OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic drug monitoring results of valproic acid( anti- epileptic drug) . METH-ODS: The concentrations of valproic acid in 226 cases in our hospital were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS: The results showed that 47. 79% were within the normal referenced concentration range, with average concentration at( 66. 19? 12. 13) ? g? mL- 1, 46. 90% were below the lower limit and 5. 31% were above the upper limit. CONCLUS-ION: The monitoring results are far from satisfactory. It is advisable to adopt individualized administration so as to achieve the goal of treatment.

0.05), but significant difference when compared the older-age group with the young & middle-age group(P

0 05) CONCL_USION:The adsorption of infusion set will not result in obvious changes of drug concentration

AIM: To explore the efficacy and safety of sutureless autologous conjunctival transplantation under topical anesthesia in the treatment of pterygium.

METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 126 patients(126 eyes)with primary pterygium treated in the ophthalmology department of our hospital during 2018-01/2019-09 were selected as subjects. According to the mode of operation, the patients were divided into observation group(64 eyes, 64 cases in seamless autologous conjunctival transplantation group)and control group(62 eyes, 62 cases in suture group). The operation time, postoperative wound healing time, ocular irritation symptoms, tear film rupture time and postoperative recurrence were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The operation time of the patients in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(t=6.19, P<0.01); The conjunctival healing time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(t=12.82, P<0.01). The incidence of irritation symptoms in the control group was significantly lower than that in the control group(χ2=6.46, P=0.01). Except that there was no difference in the comparison of tear film rupture between the two groups before operation(t= -0.033, P>0.05), the comparison at different time points and the comparison between the two groups after operation were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There was no recurrence at 6 and 12mo in the observation group, but 1 eye and 2 eyes in the control group at 6 and 12mo, respectively. There was no significant difference in postoperative recurrence rate between the two groups(P >0.05).

CONCLUSION: Pterygium excision combined with seamless autologous conjunctival transplantation has a definite effect on pterygium, reduces the incidence of postoperative irritation symptoms, shortens the operation time and helps to promote postoperative conjunctival healing.

With the popularization of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE), a large number of one-piece corneal stromal lenticules are removed during surgery. As an additional product of surgery, the experimental research and clinical reuse of extracted corneal stromal lenticules from SMILE have become a research hotspot in recent years. Corneal stromal lenticules are thin and transparent, rich in sources, low in cost, and have the advantages of low immunogenicity and good tissue compatibility, so they can be used as important source of cells and corneal stroma research, and also can be used as good biomaterials for corneal reinforcement, patch graft, refractive correction, and lacrimal duct embolization in clinical study. This article reviews the clinical application of SMILE-derived lenticule in the treatment of corneal-related diseases, correction of hyperopia and presbyopia, coverage of glaucoma drainage valve to prevent their exposure, and its use in lacrimal duct plug, aiming to fully recognize the reuse of lenticules in clinical practice, expand its surgical indication, and providing new directions for the treatment of other eye diseases and its application in tissues and organs.

Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment worldwide, and the number of patients is increasing with the aging of the population, with dry ARMD accounting for about 90% of cases. Effective treatments for dry ARMD are currently lacking, making it a prominent area of research. Pharmacotherapy, targeting pathogenic factors such as oxidative damage, inflammation, and vascular issues contributing to ARMD, is one of the main treatments and some drugs have been shown to slow the progression of ARMD. This article reviews drug treatments for dry ARMD, including antioxidant drugs, complement biological agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants, vasodilators, neurotrophic drugs, as well as traditional Chinese medicine. It summarizes their mechanisms and recent clinical research to contribute valuable insights for the treatment of dry ARMD and the development of novel therapeutic agents.

Objective To obtain the physical anthropological characteristics of head and face of Tajik adults in Aketao, and to explore their ethnic origin through cluster analysis with other populations. Methods According to Anthropometric Method, 286 Tajik adults (male 121, female 165) in Aketao, Xinjiang were recruited and analyzed. The survey included 12 observation indicators of head and face, 19 measuring indicators of head and face, 12 indexes of head and face and its classification. Results The indicators of head length, head breadth, head height, minimum frontal breadth, face breadth, bigonial breadth, nose breadth, mouth breadth, auricular height, physiognomic facial height, morphological facial height, nasal length, nasal height, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth, zygomatic protection, nasal root height, nasal profile, nasal base of Tajik adults in Aketao had gender differences (P < 0. 05). Compared with the Tajik adults in Aketao and Taxkorgan, the type indicators of head and face of zygomatic protection, direction of eyeslits, nasal root height, nasal base, maximal diameter of nostrils, lobe types, nreadth-height index of head type, morphological facial index type, nasal index type had regional differences (P<0. 05). The cluster analysis showed that Tajik adults have unique characteristics of head and face, which were grouped separately and were more similar to Iranians. Conclusion Tajik adults in Aketao have the characteristics of head and face of the West Eurasian. The characteristics of head and face of Tajik adults in Aketao and Taxkorgan are somewhat different. From characteristics of head and face, they may be related to the Eastern Iranian tribe.