OBJECTIVE: To reassess the impact of China's entry into WTO on Chinese pharmaceutical industry.METHODS: The relevant viewpoints before the entry into WTO were reviewed and the development of the pharmaceutical industry after China's entry into WTO was analyzed,and the impact of China's entry into WTO on Chinese pharmaceutical industry was reassessed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: China's entry into WTO enhanced the export of pharmaceutical products and the impact of TRIPS on pharmaceutical industry is as great as what people have predicated.To the opposite of some scholars' view,the steadily increased import of drugs after entering WTO had little impact on domestic pharmaceutical industry and the export of traditional Chinese medicine products still faces many difficulties.

This paper firstly analyses the sales and purchase contracts in the procurement of drugs in public hospitals, and then points out the market failure in the two contracts. After the implementation of administrative measures such as government pricing, administrative price reduction, price increase, centralized bidding and purcha-sing, various drug procurement stakeholders have adopted various game behaviors, and government procurement and price formation have appeared in government hospitals, not-neglecting the formation of the price ofGovernment fail-ure. The future price formation in public hospitals should be the market pricing under the limited government regu-lation, and increase the medical insurance institutions' price negotiation and the public hospitals' participation degree in the bidding process based on maintaining the centralized bidding and purchasing and zero administrative rate.

Objective To analyze the effect of the new cooperative medical care on the use of outpatient services by rural residents so as to provide scientific basis for its improvement. Methods Using the stratified cluster sampling method, house-to-house surveys on the residents of Dongying via interviews were conducted both before and after the implementation of the new cooperative medical care. Results Although the two-week rate of seeking medical services by the rural residents after the implementation of the new cooperative medical care did not increase, changes did take place in the flow direction of the patients and the rate of seeking medical services at the end of two weeks took a downward turn. Fairness in the use of health services by the residents was enhanced. Conclusion The new cooperative medical care strongly guarantees rural patients' access to medical care.

Objective To investigate the alternation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation post-ischemia/reperfusion myocardial injury in mice. Methods The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups. The mouse hearts in the time control group (TC) were perfused for 45 min in identical Krebs-Henseleit buffer without any treatment. In the ischemia/reperfusion groups, the mouse hearts were treated with different reperfusion time including 5, 10, 15 or 30 min, following by the same ischemia period of 25 min. The mitochondria were extracted from the left ventricular post-reperfusion. The respiratory function including R3, R4, RCR, and the maximal rate of state 3 respiration (2 mmol/L ADP) were measured. Results The R3, RCR and P/O of mitochondria, using glutamate + malate as substrates, were decreased significantly at 10 min, 15 min and 30 min post-ischemia/reperfusion (P < 0.05, respectively), but not in the 5-min-reperfusion group compared with the time control group. And the respiratory function, using succinate, and TMPD-ascorbate as substrates, decreased significantly in different ischemia/reperfusion groups compared with the time control (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions The mitochondrial respiratory function changes differently in different complex at the early stage of reperfusion after ischemia. So different ischemia/reperfusion time should be chosen to detect the alternations of different mitochondrial complex after heart injury.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the countermeasures for the problems of pharmaceutical dispensing fee brought into the scope of basic medical insurance compensation under New Medical Reform.METHODS:The difficulties of scheme formulation and practical operation of pharmaceutical dispensing fee brought into the scope of basic medical insurance compensation were analyzed.Compensation method,compensation levels and related management supporting measures were investigated based on the experience of foreign and domestic experience.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Referring to foreign and domestic experience,reasonable compensation scheme should be formulated to play the coupling effect of systems.The supervision and management mechanism should be improved to play the role of pharmaceutical dispensing fee in the control of drug expenses.

Medical electrical equipment--modular alarm system to meet YY 0709-2009 requirements and design, through the design of both hardware and software, low/medium/high three priority audible alarm visual alarm information to be verified by testing the same time, now the alarm system has been put into use on a portable infusion device remote microcomputer systems.
Clinical Alarms ; Equipment Design ; Software Design

Objective To study the incidence of and identity risk factors for hemorrhage and thromboembolism during long-term warfarin therapy.Methods All patients were studied in the People's Hospital of Peking University Anticoagulant Clinic from 2001-04 to 2003-11,in whom a course of warfarin therapy intended to last for more than 4 weeks.All bleeding and thromboembolism events were classified as minor or serious or fatal and life-threatening.Incidences of adverse events were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 128 patients were enrolled in the investigation,the median age of the study group was 67 years(ranged 25 to 83).There were 41 bleeding events occurring in 34 patients,and 5 events of thromboembolism.Age and hepatocirrhosis were significantly associated with bleeding complications(P=0.040 and P=0.014).Conclusion Hemorrhage is the major side effect of warfarin;age and hepatocirrhosis are significantly associated with bleeding complications.

Objective To study the relationship between hospital attributes and hospital social responsibility (HSR)behaviors,and measures to improve HSR performance.Methods 79 TCM hospitals in Jiangsu Province was surveyed with questionnaires for their HSR performance in 201 1 and 2012,with the data analyzed by independent two-sample t-test.Results In terms of HSR contribution,different levels of hospitals have statistical significance in bad debt,accomplishment of government mandatory missions,environmental protection,education and research,and social welfare activities.Hospitals in different regions have statistical significance in education and research,low-profit medical services and cheap drugs provision.Teaching hospitals make statistical significance in accomplishment of government mandatory missions,environmental protection,education and research,and social welfare activities.In terms of HSR willingness,different levels of hospitals have statistical significance in accomplishment of government mandatory missions,price discount,and education and research.Hospitals in different regions have statistical significance in health services with positive social effects,education and research,and social welfare activities.Teaching hospitals make statistical significance in education and research. Conclusions Secondary hospitals need to invest more resources on HSR.Hospitals in underdeveloped areas must pay more attention to environmental protection,education and research.Non-teaching hospitals need to strengthen quality of care,accomplishment of governmental mandatory missions and environmental protection.

To identify the factors that affect the hospital social responsibility(HSR)level based on theoretical analysis.79 TCM hospitals in Jiangsu Province were surveyed with questionnaires,with the data analyzed by the multiple linear regression model.The research results show the following: 1. Hospital’s financial performance,hospital size,and the congress of medical workers are positive factors to the HSR level.2.Pressure from HSR performance of neighboring hospitals has a significant negative impact.3.Hospital’s financial performance and hospital size have a significant positive impact on its intention to fulfill HSR.4.Hospital location has a significant negative impact on its intention to fulfill HSR.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for systematic reform in national state-owned hospital.METHODS:System reforms of township hospitals in Zhangjiagang were analyzed.Then three kinds of reform modes were summarized including privatization,town-owned-town-management and sino-foreign joint venture.Reform effects were also discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The achievement that the reformed township hospitals have made in Zhangjiagang in improving the medical insurance and pharmaceutical management system,reforming hospital management system and operation mechanism and creating a harmonious relationship between doctor and patient can provide a reference for domestic state-owned hospital reform.