Manned space environmental simulation technology is a very important branch of Space Medico-Engineering.After introducing the principles and methods of manned space environmental simulation technology,the current development of artificial atmosphere environment,space environment,dynamic environment,weightlessness environment and products of manned space environmental simulation technology were reviewed.

〔Abstract〕 Taking some college and university libraries in China and the United States as investigation objects, based on internet and literature investigation methods, the paper compares the situation of embedded subject service in the US and China from the aspects of embedded in learning environment of students, embedded in teaching environment of teachers, embedded in scientific research environ-ment of users, etc.Then it points out the shortage and gives some suggestions for embedded subject service in Chinese college and univer-sity libraries.

Objective To evaluate whether ?G-455A gene polymorphism increases the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD) due to elevated plasma fibrinogen.Methods A total of 1 485 patients who had received coronary angiography due to chest pain or suspected cardiac ischemia by non-invasive examination were included in the study.According to the angiographic results,all the patients were divided into the control group(n=466) and coronary heart disease group(n=1 019).Patients in the coronary heart disease group were further divided into stable angina pectoris group(SAP,n=674) and acute coronary syndrome group(ACS,n=345) according to their clinical presentation.We investigated G-455A polymorphism of ? fibrinogen gene and plasma fibrinogen level in all the patients.Results Increased plasma fibrinogen levels were observed in CHD groups compared with controls(ACS: 380.92?92.35 mg/dL,SAP: 352.49?94.89 mg/dL,control: 311.72?87.09 mg/dL,P

0.05).Conclusions Plasma fibrinogen level is affected by -148C/T polymorphism of ?-fibrinogen gene. High plasma fibrinogen level is a risk factor for ACI in Chinese young adults. With other risk factors and environmental factors, T allele increases plasma fibrinogen level and may be a heritable risk factor for ACI in Chinese young adults.

As one of the leucine-rich repeat protein family members, leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) affects many diseases by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, and is closely associated with angiogenesis, endothelial cell apoptosis and autophagy, inflammatory reaction and blood-brain barrier damage after cerebral ischemia. It is expected to become a new marker and therapeutic target of ischemic stroke. However, at present, there are few studies on investigating the relationship between LRG1 and ischemic stroke, and the understanding of its molecular mechanism is not yet complete, resulting in controversy about the role of LRG1 in ischemic stroke. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of LRG1-TGF-β signaling pathway and ischemic stroke, hoping to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Carotid atherosclerosis is an important pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.Inflammation plays a crucial role in the artery atherosclerotic genesis and development as well as its caused complications.Human CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16),as a novel chemokine,involves in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques.It may be associated with atherosclerotic stroke.

This paper presents an investigation on the effect of external force on internal bone remodeling by adopting the internal bone remodeling theory in conjunction with finite element method. After the border data are picked from a tomogram, a two-dimensional bone model is formed. The bone remodeling results are obtained by use of the finite element software Ansys. The results agree well with the real structure of bone in some degree, thus demonstrating the validity of the proposed method.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; physiology ; Bone Remodeling ; physiology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound locates the appendectomy and guide appendec -tomy incision in small incision appendectomy .Methods According to the digital table ,80 patients with acute appen-dicitis diagnosed by B ultrasound examination , were randomly divided into the observation group , and the control group.Each of the group has 40 cases and use small incision appendectomy .In the observation group , mark corre-sponding appendix root in the abdominal wall surface when use B ultrasound examination ,and mark again in anesthe-sia before surgery.Design of a 2~2.5cm minimal incision according to appendix after anesthesia marker ,distance measurement before and after .The control group did not use B ultrasound localization ,minimal incision by McBurney point or near tenderness point .Between the two groups in operation time ,bleeding volume ,postoperative exhaust time , hospitalization time,complications.Results Ultrasound before and after positioning distance was (1.9 ±0.6)cm,and the preoperative immediate ultrasound localization of appendix and intraoperative exploration results ,and preoperative ultrasound localization in observation group ,the average operation time was better than no ultrasound localization of group(P<0.05).The amount of bleeding volume,postoperative exhaust time,hospitalization time,complications had no obvious difference .Conclusion Preoperative immediate ultrasound can more accurately reflect the position of ap-pendix ,favorable operation in small incision appendectomy is quickly ,shorten the operation time .

Objective To investigate the relationship of microembolic signals (MESs) between the degree of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, ultrasonic characteristics of plaques, peak systolic velocity at the stenotic site and risk factors for stroke. Methods A total of 52 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were enrolled. MESs of bilateral middle cerebral arteries were monitored and detected by carotid color Doppler flow imaging. Results The positive rate of MESs on the symptomatic sides was significantly higher than that on the asymptomatic sides (28. 8% vs. 4. 5%, P < 0. 05). The positive rate was not significantly correlated with the degree of stenosis, ultrasonic characteristics of plaques, peak systolic velocity on the stenotic sides, and risk factors for stroke. Conclusions MESs mainly occurred on the symptomatic sides of carotid artery stenosis, and they were more closely correlated with unstable plaques.

BACKGROUND: Neuron-specific enolase, γtype isoenzyme that is specially present in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, is considered as a sensitive predictor for neuronal damage.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with transient brain ischemic attack, so as to explore its relationship with the degree of neuronal damage.DESIGN: Case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Jinan No. 4 People's Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 29 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Jinan No. 4 People's Hospital, due to transient brain ischemic attack (all called for emergent medical treatment within the onset of 6 hours) between March 2002 and May 2004 were enrolled in this study. There were 18 males and 11 females with the average age of(60.36t11.67) years. According to the duration of neural functional deficits, all subjects were divided into two groups, namely, transient-symptom group (≤ 6 hours) of 19 cases and lasting-symptom group (＞ 6 hours)of 10 cases. At the same time, 25 healthy controls, 15 males and 10 females with the average age of (62.34±9.65) years, rere selected from those who came for routine health examination.METHODS: Fasting elbow venous blood of 1 mL was collected only once from the subjects in control group; the same amount of blood was collected from the patients in transient ischemic attack group immediately after hospitalization, and at days 2, 3, 4 and 5. Roche Elecsys 2010 automatic analyzer was used to detect serum neuron-specific enolase. Neuronal damage was assessed with neurological deficit scale (defined as practical recovery if scores were reduced by 90%-100%; remarkable improvement if scores were reduced by 46%-89%; improvement if scores were reduced by 18%-45%; ineffective if scores were reduced by less than 17% or even the disease aggravated).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The daily changes of serum neuronspecific enolase.RESULTS: All the54 subjects remained in the final result analysis. [1]Comparison of neuron-specific enolase density: It was significantly higher in transient brain ischemic attack group than in control group [(23.53±12.35) vs(14.29±6.83) μg/L, t=2.678, P ＜ 0.01]. [2] Curve of neuron-specific enolase changes during the acute stage: It began to increase at the early stage,reached the peak level on the next day, and gradually declined to the normal level in 4-5 days. [3] The level of serum neuron-specific enolase in the two groups with various durations of neurological deficit symptoms: It was obviously higher in transient-symptom group than in control group [(19.24±8.95)vs (14.29±6.83) μg/L, t=1.893, P ＜ 0.05], and higher in lasting-symptom group than in control group [(28.87±13.15) vs (14.29±6.83) μg/L, t=4.367,P ＜ 0.001]. [4] The level of neuron-specific enolase was positively correlated with the duration of neuronal damage (r=0.815, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum neuron-specific enolase increases within a short term after transient brain ischemic attack and reaches the peak level at around 24-36 hours, suggesting that the detection of serum neuron-specific enolase has a guiding value in assessing the severity of transient brain ischemic attack.