Objective To investigate the mechanism of acquisition of HLA-G1 antigen by NK cells.Methods K562 cells stably expressing HLA-G1 antigen (K562-G1) were constructed.K562-G1 cells, K562 cells and shed HLA-G1 were respectively co-cultured with NK-92MI cells to observe the acquisi-tion of HLA-G by NK cells.To further investigate the mechanism , NK-92MI cells with blockage HLA-G re-ceptors were further co-cultured with K562-G1 cells and HLA-G1 proteins expressing on K 562-G1 cells were blocked and then co-cultured with NK-92MI cells. Acquisition of HLA-G 1 by NK-92MI cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy .The effects of HLA-G1 expression on the cytotoxicity of NK-92MI cell were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis based on CD 107a labeling.R esults NK-92MI cells could quickly acquire HLA-G1 from K562-G1 cells in co-culture experiments .Blockade of HLA-G1 or its re-ceptors KIR2DL4 and ILT2 with specific mAbs did not affect the acquisition of HLA-G1 by NK-92MI cells. Moreover, HLA-G1 could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cell ( P<0.01).Conclu sion NK-92MI cells acquire HLA-G1 from K562-G1 cells via trogocytosis , which is not associated with affinity be-tween receptor and ligand , extracellular domain of HLA-G1 or passive adhesion .

Objective To establish the expression of membrane-bound HLA-G1-G4 isoforms in choriocarcinoma cell line JAR and to investigate its roles in NK cytotoxicity in vitro. Methods Stable expression of HLA-G1, -G2, -G3 and -G4 in JAR cells was established by gene cloning and transfection.HLA-Gtranscripts and protein expression in the transfected JAR cells was tested by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blot and immunocytochemistry, respectively. High-affinity peptide KIPAQFYIL pulsing was performed to evaluate its effects on HLA-G expression. Effects of HLA-G1-G4 isoforms on NK cytotoxicity was performed with lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing method. Results RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry results showed that exogenous HLA-G1-G4 gene were successfully transfected and proteins were stably expressed in the HLA-G negative JAR cells; Flow cytometry data showed that only HLAG1, but not HLA-G2-G4 isoform was detectable in those transfected JAR cells and the peptide pulsing did not affect their expression status. However, all HLA-G1-G4 isoform expressed JAR cells could significantly decreased the NK cell cytotoxicity (P＜0.05). Conclusion HLA-G1-G4 isoform expression could dramatically inhibit NK-92 cell lysis, indicating that membrane-bound HLA-G isoforms are importantly immunotolerant and may play immune regulation roles in various physio-pathological situations.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of different HLA-G isoform mRNA patterns in different cells alters its cell membrane expression.Methods RT-PCR was used to analyze HLA-G isoform mRNA(HLA-Gl-6)of ovarian cancer cell lines HO-8910,HO-8910PM and OVCAR-3,leukemia cell lines Jurkat,K562,HIJ60,MUTIZ-1,and the chorioeareinoma cell lines JEG-3,JAR.HLA-G between cellular membrane and intracellular expression were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results All HLA-G mRNA isoforms were observed in the positive control cell line JEG-3,but none in the negative control cell line JAR.HLA-G1 isoform mRNA was expressed in HO-8910,HO-8910PM,OVCAR-3,MUTZ-1 and Jurkat cells.HLA-G2 mRNA was not detected in any cell line but JEG-3.HLA-G3 mRNA was found in HO-8910,HO-8910PM,K562,HIJ60,MUTZ-1,OVCAR-3 and Jurkat cells.HO-8910,HO-8910PM,HIJ60,Jurkat cells expre8sed HLA-G4 mRNA.Only the Jurkat cells expressed HLA-G5 mRNA.FACS results showed that JEG3 and HO-8910PM cells membrane expressed HLA-G,however,the intraeellular HLA-G expression was detected in all tested cells except the negative control cell JAR.Conclusion Only the HLA-G1 isoform could be exDressed on cell membrane in particular cell lines. Other isoforms including HLA-C2,-G3,-G4,-G5 and HLA-G6 could not reach cell snrface.

Human leukocyte antigen G ( HLA-G) is a member of the non-classical HLA classⅠb family. It is considered to play a crucial role in immune tolerance. A unique feature of HLA-G is the struc-tural diversity as surface expressed and as secreted molecules, which is mainly attributed to alternative spli-cing of the primary transcript. HLA-G can promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through various ways. In addition, HLA-G has been described included in exosomes. Exosomes released by most cell types are nano-sized vesicular bodies that contain lipid bilayer and rich contents. As a new marker for diseases, exosomes are extensively involved in the occurrence and development of diseases. Recent studies have found that exosomes can express soluble HLA-G, which reveal a new way by which HLA-G regulates tumor micro-environment. In this review, we focus on the expression of HLA-G on exosomes to provide new thoughts for the early detection and treatment of tumors.

Objective To determine contact allergens and their clinical significance in patients with dermatitis or eczema in Wuxi city.MethodsPatch test was conducted in 1065 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dermatitis or eczema.A statistical analysis was carried out.Results Positive patch test reactions were observed in 83.19％ of the patients,with no statistical differences in the frequency of positive patch test reactions between female and male patients or between patients of different age groups.The most frequent 6 allergens were potassium dichromate,cobalt chloride,nickle sulfate,formaldehyde,carba mix and fragrance mix in these patients.Female patients showed a higher frequency of positive patch test reaction to nickle sulfate and formaldehyde,but a lower frequency to potassium dichromate and carba mix compared with male patients (all P＜ 0.01 ); young,middle-aged,and old patients exhibited an increased frequency of positive reaction to cobaly chloride compared with child patients,while young and middle-aged patients showed a decreased frequency to nickel sulfate compared with child patients (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Potassium dichromate,cobalt chloride,nickle sulfate,formaldehyde,carba mix and fragrance mix are the main allergens causing dermatitis and eczema in Wuxi city.

Objective To explore issues of the human tissue biobank, ranging from its establishment, collection and preservation of samples, quality control, management and application. Methods Development of standardized operational procedures, collection of such samples as fresh frozen tissues from the surgery, paraffin-embedded tissues, whole blood, serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid. Specimens were classified and made aliquots according to different requirements, and then stored at room temperature, -80℃ refrigerator or in liquid nitrogen. Microsoft Access database system was used in the management of these specimens. Results From September 2004 to September 2008, a total of 11 872 samples from patients with benign and malignant diseases were collected and preserved. Among them, 4360 tubes of fresh frozen tissue samples from 2500 cases were provided within and beyond the province. These samples were also applied to DNA, RNA, protein extraction and tissue microarray, and immunohistochemistry-related research. Conclusion Human tissue biobank is highly useful in sharing human tissue resources effectively, as it can provide high quality specimens from benign and malignant diseases and normal control. In addition, it plays a very important role in exploring pathogenesis, developing new technologies for early detection of disease and new therapeutic strategies.

OBJECTIVE:To provide evidence for strengthening education and training before clinical practice and employment guidance among pharmacy junior students of our university. METHODS:Anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted for our university. Questionnaire survey included student employment intention and internship units,relationship of internships with employ-ment,the tendency of employment after graduation,personal attitude about pharmaceutical professional development prospect,ex-pected monthly income in the first year of their career,etc. RESULTS:Totally 71 questionnaires were sent out,71 were effectively received. Among all respondents,74.3%(52 students)believed employment intention had great relationship with internship units;24.3%(17 students)thought employment intention had not great relationship with internship units;moreover,one student thought employment intention had no any relationship with internship units. Most students(94.3%,66 students)with good attitude on in-ternships believed it could accumulate work experience;32.9%(23 students) thought they could stay in the internship unit after practice;moreover,17.1%(12 students) believed practice had little effect on employment. Among them,94.0%(63 students) tended to be employed after graduation,and only 6.0% chose a graduate school to continue their studies. Among the students who chose employment after graduation,76.1%(51 students)tended to engage in pharmaceutical related work,while 17.9%(12 stu-dents) tended to be engaged in work nothing to do with pharmacy or self-employed. The majority (69.6%,48 students) believed that pharmaceutical major prospect was general and pharmaceutical major development varied from person to person;17.4%(12 students)thought pharmaceutical major had good prospect and was promising;13.0%(9 students)believed that pharmaceutical ma-jor had no good prospect and didn't know its prospect. Most of the students(78.2%,54 students)expected a monthly income of 2500-5000 yuan in the first year of their career;18.9%expected a monthly income more than 5000 yuan(13 students);the minor-ity expected a monthly income of 1500-2500 yuan or more than 8000 yuan. CONCLUSIONS:The view of students on internship and employment have a certain gap with the social situation. Related departments of colleges and universities need to adjust the thought of students and strengthen guidance.

Objective To detect sHLA-G expression in plasma exosomes in patients with colorectal cancer and evaluate its clinical significance.Methods Retrospective study.Plasma was collected from 52 primary CRC patients,20 colorectal polyps patients,20 inflammatory bowel disease patients and 25 healthy donors in the Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from May 2017 to August 2018.The exosomes were extracted by exoEasyMaxikit and identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western blot.Exosomal sHLA-G was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The diagnostic values of exosomal sHLA-G detected by FCM and ELISA were assessed,and their diagnostic performances were compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen CA19-9 by ROC curve and Youden index.Results The peak size of exosomes extracted from plasma in CRC patients was 101.1 nm and Western blot showed these exosomes expressed marker CD63,CDS1,and TSG101.Exosomal sHLA-G of CRC patients [28.0(21.5-35.1)U/ml] was significantly higher than that in healthy controls[19.6(16.8-21.3) U/ml,U=143.0,P＜0.001],colorectal polyps patients[19.7(16.2-22.5)U/ml,U=180.0,P＜0.001] as well as inflammatory bowel disease patients[19.9(16.7-25.2)U/ml,U=197,P＜0.001].The postoperative sHLA-G level[19.6(17.8-26.3)U / ml,U=325.5,P=0.015] was significantly lower than that in pre-operation.Exosomal sHLA-G was significantly different in different tumor status(U=64.0,P=0.006),lymph node metastasis (U=81.0,P=0.003) and TNM stage (U=105.0,P=0.015) in patients with CRC.ROC curve showed the area under the curve (AUC) of exosomal sHLA-G detected by FCM and ELISA,CEA and CA19-9 was 0.962±0.019,0.899±0.038,0.786±0.058,0.680±0.068,respectively.The difference of AUC was operated by Z test,and it showed that the exosomal sHLA-G detected by FCM was superior to CEA(Z=2.884,P=0.004)and CA19-9(Z=3.994,P＜0.001),and the exosomal sHLA-G detected by ELISA was superior to CA19-9(Z=2.811,P=0.005).Conclusion Plasma exosomal sHLA-G was associated with the progression of CRC and its diagnostic value was superior to the traditional tumor markers CEA and CA 19-9.

Host immune response to viruses is critical for virus clearance and disease control. Dramatically decreased numbers and exhaustion of immune cells are common in COVID-19 patients, which is found to be closely related to the severity of the disease and poor prognosis. Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is an important immune checkpoint that can specifically bind to various immunosuppressive receptors expressed by immune cells, and systematically suppress the host immune response. Recent studies have shown that HLA-G gene polymorphism and its expression are of great significance for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the progression of COVID-19. In this review, the genetic and molecular characteristics of HLA-G, HLA-G/receptor signaling and immune function regulation, and its clinical significance in COVID-19 progression are summarized.

Under the condition of normalized epidemic prevention and control, the hospital should optimize the pre-operation management process of day surgery according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control and the needs of patients. The authors analyzed the problems existing in the pre operation management process of daytime operation in the past, and constructed the pre-operation management process of daytime operation from two aspects of wartime early warning management and peacetime process optimization. After the process optimization, the 24-hour discharge rate of patients with day surgery was improved, the non-surgery discharge rate and the rate of missed appointment were reduced. While strengthening the prevention and control of the epidemic, the process could promote the continuous improvement of the quality of day surgery management.