Objective To study the influence of carbamazepine on the neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium. Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅱ patients scheduled for neurosurgical operations were studied: 16 cases suffered from epilepsy were treated with carbamazepine for 24 to 180 months (carbamazepine group); the others suffered from intracranial tumors without antiepileptic treatment (noncarbamazepine group). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with target controlled with propofol 5 μ g/ml was monitored using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. The onset time and times of muscle relaxation recovery 25%,50%,75% was recorded. Results The onset time was no difference between two groups (P＞0.05),but the times of muscle relaxation recovery 25%, 50%, 75% in carbamazepine group [(23.9±3.8 ), ( 29.2 ±4.5 ), ( 36.0 ± 5.4 ) min] were shorter than those in non-carbamazepine group [( 34.0 ± 2.8 ), (40.5 ± 4.6),( 49.9 ± 5.3 ) min] ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The recovery index in carbamazepine group [( 12.1 ± 2.9 ) min] was shorter than that in non-carbamazepine group [(15.8 ± 3.1) min](P＜0.05 ). Conclusion The duration of the rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block is significantly shortened by preceding chronic carbamazepine therapy.

Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological features of diabetes mellitus (DM ) in Nan′an district of Chongqing ,and to investigate the relationship between blood glucose with various factors of sex ,age and body mass index(BMI) to provide the basis for prevention and treatment of DM .Methods Take the local resident population as the investigation object ,By u-sing the epidemiological investigation method of random sampling ,the native permanent residents were taken as the respondents ,the epidemiological survey including the general conditions (gender ,age ,occupation and nationality ) ,height ,weight ,waist circumfer-ence ,waistline ,blood pressure ,heredity family history ,environmental factors ,personal dietary habits and social psychological factors was performed .Results Among 10 932 permanent residents ,DM was found in 447 cases ,the prevalence rate was 4 .09% ,in which the prevalence rate of females was significantly higher than that of males ;the prevalence rate of DM showed an upward trend with the age increase ;the incidence rate of DM in the obesity population was obviously higher than that in the normal population .The people with smoking history ,hypertension ,dyslipidemia have higher incidence rate than the common populations .Conclusion DM is a disease closely related with the factors of sex ,age ,obesity ,smoking ,hypertension and dyslipidemia .Early intervention control has important significance .

OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect of galactoside-modified oleanolic acid solid lipid nanoparticles(OA-G10SLN)on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury of rats.METHODS:A total of 60 mice were assigned to normal control group,model group,OA regular solution group or OA-G10SLN group(25.0,12.5,and 2.5 mg?kg-1).Each group was injected from venal caudalis with corresponding drug q.d.for 7d.Acute hepatic injury model was induced by CCl4 on day 6 after medication except for the normal control group.The mice were sacrificed at d7 with serum levels of AST and ALT determined and histopathologic test of liver tissues performed.RESULTS:In OA-G10SLN group compared with model group,the serum levels of AST and ALT decreased markedly(P

Objective　To study the distribution of insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) in liver、 spleen、kidney、thymus and supraadrenal glands of fetus from 16 to 24 weeks.Method　Using ABC immunohistochemistry. Results　 IGF-I positive cells were found in these organs during this period of fetal life, but the differences of number and reaction intensity of IGF-I positive cells appeared in different organs and individuals.Conclusion　These organs tissues can express IGF-I during fetal development and play paracrine and/or autocrine role in cellular proliferation and differentiation of these fetal tissue.

Objective To investigate the functional and ultrastructural changes of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells at early stage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Methods The rat models with closed brain injury were established with the improved Marmarous method. The expressions of thrombomodulin (TM) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were determined by immunohistochemical techniques (5 rats per group) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (5 rats per group) respectively at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and at days 3 and 7 after injury. Results TM and vWF started expression at 4 hours, reached peak at 24 hours and recovered to normal at day 7 after TBI. The expression levels of TM and vWF at different time points in sham control group showed statistical difference compared with damage group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The activation of the cerebral microvascular endothelial cells at early stage after TBI is the main mechanism of early secondary brain injury.

A selective precolumn derivatization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of glucosamine in human plasma and urine has been developed and validated.Glucosamine was derivatized by o-phthalaldehyde/3-mercaptopropionic acid.Chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex ODS column (150 mm × 4.6mm,5μm) using linear gradient elution by a mobile phase consisting of methanol (A),and an aqueous solution containing 0.2％ ammonium acetate and 0.1％ formic acid (B) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min.Tolterodine tartrate was used as the internal standard (IS).With protein precipitation by acetonitrile and then the simple one-step derivatization,a sensitive bio-assay was achieved with the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) as low as 12 ng/mL for plasma.The standard addition calibration curves suitable for clinical sample analysis showed good linearity over the range of 0.012-8.27 μg/mL in plasma and 1.80-84.1 μg/mL in urine.The fully validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of compound glucosamine sulfate dispersible tablets in health Chinese volunteers receiving single oral doses at 500,1000 and 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate,as well as multiple oral doses of 500 mg t.i.d.for 7 consecutive days.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of triflusal capsule in healthy volunteers. METHODS:In ran-domized test,36 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were given low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose of Triflusal capsule(300 mg,600 mg and 900 mg),qd,for one day,and then pharmacokinetic study of single dose of Triflusal capsule was conducted;Triflusal capsule medium-dose group was continuously given medicine for 13 days,and then pharmacokinetic study of multiple dose of Triflusal capsule was conducted. The plasma concentration of triflusal was determined by LC-MS/MS,and Zorbax SB-C18 column was used with methanol-0.2% formic acid (80:20,V/V) at the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. ESI was adopted in MRM mode,negative ion detection was carried out,quantitative analysis m/z 247.1→161.1(triflusal),m/z 294.0→250.0(internal standard, diclofenac sodium). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 6.2 software,and the difference of them were compared. RESULTS:The linear range of triflusal were 0.05-20 μg/ml. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of triflusal capsules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups were as follows:t1/2 were (0.45 ± 0.20),(0.47 ± 0.10),(0.43 ± 0.20) h;tmax were (0.56±0.20),(0.60±0.20),(0.47±0.40)h;cmax were(3.30±0.98),(10.65±3.26),(13.96±4.88)μg/ml;AUC0-8 h were(3.99±0.93), (13.29±1.72),(19.62±6.78)μg·h/ml;within dose of 300-900 mg,linear relationship was found between cmax,AUC0-8 h and dose(R2=0.954,0.986). When reaching stable state of multiple dose,average blood concentration was(0.71±0.20)μg/ml;main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUCs(17.10±4.82)μg·h/ml,t1/2(0.49±0.10)h,tmax(0.85±0.62)h,cmax(11.58±3.99)μg/ml,AUC0-8 h (16.99±4.84)μg·h/ml,AUC0-∞(17.08±4.81)μg·h/ml;accumulation factor(1.28±0.40). tmax and t1/2 of single dose were similar to those of multiple dose. CONCLUSIONS:LC-MS/MS can determine the content of triflusal in human plasma rapidly and accurately, and accumulation phenomena exist in healthy Chinese volunteers,which shows linear pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Aim To research the protective effects of specnuezhenide, an active compound of traditional Chinese medicine, against CCl4-induced hepatic dam-age in mice. Methods The model of acute hepatic damage caused by CCl4 intraperitoneal injection on mice was obtained. The levels of ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum, the activities of MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px in liver homogenates, and the his-topathological organization of liver sections were also examined to observe the protective effects of specnu-ezhenide. Results Specnuezhenide markedly de-creased the CCl4-induced elevation of serum ALT and AST activities, and improved hepatic histopathology changes. Specnuezhenide also significantly decreased the content of MDA in liver tissues, meanwhile in-creased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, specnuezhenide reduced the lev-els of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 . Conclusions Specnu-ezhenide has significant protective effects against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in mice, and the possible un-derlying mechanisms of the activity could be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Medcial experiment teaching is an important part in medical education. It has an important effect on developing college students' thinking method in science,creating ability and strict style of work. In this article,we discuss achievements on the reform,the present situation and some problems exsiting in Zunyi Medcial College,expecting for further reform。

Aim To construct and express the fused gene of anti-glioma single chain Fv(39ScFv)/ human tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α ). Methods The mature peptide cDNA of TNF-α was fused to 3′ -terminus of ScFv gene. The 39ScFv-TNFα fusion gene was cloned into expression vector pET20b(＋ ) and induced to express in E.coli. Results The fusion protein expressed in E.coli account for 20％ of the total bacterial protein. It displayed a single band of Mr 44 000 by reducing SDS-PAGE and Western blot, and retained both of its anti-glioma immunoreactivity and biological activity of TNF. Conclusion The fusion gene was constructed and expressed successfully in E.coli. The fusion protein possessed bifunctional activities, it may prove useful in targeting immunotherapy against glioma.