of research. This article summarizes the commonly used and new animal models of acute liver failure in recent years and the corresponding preparation methods and divides the animal models of acute liver failure into following four categories: chemical drug model, surgical model, infection model, and other models. Meanwhile, the above models are evaluated based on Terblanche and Hickman evaluation criteria for liver failure models, hoping to provide a reference for model selection and evaluation in basic research on this disease.