The digital radiography system(DR) is one of the foundational equipments of modern digital hospital. The hardware components, main function and parameter of DR are analyzed, and it is helpful to choose the hardware and software of the DR system scientifically and reasonably.

Objective To study the reliability of the formaldehyde diffusion tube as a standard gas generating source. Methods Three diffusion tubes with different diffusion ratios were selected and the diffusion ratios were determined using the reference method,viz. AHMT colorimetry, and the results were compared with those obtained by gravimetric analysis. The accuracy of standard gases generated by the formaldehyde diffusion tube was analyzed. Results The thermal decomposition efficiency of trioxane turning into monomolecular formaldehyde was more than 99%, and the relative standard deviation was 0.40%. The uncertainty of AHMT colorimetry was less than 5% with a confidence limit of 95%. Conclusion The formaldehyde diffusion tube was precise and reliable as a standard gas generating source.

Objective To compare the curative effect of laparoscopic and laparotomic operation for elderly Chinese women with cervical cancer. Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) and case controlled trials (CCT) were collected by searches of WanFang database, CNKI, VIP, China Biology Medicine (CBM) , PubMed. Data were extracted from these trials and data analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2.9. Results There were no RCTs, however, a total of 10 CCTs met the inclusion criteria and had data extracted for this review. The baseline characteristics of the laparoscopic group were similar to those of the laparotomic group. Comparing to laparotomic group, the laparoscopic group have longer operation time (MD =32.60, 95%CI: 5.65~59.55, P = 0.020), less amount of bleeding (MD = -94.01, 95%CI: -130.65 ~ -57.37, P = 0.000), smaller number of lymph node dissection(MD = 1.69, 95%CI: 0.67 ~ 2.72, P = 0.001), earlier anus exhaustion (MD=-17.09, 95%CI: -21.19 ~ -12.98, P = 0.000) and shorter hospital stays (MD = -4.30, 95%CI: -5.57 ~ -3.02, P = 0.000). There was significant difference between the two groups. But there was no statistical significance in postoperative indwelling catheter time (MD = -0.67, 95%CI: -1.92 ~ 0.58, P = 0.290) and surgical complications incidence (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.27 ~ 1.42, P = 0.260) between the two groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic management has the advantages of less traumatic and recovered quickly, and did not increase the incidence of complications. Laparoscopic operation is an ideal procedure for elderly Chinese women with cervical carcinoma.

Carotid atherosclerosis is an important pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.Inflammation plays a crucial role in the artery atherosclerotic genesis and development as well as its caused complications.Human CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16),as a novel chemokine,involves in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques.It may be associated with atherosclerotic stroke.

Objective To explore the etiological factors of primary pathological duodenogastric reflux (DGR) through investigating the relationship between severity of bile refulx,the changes of surface gastric electric rhythm and gastric emptying movement in primary pathological DGR patients.Methods From January 2007 to April 2008 in Qingdao Municipal Hospital,58 cases of outpatients diagnosed as primary pathological DGR and 21 healthy individuals (control group) were collected and underwent 24-hour gastric bilirubin monitoring,gastric endoscopy,gastric electric rhythm,and gastric emptying test.The relationship between gastric electric parameters and gastric emptying,bilirubin reflux,Hp infection was analyzed.Results 1.The main frequency in fasting and postprandial of primary pathological DGR patients [(1.94±0.04) cpm vs (2.93±0.07) cpm; (2.12±0.03) cpm vs (3.35 ±0.05) cpm],the percentage of normal gastric slow wave in fasting and postprandial (74.46± 0.56 vs 85.55 ± 1.06 ; 63.97 ± 0.64 vs 86.13 ± 1.49),and fasting/postprandial power ratio (PR) (1.68±0.02 vs 2.75±0.09) were all lower than those of control group (P＜0.05).The percentage of bradygastria in fasting and postprandial of DGR patients (18.04±0.36 vs 7.76±0.78;23.73±0.91 vs 8.47±0.55),the percentage of tachygastria in fasting and postprandial (8.93±0.26 vs 5.75±0.66;13.02±0.40 vs 7.66±0.27) were higher than that of control group (P＜0.05).2.The main frequency of severe reflux patients in fasting and postprandial [( 1.68 ± 0.07) cpm vs (2.13 ± 0.07)cpm; (2.18±0.09) cpm vs (2.76±0.06) cpm],the percentage of normal gastric slow wave in fasting and postprandial (69.71±0.43 vs 80.35±0.68; 56.36 ±0.85 vs 72.34±0.80),fasting /postprandial PR (1.47±0.04 vs 2.02±0.04) were lower than those of mild-reflux group (P＜0.05).The percentage of bradygastria in fasting and postprandial of severe reflux patients (22.94 ± 0.68 vs 13.47 ± 0.61; 29.61 ± 1.14 vs 17.55 ± 0.51) and the percentage of tachygastria in fasting and postprandial (9.94 ± 0.54 vs 7.02 ± 0.42 ; 17.04 ± 0.70 vs 10.71 ± 0.20) were higher than that of mild-reflux group (P＜0.05).3.There was no significant difference of gastric electrical parameters in fasting and postprandial between Hp-positive and Hp-negative groups (P＞0.05).4.The ratio of gastric emptying in DGR group was significantly lower than that of control group (37.9％ vs 90.5 ％,P＜0.05).The gastric emptying delay in DGR group significantly increased compared with control group (60.3％ vs 9.5％,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in gastric emptying delay between severe-reflux group and light-reflux group (69.0％ vs 51.7％,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions There is dysfuntion of gastric myoelectrical activity and gastric motility in primary pathological DGR patients,which may be an important mechanism in pathological DGR.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with concurrent and then adjuvant temozolomide in the patient with glioblastoma.Methods The databases of PubMed,Cochrane library,Medline and OVID were retrieved according to the Cochrane systematical assessment method.The included literatures were performed the quality evaluation and the meta analysis was performed after extracting the data.Results The summary of comparison between temozolomide group and radiotherapy group in the included studies showed that the 12-month overall survival rate[RR 1.22,95 ％ CI(1.01,1.47),P=0.04]and 24-month overall survival rate[RR 2.65,95 ％ CI(1.53,4.40),P＜0.01]had statistically significant differences;the 12-month pregrossion free survival rate[RR 2.59,95 ％CI(1.53,4.40),P=0.000 4] and 24-month pregrossion free survival rate[RR 6.77,95 ％ CI (2.82,16.26),P＜ 0.01] also showed statistically significant difference.The results of adverse reaction events revealed that the hematological toxic reactions in the temozolomide group had statistical difference between the concurrent therapy period and radiotherapy period [RR 3.21,95％CI(1.89,5.46),P＜0.01];which in the temozolomide group had statistical difference between the concurrent period and adjuvant period [RR 0.48,95 ％ CI(0.36,0.65),P＜0.01);but the non-hematological toxic reaction had no statistical difference[RR 1.11,95％CI(0.72,1.70),P=0.64].Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with concurrent and then adjuvant temozolomide therapy improves the overall and progression free survival period in the patient with glioblastoma,the higher occurrence rate of hematologic toxic reactions is correlated with temozolomide treatment drugs.

Objective To study the effect of combination of Hydrochlorothiaside (HCTZ) with Captopril or spironolactone on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in hypertension patients. Methods A multi-centre, random and parallel control study was applied in this study. Slight and moderate hypertension patiens were se-lected. The patients were treated with placebo for two weeks and HCTZ 12.5 mga day for 6 weeks,wbo were then randomly divided into HCTZ group(12.5 mg once a day), spironolactone group(HCTZ 12.5 mg once a day + Spi-ronolactone 20 rag once a day) and captopril group(HCTZ 12.5 mg once a day + Captopril 25 rag twice a day) . By the end of one-year follow up, HCTZ group was randomly added to Spironolactone group and Captopril group because combination therapy was superior to single medication,which was recognized. During the treatment, the patients were followed up once a month ,for monitoring blood pressure, and serum hsCRP level was measured every year. Follow-up last for 4 years. By the end of 4 years, the patients were divided into treatment group and control group in order to compare the changes of serum hsCRP levels. Results At the end of 4 years, the blood pressure and serum hsCRP level were significantly decreased as compared with baseline, and were statistically different from that of control group (P <0.05 or 0.01). Multi-factor analysis showed that pre-treatment systolic blood pressue and serum hsCRP level, post-treatment decrease value of systolic blood pressue and age were the major influencing factors for the de-crease of serum hsCRP level(P < 0.05 for each). Conclusion The long-term combinaion of HCTZ with Spironolactone or Captopril not only effectivley decreases blood pressure but also decreases serum hsCRP level. The decrease value of systolic blood pressure is the major factor for influencing serum hsCRP level.

Objective Mild hypothermia provides protection for the brain and improves prognosis in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury, which is widely acknowledged.The article aimed to analysis the prognosis and complications of long-term and short-term mild hypothermia on patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods According to the cochrane systematic review methods, thorough search was carried out in databases including Cochrane, Pubmed, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP.Eval-uation was made on the quality of selected documents, and Revman5.2 software was applied for meta analysis after data extraction. Results Long-term mild hypothermia achieved improved prognosis compared to short-term mild hypothermia ( GOS score 4 ~5 ) [RR=1.37, 95%CI (1.14, 1.64), P=0.0006].No significant difference was found between these two therapies in pneumonia in-cidence (P=0.94), arrhythmia incidence ( P=0.54) and stress ulcer incidence (P=0.99). Conclusion In comparison to short-term hypothermia therapy, long-term mild hypothermia therapy improved the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic brain inju-ry without obvious increase in the incidence of pneumonia, arrhythmia and stress ulcer.

Problem-based Learning(PBL)in medical education is the method of instruction using problems of clinical medicine to stimulate students' driving force of learning and guide them to grasp the learning contents.Compared with the traditional teaching method,it has the fundamental difference in the designing idea,implementing mode,evaluation system and actual effect.The management of PBL teaching process and the active creation of teaching environment and conditions are the key factors to ensure the successful implementation of PBL.

Objective To explore the correlation between ultrasonographic findings and relevant technical factors in traumatic lipohemarthrosis. Methods Fifty-two patients with traumatic lipohemarthrosis underwent ultrasonic examination in supine position (26 in unbent, 16 in external rotary position, 10 in unbent and 45° rotation) before operation, and 22 of them underwent dynamic examination. Findings of ultrasography were compared with manifestations of MRI and CT regarded as gold standard.Results Fifty-two patients with traumatic lipohemarthrosis were diagnosed correctly. The best effect of ultrasonic examination of lipohemarthrosis was observed on suprapatellar bursa. Superior border of patella were showed well in supine straight position, then turned to the level of patella, and the structure below patella were showed badly. The best posture was in supine genuflex position with 45° rotation when the joint effusion presented, by which thicker layer liquids could be displayed than in straight position. Three layer liquids could not be displayed synchronously in mild external rotary rest position of lower extremity, and the combination of findings at internal and external side were favorable to the diagnosis. Liquids bed changed from one layer to two layers and then to three layers, from fuzzy to clear gradually in dynamic examination.Conclusion Ultrasonic manifestations of traumatic lipohemarthrosis are closely correlated to the position, posture and arresting time during examination.