Objective To evaluate the performances of glucose oxidase immobilized on hydrophilic-hydrophobic silica gel, which may be employed to prepare glucose sensor for the determination of glucose in body fluids. Methods The silica gel was prepared from precursors ?-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) by sol-gel technique. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was covalently attached to the silica gel via carbodiimide coupling reaction between a carboxylic acid group on enzyme and an amine group of the silica gel under the participation of the linking reagents 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide. The performances of immobilized GOD were explored. Results The optimum conditions were obtained as follows: volume fraction of APTMOS 70%, enzyme content given 16 800 U, the temperature of 35 ℃ and buffer pH 5.5. The decrement in the activity of immobilized GOD for the first 2 weeks was less than 10% of its original activity, and the activity of immobilized GOD retained more than 75% of its original activity after 1 month of testing. Six independently prepared immobilized GOD on the silica gel resulted in an average bioactivity of 1 290.9 ?mol?min -1?g -1 with an R.S.D. of 3.4%. The Michaelis constant (K m) of immobilized GOD was 9.1 mmol?L -1. Conclusion Immobilizing GOD on the silica gel via the formation of peptide bonds is an outstanding enzyme immobilization method.

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in the lung injury in the septic mice.Methods Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S);cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group;CLP + autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (group CLP+3-MA).Sepsis was produced by CLP.In group CLP+3-MA, 3-MA 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneal at 1 h after operation.Arterial blood samples were taken at 24 h after operation for blood gas analysis, and the oxygenation index was calculated.The lungs were removed for microscopic examination of pathologic changes which were scored, and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) , myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (using colorimetric method) and the expression of autophagy protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ] (LC3 Ⅱ), Beclin-1 and lysosomes-associated protein Rab7 and lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) (by Western blot).The lung was lavaged, and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the total cell count and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count.Results Compared with group S, the pathological score, W/D ratio, MPO activity, and the total cell and PMN counts in BALF were significantly increased, and oxygenation index was decreased in CLP and CLP +3-MA groups, and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ , Beclin-1, LAMP2 and Rab7 was up-regulated in group CLP (P＜0.05).Compared with group CLP, the pathological score, W/D ratio, MPO activity, and the total cell and PMN counts in BALF were significantly increased, the oxygenation index was decreased, and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ , Beclin-1, LAMP2 and Rab7 was down-regulated in group CLP+ 3-MA (P＜0.05).Conclusion Autophagy is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism of acute lung injury in the septic mice.

Objective:To examine the plasma soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R)and the expression of IFN-γR in helper T (Th)cells in peripheral blood of patients with recurrent oral ulcer(ROU).Methods:The peripheral blood was obtained from 21 pa-tients in active stage of ROU and 21 healthy controls.Flow cytometry was used to detect the quantity of IFN-γR in CD +4 T cells,ELISA was used to detect the level of sIL-2R.Results:The expression of IFN-γR in CD +4 T cells and sIL-2R content in plasma of the patients with ROU were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls(P <0.05).Conclusion:Over expression of IFN-γR in CD +4 T cells and sIL-2R in peripheral blood may be related to the genesis of ROU.

Objective To investigate the effects of interventions on psychological stress factors of nurses in the emergency department of general hospital. Methods Symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)was used for investigation. The corresponding interventions were conducted based on the found problems. Results The mental health of the nurses in general hospital emergency department was worse than that of the general population. Each factor score, the total average score and the number of items after intervention had significant difference than that before intervention respectively. The incidence rate of top 10 symptoms was significantly decreased after the intervention than that before. Conclusions Implementation of comprehensive intervention can significantly improve the mental health of the nurses in emergency department of general hospital.

Objective To investigate the exercise performance in maintenance dialysis patients,and analyze its correlative factors.Methods Maintenance dialysis patients admitted in Tongji Hospital of Shanghai from December 2014 to March 2015 were enrolled,with their baseline data and biochemical measurement being collected.The anthropometric indexes including arm circumference,triceps skinfold,waist circumference and hip circumference were detected.The exercise activity was assessed by hand grip test,timed up and go test (3mTUG) and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST).Patients were divided into fast group (3mTUG≤12 s) and slow group (3mTUG ＞ 12 s).Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the factors influencing exercise performance in maintenance dialysis.Results There were 121 patients enrolled:62 on peritoneal dialysis and 59 on hemodialysis,76 men and 45 women.Patients' average age was (61.6± 13.0) years and median dialysis age was 31.7(12.3,69.0) months.There was no statistical difference between fast group (n=80) and slow group (n=41) in gender,dialysis method,dialysis age,body mass index (BMI),arm muscle area (AMA),waist-hip ratio (WHR),hemoglobin (Hb) and total cholesterol (TC).Patients in fast group were younger,had higher serum albumin,prealbumin,serum phosphate and iPTH,and less prevalence of diabetes than those in slow group.In exercise activity,patients in fast group had better performance in handgrip,3mTUG and FTSST (all P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that,handgrip was correlated with sex (male),AMA,BMI,age,diabetes,serum phosphorus and TC;scores in FTSST was correlated with age,BMI,diabetes,WHR,dialysis method,dialysis age,prealbumin and serum phosphorus;scores in 3mTUG was correlated with age,diabetes,WHR,dialysis method and dialysis age,prealbumin,serum phosphorus and iPTH (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that sex (male),age,AMA and diabetes were independently correlated with handgrip in dialysis patients (all P ＜ 0.05);age,dialysis method,BMI and diabetes were independently correlated with scores in FTSST (all P ＜ 0.05);age,dialysis method,diabetes and WHR were independently correlated with scores in 3mTUG (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis are impaired.Age and diabetes are independent factor associated with the exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis.AMA is independently associated with upper limb movement,and dialysis method,BMI and WHR are independent factors associated with lower limb movement in dialysis patients.

Objective To analyze the amount and allocation of pediatric healthcare resources in Chengdu,and to recommend on local pediatric healthcare resources shortages.Methods Pediatric healthcare resources data of Chengdu came from pediatric relevant data reported regularly at yearend by the counties and districts to healthcare administration of the city.Data from such reports were subject to statistics with various indexes and descriptive analysis.Analyzed in focus was the distribution in 2015 of pediatric healthcare resources of the city among medical institutions of various types,levels and properties,as well as causes for such shortage.Results Tertiary hospitals hold 62.3% of the pediatric beds and 64.2% of pediatricians,and provide around 70% of the medical workload for pediatric outpatients and inpatients,upon the majority of pediatricians with master degree and above,and senior ones of/above associate chief physician titles;Tertiary hospitals have 58.7% of the pediatric beds and 49.7% of pediatricians,yet the outpatients served by specialized hospitals were 5% above tertiary hospitals.Conclusions The imbalance and shortage in total of pediatric resources in Chengdu result from stable source of manpower supply,high professional risk exposure,low income,and long training duration among others.Such measures as a better pediatrician development system,greater incentives for pediatric development,and enhanced development pediatric service consortiums,as well as greater support for private specialized pediatric hospitals.Those measures combined can effectively alleviate the shortage of pediatric resources.

ABSTRACT:Objective To prepare polymeric nanomicelles capable of simultaneously loading doxorubicin (DOX) and Bcl‐2 small interfering RNA (Bcl‐2 siRNA ) , and to explore their in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells .Methods Copolymer poly (ethylene glycol )‐g‐polyethylenimine‐g‐poly(γ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamate) was synthesized by the combination of reductive amination and carbodiimide methods , and its chemical structure was verified by 1 H NMR .Empty and drug‐loaded copolymeric nanomicelles were prepared by dialysis method and characterized by transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering .The ability of the nanomicelles to compress Bcl‐2 siRNA was measured by by agarose gel electrophoresis method . The release profiles of DOX and Bcl‐2 siRNA from the nanomicelles were explored by means of fluorescence spectrometry and dialysis method .The in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of DOX and Bcl‐2 siRNA co‐loaded nanomicelles in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells were characterized by MTT assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy , respectively .Results The critical micelle concentration of the copolymer was about 4 mg/L ,and the sizes of self‐assembled empty and drug‐loaded nanomicelles were smaller than 200 nm .The drug‐loading efficiency and drug‐loading content of DOX in the nanomicelles were 88 .7% and 15 .1% ,respectively .The DOX‐loaded nanomicelles could efficiently compress Bcl‐2 siRNA when an N/P ratio was ≥64 .The zeta potential of DOX and Bcl‐2 siRNA co‐loaded nanomicelles was +30 mV .The release behavior of the cargoes from the nanomicells was pH‐sensitive , and the release of Bcl‐2 siRNA was more sensitive to acidic pH than that of DOX . The nanomicelles could simultaneously deliver DOX and Bcl‐2 siRNA into MCF‐7 cells , and the co‐delivered DOX and Bcl‐2 siRNA significantly increased the cytotoxicity of DOX (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The polymeric nanomicelles can co‐load DOX and Bcl‐2 siRNA and deliver them into MCF‐7 cells , and DOX in combination with Bcl‐2 siRNA can synergistically inhibit the growth of MCF‐7 cells and promote cell apoptosis ,suggesting that the nanomicells may be a promising carrier for the co‐delivery for chemotherapeutics and genes .

Objective To assess the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on severe acute pancre-atitis (SAP). Methods According to the collaborative search strategy, MEDLINE (1966-2013.9), Embase(1974-2013.9), Chinese Wanfang database(1996-2013.9), CNKI(1979-2013.9) and the clinical control test database of Cochrane Library were searched.Published and unpublished literature and meeting summary were searched manually.Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two independent investigators. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2. Results A total of 15 reports were identified which met the inclusion criteria, in which include data of 652 patients.Com-pared with control group, serum amylase decreased in CRRT group (WMD=-140.76, 95%CI was-212.42 to-69.11, P=0.000 1). Mediators of inflammatory mediators were scavenged effectively and APACHEⅡscore decreased in CRRT group (WMD=-2.97, 95%CI was-4.01 to-1.93, P<0.001). The overall survival rate was significantly higher in CRRT group than that in control group (RR=1.35, 95%CI 1.19-1.52, P<0.001). Conclusion Continuous renal replacement therapy could ef-fectively improve the survival rate of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective:To investigate the expression of LAIR-1 on Treg cells and TGF-βin the peripheral blood of patients with oral lichen planus(OLP).Methods:The peripheral blood was obtained from 22 OLP patients and 22 healthy controls.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of LAIR-1 on CD4 +Foxp3 +Treg cells,and the level of TGF-βwas measured by ELISA.Results:In the peripheral blood of OLP patients,the proportion of LAIR-1 on CD4 +Foxp3 +Treg cells and TGF-βcontent were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls(P ＜0.05),The proportion of LAIR-1 on CD4 +Foxp3 +Treg cells was positively correlated with the level of TGF-β(r =0.43,P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The high expression of LAIR-1 on CD4 +Foxp3 +Treg cells and TGF-βin the pe-ripheral blood of OLP patients may be responsible for the pathogenesis of OLP.

Objective To investigate the efficacy ,safety and compliance of mesalazine sustained‐release (SR) granules taking once daily or multi‐times daily in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis .Methods Sixty patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis were divided into group A ,B and C with 20 patients in each group .Group A received mesalazine SR granules 4 g once daily ,Group B with 2 g each time and twice daily ,Group C with 1 g each time and four times daily . The total course was eight weeks . The vital signs ,Mayo score ,compliance and adverse effects of patients were monitored at 0 ,4th ,8th weeks .At 0 and 8th weeks ,colonoscopy were performed . The parameters of efficacy assessment were clinical complete remission rate , clinical remission rate , efficacy rate ,mucosal healing rate ,remission time and safety .The F test ,t test or Chi‐square test was performed for comparison among groups .Results The clinical complete remission rate of group A ,B and C was 20% (4/20) ,10% (2/20) and 10% (2/20) ,respectively .The clinical complete remission rate was 70% (14/20) ,65% (13/20) and 70% (14/20) ,respectively .The efficacy rate was 95% (19/20) ,85%(17/20) and 90% (18/20) ,respectively .The mucosal healing rate was 70% (14/20) ,60% (12/20) and 50% (10/20) ,respectively .The side effects rate was 20% (4/20) ,15% (3/20) and 20% (4/20) .There was no significant difference between groups (all P > 0 .05) .The remission time of group A and B was (15 .4 ± 3 .7) days and (15 .6 ± 2 .9) days ,which were both shorter than that of group C (18 .4 ± 3 .6) days ,and the differences were statistically significant (t= 2 .661 and 2 .710 ,both P< 0 .05) .There was no significant difference among three groups in gender ,disease course , severity , location and clinical remission rate of sub‐groups .Conclusions The efficacy and safety of mesalazine SR granules taking once daily or multi‐times daily are similar in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis .Once daily have better compliance than other regimens .