The system constitutes,clinical application,technical superiority and development trends of stetreotaction radiosurgery platform--CyberKnife are described.With application of horizontal contrast method,the comparison in three types of equipment CycberKnife,X knife,? knife on clinical application to prove CyberKnife has lot of the characteristics including non-invasive,no bleeding,no infection,no anesthesia;little pain with patients,short treatment time,the smallest ratio of healthy tissue exposed to the rays,precise treatment,particularly important function of intracranial small injury and fewer postoperative complications,such as the clinically achieved good treatment effect.

The development of society raises demands for high-level talents,which requires high level post graduate education.The model of post graduate education is changing from research centered to professional skill centered.The research centered program has a long history and has gained consensus,while the professional skill program is still new.To address the social and economic needs,we explored the professional skill centered post graduate program and report our experience here.

Objective To evaluate the security and biocompatibility of a new kind of absorbable high-strength PDLLA-CPP composite, which is used for internal fracture fixation. Methods According to the national standard of the procedure of appraise in food security and toxicology, micronucleus test of bone marrow cell, spermatic aberration test, chromosomal aberration test, and teratogenic test were measured with IP maximal tolerance dose of maceration extract from PDLLA-CPP composites. Meanwhile, chondrocyte culture with PDLLA-CPP composite was used to evaluate the effect of PDLLA-CPP composite on cartilage cell proliferation. Results Micronucleus test of bone marrow cell, spermatic aberration test, chromosomal aberration test, and teratogenic test were not affected by IP maximal tolerance dose of PDLLA-CPP maceration extract. PDLLA-CPP composite also had no cytotoxicity on cartilage cell proliferation. Conclusion PDLLA-CPP is a new and safe medical material with good biocompatibility and absorbability.

Objective To study the treatment of neonate-infants after open-heart surgery during perioperafive period.Methods The clinical data of 1619 neonate-infants during perioperative period were analyzed.Results 68 cases died,mortality 4.2%.Postoperative complication 190 cases(11.7%).Conclusion The management of components and quantities of the infusion,admistration of cardiovascular drugs,the management of respiratory tracts and the protection of heart function,ale main points of perioperafive therapy of neonate-infants after open-heart surgery.

Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the efficiency of coupling peptides to gold nanoparticles via 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride-N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC-NHS).The experiment conditions including buffer solution, pH value and concentrations of buffer solution, concentrations of NHS and EDC, concentration ratios of NHS to EDC, and coupling reaction time on the coupling efficiency were investigated and optimized.The experimental results indicated that the optimized experimental conditions were as follows: 25 mmol/L HEPES buffer solution, pH 7.0;2∶1 of concentration ratio of NHS to EDC, 0.4 mol/L NHS, 0.2 mol/L EDC, and coupling reaction time of 24 h.This study may provide references for the relative research involving coupling peptide or protein with gold nanoparticles

Background It has not been reported that if the visual cortex M receptor changed during the development of myopia and how it changed if given acupuncture treatment.Objective The aim of this study was to observe the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation on the expression of acetylcholine receptors M1 (AchRM1) in visual cortex of guinea with lens-induced myopia (LIM).Methods Forty-eight three-week-old healthy guinea pigs were randomized into the normal control group,the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group.The right eyes of the guinea pigs were selected as the experimental eyes.LIM was created by monocularly wearing of-10 D lens for 4 weeks in the right eyes in the LIM model group and LIM electroacupuncture group,and then the acupuncture at the temple and hegu point was performed for 30 minutes per day for consequent 4 weeks,in the LIM electroacupuncture group.The fellow eyes of the guinea pigs were used as the self-control eyes.The refractive power and axial length were examined with retinoscopy and A-type sonography before and 4 weeks after modeling,respectively.The animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia at the fourth week after acupuncture and visual vertex tissue was obtained.The expression of M1 receptor mRNA in visual vertex was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the content of M1 receptor protein in visual vertex was assyed by ELISA.The study protocal was approved by Animal Ethic Committee of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and the use and care complied with Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results At the fourth week after modeling,the mean diopters were (-3.24±0.28) D and (-3.30±0.45) D in the LIM model group and the LIM eleetroacupuncture group,which were significantly higher than (0.83 ±0.86)D in the normal control group (both at P=0.000),and there was no significant difference in the diopter between the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group (t =0.200,P =0.659).The mean axial lengths were (8.67 ±0.14) mm and (8.60±0.06) mm in the LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group,which were considerably increased in comparison with (8.33±0.08)mm in the normal control group (both at P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of AchRM1 mRNA in visual cortex were 0.79±0.18,1.36±0.23 and 1.13±0.13 in the normal control group,LIM model group and LIM electroacupuncture group,and the relative expression level of AchRM1 mRNA in the LIM electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the normal control group and lower than that of the LIM model group (both at P＜0.05).In addition,the contents of AchRM1 receptor protein in the visual cortex were 248.00±33.31,455.17±42.40 and 396.17±47.57 in the normal control group,LIM model group and the LIM electroacupuncture group,with a similar pattern among the groups (both at P＜0.05).Conclusions A electroacupuncture stimmulation do not affect the myopic diopter and axial length in LIM model.The AchRM1 and AchRM1 receptor in the visual cortex up-regulate in LIM eyes,infering that electroacupuncture stimmulation can improve vision by decreasing the level of AchRM1 receptor in visual cortex in LIM eyes in guinea pigs.

Objective To campare the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules in the differential diagnosis of adnexal tumors . Methods For the 101 suspicious malignant adnexal tumors discovered by conventional ultrasound ,IOTA simple rules and CEUS were performed before operation . Tumors were divided into benign ,uncertain and malignant according to IOTA simple rules . Tumors were scored by CEUS according to the membrane integrity ,coating thickness uniformity ,separation enhancement ,enhance strength ( no enhancement ,low enhancement ,equal or high enhancement) ,and enhanced performance( uniform and non-uniform) . The ROC curve was drawn with the pathological results as the gold standard ,and the best boundary value was obtained . Finally ,the diagnostic efficiency of the diagnostic methods were analyzed . Results ①According to the ROC curve analysis ,the area under the curve of IOTA simple rules was 0 .757( P ＝0 .000) . When the uncertainty type was classified as benign ,the random index was 0 .41 ,the sensitivity was 61 .54% ,and the specificity was 79 .59% . When the uncertainty type was classified as malignant ,the random index was 0 .31 ,the sensitivity was 96 .15% ,and the specificity was 34 .69% . When the uncertain types were excluded the Youden index was 0 .77 ,the sensitivity was 76 .19% ,and the specificity was 89 .47% . ②The differences in the membrane integrity , coating thickness uniformity , separation enhancement , enhance strength , enhanced performance between benign and malignant tumors were statistically significant( P ＜ 0 .01) . ③According to the ROC curve analysis ,the area under the curve of CEUS was 0 .914( P ＝ 0 .000) ,cut-off value was 3 score . The Youden index ,sensitivity and specificity of evaluating benign and malignant adnexal tumors were 0 .80 ,78 .85% and 91 .84% respectively . ④ The tumors evaluated as benign by IOTA simple rules was classified as benign . The tumors evaluated as malignant by IOTA simple rules were classified as malignant . The tumors evaluated as uncertain by IOTA simple rules and scored less than or equal to 3 points according to CEUS were classified as benign . The tumors evaluated as uncertain by IOTA simple rules and scored more than 3 points according to CEUS were classified as malignant . According to the ROC curve analysis ,the area under the curve of CEUS combined with IOTA simple rules was 0 .831 ( P ＝0 .000) . The Youden index ,sensitivity and specificity in evaluating benign and malignant adnexal tumors were respectively 0 .66 ,86 .54% and 79 .59% respectively . Conclusions CEUS has a higher diagnostic efficiency than IOTA Simple Rules and the two combined in the diagnosis of adnexal tumors .

Objective: By comparing different repairing effects of different methods on articular cartilage defects in rabbit model, the ability of a new bioactive glass scaffold to repair cartilage defect was studied. Methods: We prepared the PSC/CS bone cement by mixing the bioactive glass (BG) powder composed of 10.8%P₂O₅-54.2%SiO₂-35%CaO (PSC), chitosan solution (CS) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH), then the bone cement was sized by a mold to form cylindrical scaffold. In vivo experiment, 18 male rabbits were divided into three groups randomly, including blank group, BG group and TGF-β1 group, which was added TGF-β1 into BG scaffold. Both knees of each rabbit were made cartilage defect for the same group, and no intervention was applied in B group, then implanted scaffolds into defects in both experimental groups. At 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, observed the macroscopic growth, histologic staining and collagen II immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) and Wakitani score were used to analyze the experimental results quantitatively. Results: At 6 weeks after surgery, there was no obvious difference between blank group and BG groups, but the macroscopic result of TGF-β1 group was better than the other two groups and its ICRS score 4.67±0.52 points was statistically higher than BG group 2.83±0.75 points (t=-2.817, P=0.015). As to the comparison of histologic staining and Wakitani socre among three groups, no statistical difference was observed (blank group=13.67±0.52, BG group=13.83±0.41, TGF-β1 group=13.33±1.03). At 12 weeks after surgery, there was still no obvious difference between blank and BG groups, while the results of macroscopic observation and ICRS score in TGF-β1 group were significantly higher than them 9.01±0.63 points (blank group vs TGF-β1 group: t=-2.289, P=0.022; BG group vs TGF-β1 group: t=-2.326, P=0.020). More importantly, much deeper positive staining were observed in TGF-β1 group, and the Wakitani score was higher than the other two groups (blank group=9.83±1.33, BG group=9.51±1.05, TGF-β1 group=6.50±1.38, blank group vs TGF-β1 group: t=-2.771, P=0.007; BG group vs TGF-β1 group: t=-2.756, P=0.006). By comparing the degree of histologic staining and Col II expression with normal cartilage, the regenerated tissue in TGF-β1 group was similar. Conclusion Single PSC/CS scaffold doesn’t possess excellent ability to repair cartilage defect. When TGF-β1 was added into PSC/CS bioactive glass, the scaffold was able to promote cartilage defect repair, and the regenerated tissue was similar to normal cartilage.

Candida glycerinogenes WL2002-5 (C.g) is an important industrial strain for glycerol production. To further improve glycerol production, we reconstructed a binary vector pCAM3300-zeocin-CgGPD1, introduced it to Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by electroporation, and then transformed the T-DNA harboring the CgGPD1 to Candida glycerinogenes by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). After 96 h fermentation with glucose as the substrate, we screened a transformant named C.g-G8 with high glycerol production. Compared with the wild strain, the glucose consumption rate of C.g-G8 and the glycerol production were 12.97% and 18.06% higher, respectively. During the fermentation, the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of C.g-G8 was 27.55% higher than that of the wild strain. The recombinant Candida glycerinogenes with high glycerol production was successful constructed by ATMT method.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; enzymology ; genetics ; Candida ; genetics ; metabolism ; Electroporation ; Fermentation ; Glycerol ; analysis ; metabolism ; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic

Background: Twenty-four-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) measurement is the initial diagnostic test for Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We compared UFC determination by both direct and extraction immunoassays using Abbott Architect, Siemens Atellica Solution, and Beckman DxI800 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, we evaluated the value of 24-hr UFC measured by six methods for diagnosing CS. Methods: Residual 24-hr urine samples of 94 CS and 246 non-CS patients were collected.A laboratory-developed LC-MS/MS method was used as reference. UFC was measured by direct assays (D) using Abbott, Siemens, and Beckman platforms and by extraction assays (E) using Siemens and Beckman platforms. Method was compared using Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plot analyses. Cut-off values for the six assays and corresponding sensitivities and specificities were calculated by ROC analysis. Results: Abbott-D, Beckman-E, Siemens-E, and Siemens-D showed strong correlations with LC-MS/MS (Spearman coefficient r = 0.965, 0.922, 0.922, and 0.897, respectively), while Beckman-D showed weaker correlation (r = 0.755). All immunoassays showed proportionally positive bias. The areas under the curve were 0.975 for Abbott-D, 0.972 for LCMS/MS, 0.966 for Siemens-E, 0.948 for Siemens-D, 0.955 for Beckman-E, and 0.877 for Beckman-D. The cut-off values varied significantly (154.8–1,321.5 nmol/24 hrs). Assay sensitivity and specificity ranged from 76.1% to 93.2% and from 93.0% to 97.1%, respectively. Conclusions Commercially available immunoassays for measuring UFC show different levels of analytical consistency compared to LC-MS/MS. Abbott-D, Siemens-E, and Beckman-E have high diagnostic accuracy for CS.