Objective:To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory activity and the safety of ethanol extract of wild Artemisia rupestris L. (EEWAR). Methods:Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) from C57BL/6 mice were treated with different concentrations of EEWAR in vitro and the expression of CD40 and CD80 on BMDCs was detected by flow cytometry. ICR mice were subcutaneously immunized with different concentrations of EEWAR in combination with ovalbumin (OVA) or OVA alone. Aluminum adjuvant was used as the positive control. OVA-specific IgG antibodies in mouse serum samples were measured by ELISA following immunization. T cell proliferation in spleen tissues was detected by MTT method. Acute toxicity test was conducted in ICR mice to analyze the safety of EEWAR. Results:In vitro experiment showed that EEWAR at the concentrations of 10-20 μg/ml increased the expression of CD40 and CD80 on BMDCs ( P<0.05), and had no significant effect on the morphology of BMDCs; EEWAR at the concentrations of 100-200 μg/ml significantly promoted the expression of CD40 and CD80 on BMDCs ( P<0.01), but had a certain influence on the morphology of BMDCs. In vivo experiment showed that EEWAR enhanced the production of IgG, IgG 1 and IgG 2a antibodies against OVA and the proliferation of splenocytes ( P<0.05). In the acute toxicity test, EEWAR at the concentrations of 50-5 000 μg/ml had no side effects on mouse body weight and was relatively safe. Conclusions:EEWAR could promote the maturation of DCs and enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses when used as an adjuvant to OVA. It was safe in a certain dose range. This study provided reference for further research on EEWAR as a new-generation adjuvant.

Objective To investigate the effect of chemotherapy on ovarian function in young patients with malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary after conservative surgery.Methods 15 patients (11～29 years old) with ovarian malignant germ cell tumors were treated by ovarectomy and the following chemotherapy.Their menstruation and serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2) levels and basal antral follicle(F0) numbers were observed from the duration of chemotherapy to one year after chemotherapy.The serum levels of FSH,LH,E2 and basal antral follicle numbers between the chemotherapy-related amenorrhea(CRA) patients and the patients with benign tumors of ovary who underwent unilateral adnexa removed at the same period(control group,n=10) were compared.Results Oligomenstruation occurred in 13 of 15 cases undergoing chemotherapy after conservative surgery(86.7%),in whom CRA occurred in 10 cases(66.7%) at the duration of 4-6 cycle chemotherapy appearing significantly rising serum level of FSH,LH and declining serum E2 level and F0 numbers.There was a significantly positive correlation between the frequency of amenorrhea and the duration of chemotherapy(r=1.000,P=0.01).Generally menstruation resumed around 2～3 months after chemotherapy.Ahhough the serum levels of sexual hormone seemed to be normal at half a year after chemotherapy in CRA patients,the serum FSH(8.30±1.46 mU/ml) and E2(80.50±7.86 ng/L) level were significantly increased as compared with that of the control group and the reverse was found in Fo numbers(3.80±1.04) (t Fo,FsH,E2=7.660,5.277,7.225;P F0,FSH,E2<0.001,<0.001,<0.001).One year after chemotherapy,serum hormone level and the ovary reserve function of the CRA patient came to be normal[FSH=(5.59±0.52)mU/ml,LH=(5.25±0.84)mU/ml,E2=(56.50±5.13)ng/L,Fo=(6.50±1.08)] and that of control group [FSH=(5.43±0.35)mU/ml,LH=(5.17±0.48)mU/ml,E2=(58.10±3.73)ng/L,F0=(6.60±0.97)](t=1.177,0.694,0.505,0.740;P>0.05,>0.05,>0.05,P>0.05).Conclusions Ovarian function impairment may occur in young patients in adolescence and sexual maturity period with ovarian malignant germ cell tumors who were treated by conservative surgery followed by chemotherapy.Although the CRA is reversible,the recovery of menstruation does not meail the recovery of ovarian funetion.because the ovarian impairment may continue to a duration of half a year after chemotherapy.The drug which can safeguard ovariall function should be considered during chemotherapy.

Objective To study the correlation between alanie aminotransferase(ALT) unqualified samples and hepatitis B sur‐face antigen(HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti‐HCV) detection and to investigate an effective measure for reducing the discard rate of donated blood .Methods 330 633 blood samples donated by volunteers in Shenzhen Municipal Blood Center from January 1 ,2009 to December 31 ,2013 were performed the ALT ,HBsAg and anti‐HCV detection .Then the correlation between the detection results of ALT and viral hepatitis .Results Among 33 0633 donated blood samples ,there were 932 cases (0 .282% ) of ALT positive and 2 965 cases (0 .897% ) of viral hepatitis positive ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .915 cases were unqualified in ALT ,but negative in viral hepatitis ,which accounting for 98 .176% of all ALT unqualified samples ;the blood discard rate generated by ALT disqualification was 0 .277% (915/330633) .Conclusion Our study indicates that the statistical difference exists in the ALT unqualified rate and the viral hepatitis detection rate ,conducting the ALT detection has the lower coin‐cidence rate for expected viral hepatic ,many false positive lead to the discard of normal blood .Therefore ,whether to continue using the ALT detection as the auxillary detection indicator is still being negotiated .

BACKGROUND: Recently, one focus of research has been Annexin Ⅴ (AnV) existing on hepatic cells membranes as a fundamental receptor related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Also its expression in placental tissues has been a matter of debate. The study of the relationships between placental cells infected with HBV and their AnV expression will be of great value in future prevention strategies and treatments.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of AnV in HBV infected human's placental cells and its potential role in HBV intrauterine transmission.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Taishan Medical College.MATERIALS: Placental tissue was collected from HBsAg positive full term pregnant women (30 cases) admitted to Jinan Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Taian Central Hospital and Taian Institute for Maternal and Child Health from January 2003 to December 2004. Maternal serum was also obtained. Informed consents for participating in this study were obtained from all the involved pregnant women and this experiment was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. Rabbit-anti-human AnV purified affinity antibody (first antibody), rat-anti-human HBs mAb (first antibody),and biotinylated goat-anti-mouse IgG (secondary antibody) were supplied by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Company.METHODS: Using SABC immunohistochemical staining reagent, 18 HBsAg positive placentas were obtained from 30HBsAg infected patients in full term pregnancy. These were considered as the positive group and the other 12 were used as negative controls. The staining process included dewaxing, dehydration of embedded slides and microwave antigen restoration. In the wet box, rabbit-anti-human AnV purified antibody (first antibody, 1:60, monoclonal antibody)was added on the slides and kept at 4 ℃ overnight. Rat-anti-human antibody HBs mAb(secondary antibody, 1:50) was added and kept at 4 ℃ ovemight, after this procedure, biotinylated goat-anti-mouse IgG(1:100), the first fluorescent antibody such as FITC-goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:50) and the second fluorescent antibody (Avidin-Cy3) were used,respectively. The slides were sealed with buffered glycerol and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope.The images on the slides were analyzed with IPP 4.5 image programs.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detecting the simultaneous existence and distribution of HBsAg/AnV in placental cells with HBV infection.RESULTS: Ten cases from the positive group were simultaneously detected for HBsAg/AnV by double-labeled immunofluorenscence assay and confocal laser scanning microscope. AnV expression was detected in the trophoblastic, interstitial cells and vascular endothelial cells of villi interstitial blood vessels, and the coexistence of HBsAg/AnV was found even in one cell.CONCLUSION: HBsAg combined with the receptor AnV in the same placental cells is a common finding in HBV infected full term pregnant women. This finding is very suggestive of a mechanism where AnV could promote hepatitis B virus to enter the placental cells and cause intrauterine infection.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of vaginal paravaginal repair(VPVR) plus vaginal bridge repair in the treatment of female pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods Sixty-five patients with different defects of pelvic floor underwent VPVR or plus vaginal bridge repair for posterior vaginal wall. Patients were followed up after operation. The cure rate was estimated subjectively and objectively. The patients' quality of life was evaluated by the pelvic floor distress inventory short form 20 (PFDI-20). Results All 65 cases were treated by vaginal hysterectomy and anterior vaginal repair, in which there were 33 cases underwent VPVR while 32 cases underwent VPVR plus middle area repair. Forty concomitant procedures for vaginal bridge repair were also performed. The average operative time was (110.00±20.12) min and blood loss was (119.52±45.33) ml. The symptom of stress urinary incontinence of 25 cases significantly released after operation. Four incision recovery delayed and there were no other complicatious occurred. Patients were followed up for 6-29 months,the objective cure rate was 100.00% (65/65) and subjective cure rate was 92.31%(60/65), and 58 cases (89.23%)improved significantly with the quality of life comparing with that of pre-operation by completing PFDI-20 (P<0.01). Conclusions It is an effective and safe procedure for VPVR plus vaginal bridge repair to correct median to severe anterior vaginal prolapse and posterior vaginal wall prolapse. More clinical trials are needed to evaluate their long-term outcome.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of using Xinjiang wild Artemisia rupestris L. crude polysaccharides ( WARCP) as an immunologic adjuvant for influenza virus vaccine( IVV) .Methods ICR mice were subcutaneously immunized with 0.3 μg of IVV and 1.5 μg of IVV alone or co-administered with 200 μg of WARCP on 0 d and 14 d.Antibody levels in serum samples were detected by using indirect ELISA.MTT method was used to measure the proliferation of splenocytes.The growth conditions of mice were observed as well.Results No significant differences in the body weight were observed between mice from different groups (P>0.05).The levels of influenza virus-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were signifi-cantly increased in mice injected with WARCP adjuvant (P<0.05).The levels of IgG antibody in mice im-munized with low-dose of IVV and WARCP were significantly higher than those in mice immunized with high-dose of IVV alone (P<0.05), indicating at least 80% reduction in vaccine dosage by adding WARCP as adjuvant.Moreover, WARCP significantly promoted the proliferation of lymphocytes (P<0.05).Conclu-sion Adding WARCP to IVV enhanced the efficacy of IVV by boosting humoral and cellular immunity re-sponses with the advantages of high safety and dose-sparing.This study suggested the possibility of using WARCP as a novel immunologic adjuvant for influenza virus vaccine.

PurposeTo investigate a multi-parametric protocol for breast MRI examination and lesions assessment correlated to the American College of Radiology (ACR) breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) categorization, and to improve the management of the breast lesions.Materials and Methods 301 pathologically confirmed lesions on 278 patients were retrospectively included. The scan protocol used a dynamic contrast enhancement sequence (DCE) of 1 mm×1 mm×1 mm spatial resolution, 120 temporal resolution and a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of b=1000 s/mm2. The malignant morphological features on the early-enhanced images, type II or III time intensity curve and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value less than benign/malignant threshold was equally weighted. Each was given 1 point when present malignant features and treated different on mass and non-mass-like enhancement lesions. When the sum of score was ≥2 points, the lesion was categorized as BI-RADS 5. When the sum of score was 1 point, the lesion was categorized as BI-RADS 4. When the sum of score was <1 point, the lesion was categorized as BI-RADS 3. The other specific benign findings were categorized as BI-RADS 2. No abnormality on DWI, DCE, T2WI and T1WI was categorized as BI-RADS 1. The final categories were correlated to the pathological grades as benign (B), high risk (HR) and malignant (M).Results When grouped HR as malignant (M+HR), the area under curve (AUC) of the ROC was 0.860. When grouped HR as benign (B+HR), the AUC of the ROC was 0.876, and the optimized sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was 85.3%, 86.8% and 85.1%, respectively, which were better than the other grouping. If the management of HR lesions could be lumptoectomy or short-term follow-up, the positive predictive value (PPV) of BI-RADS 5 for excisable lesions (M+HR) was 93.2%, the PPV of BI-RADS 4 for excisable lesions (M+HR) was 46.9% and the biopsy was essential. The PPV of BI-RADS 3 and below for follow-up lesions (B+HR) was 90.4%.Conclusion A simple diagnosis algorithm was established, which equally weighted the DCE morphological feature, DCE-TIC and DWI-ADC. The diagnosis protocol was well consistent with BI-RADS categorization and could predict the benign, high risk and malignant lesions in pathology as well as the proper management.

Objective To explore the application value of triggered angiography non-contrast enhanced (TRANCE) technology in diagnosing lower limb arterial occlusive disease.Methods Totally 22 lower limb arterial occlusive disease patients were randomly selected,and then underwent TRANCE and DSA examinations.The arteries from the abdomen to the lower limb were divided into abdominal aorta,common iliac artery,external iliac artery,internal iliac artery,superficial femoral artery,deep femoral artery,popliteal artery,anterior tibial artery,posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery.Totally 337 sections displayed clearly were chosen to go through examinations by TRANCE and DSA.Results Of the 337 sections there were 312 ones with the same stenoses found by TRANCE and DSA,TRANCE found 16 sections with worse stenoses and 9 milder ones than by DSA.There were 153 sections with the same moderate stenoses (≥50％) displayed by TRANCE and DSA;Of the 153 sections,there were 15 ones with worse stenoses and 6 ones with milder stenoses found by TRANCE than by DSA.Kappa value of the two methods was 0.905.Conclusion TRANCE technology is a non-invasive,safe and nonradiative diagnosing method for the lower limb arterial occlusive disease.

Background: New-generation adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines can improve the efficacy of existing vaccines. Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide possesses better promoting effects. Objectives: In this study, the aqueous extract from Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR), an immunoregulatory crude polysaccharide, was utilized as the adjuvant of inactivated FMDV vaccine to explore their immune regulation roles. Methods: The mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with different vaccine formulations containing inactivated FMDV antigen adjuvanted with three doses (low, medium, and high) of AEAR or AEAR with ISA-206 adjuvant for 2 times respectively in 1 and 14 days. The variations of antibody level, lymphocyte count, and cytokine secretion in 14 to 42 days after first vaccination were monitored. Then cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody duration were measured after the second vaccination. Results: AEAR significantly induced FMDV-specific antibody titers and lymphocyte activation. AEAR at a medium dose stimulated Th1/Th2-type response through interleukin-4 and interferon-γ secreted by CD4+ T cells. Effective T lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated by AEAR. Importantly, the efficient CTL response was remarkably provoked by AEAR. Furthermore, AEAR at a low dose and ISA-206 adjuvant also synergistically promoted immune responses more significantly in immunized mice than those injected with only ISA-206 adjuvant and the stable antibody duration without body weight loss was 6 months. Conclusions These findings suggested that AEAR had potential utility as a polysaccharide adjuvant for FMDV vaccines.