Objective To investigate the expression changes of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor T (PTPRT) in temporal lobe epileptic foci in the experimental animals and epileptic patients and the relationship between PTPRT and epileptogenesis.Methods After getting the epilepsy lobe tissue from the experimental and control groups,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of PTPRT and its changes.Results In the temporal lobe tissue of intractable patients and control group,PTPRT was mainly expressed in the neurons.PTPRT was significantly increased in patients with intractable epilepsy (0.277 ± 0.048) than that in the control group(0.171 ±0.025 ; t =9.586,P ＜ 0.05).PTPRT was mainly expressed in the neurons in the temporal lobe brain tissue of the rats in the control group and experimental group.Compared with control group,the expression of PTPRT in the temporal lobe tissue was increased within 24 h post-seizure,and decreased 1 and 2 weeks post-seizure,then it was increased 1 and 2 months post-seizure (A ratio:control 0.443 ± 0.039,6 h 0.840±0.032,24 h 1.113 ±0.064,7 d 0.564 ±0.039,14 d 0.570 ±0.029,30 d 0.899 ±0.034,60 d 1.011 ± 0.074,F =256.427,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Through researches into the expression and function of PTPRT in the temporal lobe brain tissue of patients with intractable epilepsy and animal models,we presume that the PTPRT plays a role in the synapses reorganization and mossy fiber sprouting,and participates in the reconstruction of the neural network which leads to the intractable epilepsy.

Objective To study the potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induction in the development of mucosal barrier dysfunction in rats caused by acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to examine whether pretreatment with monoclonal antibody against TNF-α (TNF-α MoAb) would affect the release of D(-)-lactate after local gut ischemia followed by reperfusion. Methods Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats underwent superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 75 min followed by reperfusion for 6 hr. The rats were treated intravenously with either TNF-α MoAb (20 mg/kg) or albumin (20 mg/kg) 30 min prior to the onset of ischemia. Plasma D(-)-lactate levels were measured in both the portal and systemic blood by an enzymatic spectrophotometric assay. Intestinal TNF-αmRNA expression as well as protein levels were also measured at various intervals. In addition, a postmortem examination was performed together with a macropathological evaluation based on a four-grade scoring system.Results Intestinal ischemia resulted in a significant elevation in D(-)-lactate levels in the portal vein blood in both the control and treatment groups ( P ＜0.05). However, animals pretreated with TNF-α MoAb at 6 hr after reperfusion showed significant attenuation of an increase in both portal and systemic D(-)-lactate levels when compared with those only receiving albumin (P ＜ 0.05). In the control animals, a remarkable rise in intestinal TNF-α level was measured at 0.5 hr after clamp release ( P ＜ 0.01); however, prophylactic treatment with TNF-α MoAb completely annulled the increase of local TNF-α levels seen in the control animals. Similarly, after anti-TNF-α MoAb administration, intestinal TNF-α mRNA expression was markedly inhibited, which showed significant differences when compared with the control group at 0.5 hr, 2 hr and 6 hr after the release of occlusion ( P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ). In addition, the pathological examination showed marked intestinal lesions that formed during ischemia, which were much worse upon reperfusion,particularly at the 6 hr time point. These acute injuries were obviously attenuated in animals receiving TNF-α MoAb.Conclusions It appeared that acute intestinal ischemia was associated with failure of the mucosal barrier, resulting in increased plasma D(-)-lactate levels in both portal and systemic blood. These results suggest that TNF-α appears to be involved in the development of local damage associated with intestinal ischemic injury. Moreover, prophylactic treatment with TNF-α MoAb exerts preventive effects on ischemia/ reperfusion-induced circulating D (-)-lactate elevation and gut injury. ( J Geriatr Cardiol 2004;1(2):119-124. )

The latest development and the merit of using flexible neural microelectrodes are mainly reported in the paper, in which the properties of based-material, the micro-structure of neural microelectrodes and the method about how to test the microelectrodes are also included.
Blindness ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Humans ; Microelectrodes ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Retina ; physiopathology

【Objective】 To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Perioperative Transfusion Trigger Score (POTTS) in guiding surgical patients blood transfusion intraoperatively and postoperatively. 【Methods】 A total of 900 patients(perioperative Hb 60~100 g/L) from December 2017 to March 2021 were collected, including 251 males and 649 females, with ASA grading Ⅰ~Ⅳ, and randomly divided into experimental group and controls. In the experimental group, the allogeneic RBC transfusion trigger(Hb threshold) and transfusion units in anemia patients was determined by POTTS. While those in the controls were decided by physicians according to current guidelines concerning transfusion. The proportion and units of allogeneic RBC transfusion, the incidence of postoperative complications, the mortality of hospitalization and discharge for 4 weeks, Hb value, healing of surgical incision, ICU admission rate and ICU length of stay, length of hospitalization, etc were recorded. 【Results】 The proportion of allogeneic RBC transfusion in the experimental group(35.3%)were less than the controls(42.2%)(P<0.05). The units of allogeneic RBC transfused, incidence of postoperative complications and mortality in hospital and 4 weeks after surgery, healing of surgical incision (grade A/ grade B/ grade C), the Hb level 24 h after surgery and at discharge, the ICU admission rate and ICU length of stay, length of hospitalization were not significantly different between the groups. 【Conclusion】 The peri-operative allogeneic red blood cells transfusion guided by POTTS can reduce the proportion of allogeneic RBC transfusion, and is safe and effective.