Objective To study the clinical features of cryptococcosis. Method The clinical manifestations of 101 patients with cryptococcosis were comprehensively analyzed using clinical statistical method. Results Among the 101 patients, 68 were male and 33 were female, 94.1% cases were chronic or sub chronic in onset. Headache and fever were the most common symptoms, over 85.0% patients got headache and(or) fever, vomiting (71.3%) was the second common, and the confusion, convulsion, seizure, visual and hearing damage are also relatively common. Nearly 70.0% patients had intracranial hypertention. Among the 58 patients who received brain CT scaning, 40 showed abnormal changes. All of 8 patients who received brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed abnormal changes. And 97 cases were positive in cerebrospinal fluid ink stain, 2 cases were negative in ink stain but positive in cerebrospinal fluid culture, and 2 were diagnosed after brain biopsy or brain surgery. Most cases had been falsely diagnosed as many other diseases. Conclusions Most patients with cryptococcosis should be chronic or sub chronic in onset, and their clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid routine and biochemical test, or CT and MRI are lack of specificity. The finding of Cryptococcus in cerebrospinal fluid culture and brain biopsy should be the golden standard of diagnosis.

In order to reduce the impact of various noise in pulse signal, the quality estimation and filtering algorithms based on cyclostationarity are proposed to reprocess pulse signal. First, A quality evaluation index of pulse signal which named quality factor is defined by cyclic spectrum to describe the quality variation of the pulse signal affected by noise; Second, a cyclic correlation matched filter (CCMF) is designed to remove noise. The simulation of pulse signal is produced by ourselves and noise signal is provided by MIT-BIH physiological database are used to test the function of proposed method, and then the method is applied to the actual pulse signal. The results show that the quality factor can accurately reflect the quality of the pulse signal and the CCMF can effectively remove noise from pulse signal.
Algorithms ; Databases, Factual ; Heart Rate ; Humans

Objective To investigate the relationship among IGF-II expression and cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods 60 paraffin embedded samples of human colorectal adenocarcinomas were used in this study. IGF-ⅡmRNA expression was detected by in situ hybridization, proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL technology. Fifteen normal colorectal tissues were used as controls. Computerized image analysis system qualitatively analyzed the positive ratio of above three indices in the cancer and normal tissues. Results The percentage of IGF-ⅡmRNA expression was significantly higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma (39.64%?7.32%) than that in normal colorectal tissues (23.21%?4.10%) (P

Objective To observe the effect of intravenous thrombolysis on TIMI flow of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods A total of 229 patients with AMI analysed retrospectively were divided into two groups:intravenous thrombolysis(IVT)group(n=131)and primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)group(n=98).The treatment time and acute-phase outcomes were compared between the IVT group and the PCI group;104 patients in the IVT group received rescued or delayed PCI(IVT+PCI);TIMI flow was analysed between the IVT+PCI group and the PCI group.Results The time from the emergency room door to initiation of treatment was shorter in the IVT group than in the PCI group(67.79 min vs 134.54 min,P=0.000).At the initial coronary angiography,TIMI 3 flow and TIMI 2+3 flow were higher in the IVT+PCI group than in the PCI group(40.4% vs 24.5%,P=0.016;63.5% vs 36.7%,P=0.000 respectively).There was no significant difference between the IVT group and the PCI group in terms of major adverse cardiac events(MACE).Conclusion IVT as an initial treatment for AMI might achieve earlier reperfusion at TIMI≥2 flow,and it should be popularized in the primary hospitals.

Objective To study the expression and enzyme activity of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in liver and peripheral blood of human and rats exposed to airborne arsenic through coal-burning as well as its role in liver injury of coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning.Methods This study was divided into 2 parts.Part 1 was a population study:133 local residents exposed to airborne arsenic through coal-burning were selected as arsenic exposure groups including a non-patient group (25 cases),no obvious hepatopathy group (38 cases),mild (43 cases) and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups (27 cases) from areas affected by endemic arsenism in Guizhou Province.Thirty-four healthy residents from arsenic not affected areas were selected as controls.Peripheral blood samples were collected from all these people.The expression of TrxR1 mRNA was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR),and enzyme activity of TrxR was tested by visible spectrophotometry.Part 2 was an animal experiment study:Thirty Wistar rats,weighing about 80-100 g,were divided into control group,drinking-waterborne arsenic poisoning group and coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning group (including low,medium and high arsenic contaminated grain groups) by means of a table of random number according to body mass,6 rats in each group.The control group was fed with normal diet for 3 months; drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning group and coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning group were fed with 10 mg/kg As2O3 solution and different concentrations(25,50,100 mg/kg) of arsenic-containing feed,respectively,for 3 months.The expression of TrxR1 mRNA was determined by qPCR; protein expression level of TrxR1 in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry,and enzyme activity of TrxR in serum and liver tissue was tested by visible spectrophotometry.Results The mRNA expressions of TrxR1 in peripheral blood were 1.599 8 (1.128 9-2.156 8),1.469 3 (1.146 1-1.976 3),1.203 6 (0.463 1-1.816 2) and 0.912 3(0.631 8-1.535 0),respectively,among non-patient group,no obvious hepatopathy group,mild and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups.Compared to the control group[1.649 7(1.161 1-2.380 2)],the differences were significant statistically in mild and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The enzyme activity of TrxR in peripheral blood was (3.12 ± 0.76),(2.81 ± 0.84),(2.52 ± 0.73),(2.42 ± 0.76)U/ml,respectively,in those corresponding groups.Compared to the control group [(3.02 ± 0.70)U/ml],the differences were significant statistically in mild and moderate to severe hepatopathy groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressions of TrxR1 in peripheral blood were 1.05 ± 0.14,1.18 ± 0.18,1.04 ± 0.10 and 0.97 ± 0.13,respectively,among drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning group,low,medium and high arsenic contaminated grain groups; all of which were lower than that in the control group (1.23 ± 0.15,all P ＜ 0.05) except that of the low arsenic contaminated grain group.The mRNA expressions of TrxR1 in liver tissue were 0.78± 0.10,0.83 ± 0.10,0.79 ± 0.09 and 0.77 ± 0.11,respectively; all of which were lower than that in the control group (0.94 ± 0.12,all P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression of TrxR1 in liver tissue was 310.33 ± 38.81,312.50 ± 23.36,305.67 ± 20.57 and 298.17 ± 23.52,respectively,among the arsenic poisoning groups; all of which were lower than that in the control group (348.50 ± 32.35,all P ＜ 0.05).The enzyme activity of TrxR in serum was (4.22 ± 0.73),(4.86 ± 0.63),(4.04 ± 0.57),(3.73 ± 0.64)U/ml,respectively; all of which were lower than that in the control group [(9.52 ± 1.08)U/ml,all P ＜ 0.05].The enzyme activity of TrxR in liver tissue was (14.82 ± 1.67),(18.76 ± 2.76),(14.90 ± 2.17),(11.55 ± 1.74) U/mg,respectively; all of which were lower than that in the control group [(23.71 ± 3.05)U/mg,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Arsenic aggravates liver injury of coal-burning arsenic poisoning through down-regulating the expressions of TrxR1 mRNA and protein and reducing its enzyme activity as well.

With the implementation of the strategies for the development of our country through science and education and talents, and of the"211 and 985 projects", there has been a more substantial increase in the scientific and technological strength and international competitiveness of research universities, reflected in the year-by-year increase in the number and total funding of research projects taken up by universities, and in the output results. All the achievements rely on the increasing investment of the government in the fields of science and technology and on hard-working scholars and students who devote themselves to scientific research, as well as the prospective planning and scientific decision making of leaders, and the concerted efforts, standard management and guiding service of the administrative departments. In the present paper the important role of the president's office of a university in ensuring that research work can be running smoothly is explored through analysis on the assistant role of the president's office of Peking University Health Science Center, and its practice in the provision of service-oriented management and promotion of the innovation and development of scientific research by close cooperation with the research management department and integrated coordination of all the individual administrative departments.

The aim is to explore a teaching-centered management system to suit the development of clinical medicine education for international students by setting the educational aim and making training plans in combination with the present condition of the university.All the aspects of teaching such as the establishment of the teaching rules,training of the teachers,reform in teaching,teaching material as well as the teaching and student management and the service in the dorm are strengthened,so as to ensure the steady development of the foreign students education.

Teaching the foreign students clinical medicine in English in the earlier period of foreign students education has played a vital role but also has such problems as teachers,difficulties in the later teaching and so on.Through practice we find that it is necessary to transit the mode from teaching in English to bilingual education,and finally teaching in Chinese in the internship to conform with the present medical foreign students education situation.Therefore ability of teaching in English and proficiency in Chinese are needed to improved as soon as possible.

Objective To explore the effects and the possible mechanism of Gingko biloba on liver injury due to arsenic poisoning in rats,and to provide experimental evidence for prevention and treatment of arsenic poisoning.Methods The corn powder baked by high arsenic coal was served as the main raw material to make feed containing arsenic.Forty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their body weights,including control group A,arsenic poisoning group,control group B,natural recovery group and Ginkgo biloba treatment group,eight rats in each group,half male and half female.The control group A rats were fed with normal diet ad libitum for 3.0 months;the arsenic poisoning group rats were freely given feed containing arsenic (100 mg/kg) for 3.0 months;the control group B rats were fed with normal diet ad libitum for 4.5 months;the natural recovery group rats were freely given arsenic (100 mg/kg) feed for 3.0 months,and then given a normal diet for 1.5 months;Ginkgo biloba treatment rats ingested arsenic feed for 3.0 months,and then give Ginkgo biloba solution (25 mg/kg) orally,6 d/week for 1.5 months,then back to normal diet.The content of arsenic in urine,liver,as well as the liver function indices [alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),total bile acids (TBA),gamma glutamyl aminopeptidase (GGT),glutathione S-transferase (GSTs)] and the oxidative stress indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GPx),thiol (-SH),malondialdehyde （MDA)] of liver homogenate,were measured.Results The arsenic content of urine and liver (geometric mean) of the rats in arsenic poisoning group (2 991.24 μg/g Cr,4.29 μg/g) were significantly higher than those in control group A (91.59 μg/g Cr,1.00 μg/g).Urinary arsenic and liver arsenic levels of rats in natural recovery and Ginkgo biloba treatment groups (467.39,334.48 μg/g Cr;,3.15,1.88 μg/g) were higher than those in control group B (99.54 μg/g Cr,0.85 μg/g).The arsenic contents of urine of the rats in natural recovery group,the arsenic contents of urine and liver of rats of Ginkgo biloba treatment group were all lower than those in arsenic poisoning group.The differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The activity/contents of AST,TBA,GGT,GSTs of rats in arsenic poisoning group [(212.88 ± 29.76) U/L,(19.19 ± 4.33) μmol/L,(1.73 ± 0.50) U/L,(196.21 ± 47.38) U/L] were all significantly higher than those in control group A [(142.63 ± 24.20) U/L,(6.23 ± 2.95) μmol/L,(0.77 ± 0.32) U/L,(142.86 ± 28.58) U/L].The activity/contents of TBA,GGT,GSTs in natural recovery group were (17.07 ± 3.92) μ,mol/L,(1.47 ± 0.57) U/L and (178.06 ± 27.37) U/L;and the contents of TBA in Ginkgo biloba treatment group were (13.60 ± 3.00) μmol/L;which were all higher than those in control group B [(7.55 ± 2.45) μmol/L,(0.74 ± 0.51) U/L,(145.17 ± 28.59) U/L].The activity of AST in natural recovery group [(137.44 ± 23.20) U/L],the activity/contents of AST,TBA,GGT and GSTs in Ginkgo biloba treatment group[(129.63 ± 31.25) U/L,(13.60 ± 3.00) μmol/L,(1.15 ± 0.48) U/L,(155.64 ± 20.79) U/L,respectively] were all lower than those in arsenic poisoning group.The content of TBA in Ginkgo biloba treatment group was lower than that of natural recovery group.The differences of those indexes were all significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The activity/contents of SOD,GPx and-SH in arsenic poisoning group [(46.34 ± 11.39),(275.16 ± 92.00) U/mg prot and (0.08 ± 0.02) μmol/mg prot] were all significantly lower than those in control group A [(75.52 ± 8.72),(1 351.01 ± 395.96) U/mg prot,(0.13 ± 0.01) μmol/mg prot].The activity of SOD and GPx in natural recovery group [(42.44 ± 9.58),(694.87 ± 187.01) U/mg prot] were all lower than those in control group B [(68.17 ± 11.11),(1 342.80 ± 185.04) U/mg prot].The activity of GPx in natural recovery group,the activity/contents of SOD,GPx,-SH in Ginkgo biloba treatment group [(63.90 ± 10.44),(1 283.28 ± 373.87) U/mg prot,(0.12-± 0.02) μmol/mg prot] were all higher than those in arsenic poisoning group.The contents of SOD,GPx,-SH in Ginkgo biloba treatment group were higher than those of natural recovery group.The content of MDA in arsenic poisoning group [(3.05 ± 0.94) nmol/mg prot] was higher than that in control group A [(1.67 ± 0.55) nmol/mg prot].The content of MDA of rats in natural recovery and Ginkgo biloba treatment groups were (2.22 ± 0.93),(1.77 ± 0.37) nmol/mg prot,which were lower than those in the arsenic poisoning group.The differences of the above indexes were all significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba can reduce the accumulation of arsenic in the liver and ameliorate lipid peroxidation,relieve liver injury effectively in rats caused by coal-burning arsenic.

Objective To investigate the effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on the expressions of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in human normal liver cells (L-02).Methods L-02 cells were exposed to different doses of NaAsO2 (0,50,100,150 μmol/L) for 24 h,flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle,real time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the Cyclin D1,CDK4 mRNA and protein expression.Results Cell cycle detection:compared with the control group G0-G1 phase [(60.33 ± 0.40)％],except 50 μmol/L NaAsO2 group [(54.58 ± 0.40)％],the numbers of cells in 100 and 150 μmol/L NaAsO2 groups [(64.60 ± 0.62)％,(83.13 ± 0.25)％] were increased,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);cell proportion of S phase in the control group,50,100 and 150 μmol/L NaAsO2 groups [(34.35 ± 0.30)％,(29.89 ± 0.32)％,(29.50 ± 0.44)％,(11.93 ± 0.12)％] were decreased,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);cell proportion of G2-M phase was compared between the control group,50,100 and 150 μmol/L NaAsO2 groups [(5.32 ± 0.11)％,(15.54 ± 0.14)％,(5.90 ± 0.20)％,(4.93 ± 0.15)％],the difference was statistically significant (F =908.359,P ＜ 0.05).Cyclin D1 and CDK4 detection:the expressions of Cyclin D1 mRNA (0.48 ± 0.17,1.00 ± 0.31,1.00 ± 0.21,2.06 ± 0.53) and protein (0.65 ± 0.02,0.64 ± 0.05,0.71 ± 0.10,0.84 ± 0.05) were compared betwee the control group,50,100 and 150 μmol/L NaAsO2 groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =167.886,46.575,all P ＜ 0.05);the expressions of CDK4 mRNA (1.04 ± 0.19,1.00 ± 0.21,1.29 ± 0.22,2.31 ± 0.31) and protein (0.67 ± 0.04,0.74 ± 0.03,0.83 ± 0.07,0.94 ± 0.04) were compared betwee the control group,50,100 and 150 μ mol/L NaAsO2 groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =95.171,145.848,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment of L-02 cells with NaAsO2 has changed the expressions of Cyclin D1,CDK4 mRNA and protein,which leads to L-02 cell cycle arrested at G0-G1 phase,ultimately leads to cell damage.