0.05).Conclusions The serum concentration of C_3 rises and the titer of AChRAb decreases in MG patients after treatment with glucocorticoid. There is no correlation between C_3 concentration and titer of AChRAb. The complement possibly cooperates with AChRAb in pathogenesis of MG.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of stavudine and related substances METHODS:The Hypersil C18(4 6mm?150mm,5?m)was used as analysis column The mobile phase was methanol-water(13∶87,V/V) Detection wavelength was 264nm The flow rate was 1ml/min The column temperature was 20℃ RESULTS:The calibration curves was linear in the concentration range of 0 025～0 3mg/ml(r=0 9 999,n=6) The average recovery was 99 26%(RSD=0 76%) The contents of stavudine in 3 batches of semifinished materials and stavudine capsules(imported and domestic)were 99 48%,99 55%,99 32%(materials);97 21%,101 54%,98 92%(imported stavudine capsule);100 57%,97 86%,102 33%(domestic stavudine capsule)respectively CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate,sensitive and repeatable and it is suitable for the determination of stavudine and its preparations

Objective To investigate the expression of interleukin-18(IL-18) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 5(STAT5)in retina of 4-24-week-old diabetic rats, and explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Retinal gene expression profile of healthy and 8-week-old diabetic rats was established with restriction fragment differential display-polymerase chained reaction (RFDD-PCR), and the differences was analyzed by bioinformatics. IL-18 and STAT5 were filtrated as the candidate genes of DR. The expression of IL-18 and STAT5 in retina of diabetic rats with the age of 4, 8, and 24 weeks was observed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results The result of RFDD-PCR showed:expression of IL-18 was higher in healthy retina than that in diabetic one; expression of STAT5 was not found in healthy rats but in diabetic ones. The result of RT-PCR showed:compared with the normal, high expression of IL-18 was found in 4-week diabetic retina, reduced in 8-week one, and decreased to the lowest in 24-week one. The expression of STAT5 was not observed in healthy or 4-week diabetic retina, but occurred in 8-week one, and increased in 24-week one. Conclusion The expression of IL-18 and the activation of STAT5 may relate to the occurrance of DR. The expression of IL-18 doesn′t depend on the activation of STAT5.

AIM: To observe the effect of oxymatrine on sodium channel in isolated cardiomyocytes of guinea pig. METHODS: Single ventricular myocytes of guinea pigs were obtained by enzymatic dissociation. The whole - cell patch clamp recording technique was used to record the change of sodium current by different dosage of oxymatrine from 1 to 1 000 ?mol?L-1 . RESULTS: Oxymatrine decreased sodium current in a dose - dependent manner. Oxymatrine (100 ?mol?L-1) decreased the current density by 40% (P

Purpose　To study the proteins expression of genes related to apoptosis of retinal cells in development of human fetus．　Methods　Fifty cases of retinas of human fetus aged from 12 to 38 weeks were collected and paraffin embedded sections were made． Immunohistochemical method was used．　Results　Fas protein was expressed by cells of ganglion cell layer, inner and outer nuclear later, which were just formed on 16th week． It was not expressed until 38th week, Fas(+) staining appeared in layers of retina． Fas-L(+) staining was detected in cells of layers of retina on 26th week and the positive staining located in ganglion cell layer on 32th week． Neuronal fiber layer was Fas-L positive． Bax positive staining was detected on 8th week． Bax positive nucleus were observed mainly in GCL and ONL on 16th week． It was in INL on 24th week and in Müller cells inner terminates on 26th week． After this time, all cells of retina were bax immune negative staining． Bcl-2(+) staining appeared in differentiating neuroblastic layer on 16th week． Beginning on 24th week, bcl-2 (+) staining was observed in glial cells of GCL and inner terminates of Müller cell．　Conclusion　Apoptosis of developing retinal cell may be Fas/Fas-L independent and bax may be involved in apoptosis of the cells．

Objective To investigate the effect of acarbose on waist circumference (WC) in patients with IGR. Methods A total of 46 subjects with IGT (2 hPG>7.8 mmol/L) were selected in this study. All the subjects were given diet and exercise treatment for half a month and then treated with acarbose for 3 months in combination with life style modification. Self-paired method was adopted to compare islet βcell function and WC before and after the treatment. Results After acarbose treatment for 3 months ,islet βcell function were markedly improved. Insulin secretion of Fins and 2 hIns decreased ,early insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30 ) significantly increased ,and BMI and WC were reduced significantly (P<0.05) . Multiple regression analysis showed that there was correlation between WC and TG ,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and islet β-cell function index (HOMA-β) (P< 0.05). Conclusion Acarbose in combination with life style modification can improve islet β-cell function in patients with IGR and reduce WC and abdominal fat accumulation as well.

Objective　To study the distribution of insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) in liver、 spleen、kidney、thymus and supraadrenal glands of fetus from 16 to 24 weeks.Method　Using ABC immunohistochemistry. Results　 IGF-I positive cells were found in these organs during this period of fetal life, but the differences of number and reaction intensity of IGF-I positive cells appeared in different organs and individuals.Conclusion　These organs tissues can express IGF-I during fetal development and play paracrine and/or autocrine role in cellular proliferation and differentiation of these fetal tissue.

OBJECTIVE To investigate trans-fatty acids (TFA)contents in bakery food and assess TFA intake via bakery food and its energy contribution in Beijing and Guangzhou city.METHODS Bak-ery food sa mples were collected in 201 1 ,standard GC-method were used to determine TFA content,da-ta of TFA content were analyzed by t-test to evaluate for statistically significant differences.Si mple distri-bution model(determinative risk assess ment)of TFA intake was used to calculate individual TFA intake per day(g·d -1 ,% of total energy)in different populations(grouped by ages).RESULTS Average TFA content was ranging fro m 0.01 to 0.83 g /100 g sa mple in various kinds of bakery food.TFA con-tents were equal to or lower than 0.3 g /100 g in 77.1 % of biscuits,71 .8% of bread,67.0% of pas-tries.Wafer biscuit,sandwich biscuit,puff,cake,and croissants had higher TFA contents than others, and the level was 0.65 -0.83 g /100 g sa mple.TFA content in sandwich biscuit and pie decreased sig-nificantly after 2007.Average TFA intake via bakery food was 0.049 g·d -1 in Beijing and Guangzhou city,energy contribution was 0.027% which was far below the WHO reco mmended level (1 %). Population that are 3 to 6 years old had highest TFA intake and the TFA energy contribution was 0.041 %.CONCLUSION Most of bakery products in China contained low levels of TFA;consequently, health risk caused by TFA intake in Beijing and Guangzhou was unlikely to be a concerned.However, so me type of bakery foods had higher TFA contents which could be of greater concerned for risk management.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of Z-Guggulsterone(Z-GL)on blood coagulation and vascular endo-thelial functions of acute blood-stasis model rats and its mechanism. METHODS:40 rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive group(Aspirin tablet,50 mg/kg)and Z-GL low-dose and high-dose groups(25,50 mg/kg),with 8 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically every 12 h,and normal group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically for consecutive 7 times. After the fifth administration,except for normal group, those groups were given adrenalin hydrochloride subcutaneously+ice-cold water to induce acute blood-stasis model. Within 30 min after the last administration,aorta abdominalis sample were selected to detect the coagulation parameters [prothrombin time(PT), thrombin time (TT),activated partialthromboplastin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB)],and pathological changes of carotid artery were observed. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUEVCs) were divided into blank group (normal saline),model group (normal saline) and Z-GL low-concentration and high-concentration groups (25,50 μmol/L). After culturing for 24 h,the cells were exposed to glucose and oxygen deprivation for 6 h in model group and Z-GL groups. The expression of p-eNOS protein was detected. Other cells were selected,grouped,administrated and treated as above cells,and the NO level of these cells were detect-ed. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,PT,TT and APTT were all shortened in model group,while FIB content was in-creased (P<0.01);vascular endothelium was injured,and endothelial cells fell off from the wall. Compared with model group, PT,TT and APTT were prolonged in administration groups,while FIB content was decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);vascular en-dothelium injury was relieved. Results of p-eNOS protein and NO levels determination showed that compared with model group, p-eNOS protein and NO levels were increased in Z-GL groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Z-GL can significantly im-prove coagulation and vascular endothelium functions of blood-stasis model rats,and its mechanism may be associated with the acti-vation of eNOS and the increase of NO level.

Aim To study the pharmacokinetics characteristics of galanthamine hydrohromide sustained release tablets and conventional tablets in healthy volunteers after a single and multiple oral doses. MethodsA single and multiple oral doses of galanthamine hydrohromide sustained release tablets and conventional tablets were given to 20 healthy male volunteers in a randomized cross-over study. We developed an LC-MS assay using naloxone as the internal standard to determine the plasma concentrations of galanthamine, calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate the relative bioavailability and sustained release characteristics of galanthamine hydrohromide sustained release tablet. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of the sustained release tablet and conventional tablet obtained from the single-dose study were as follows: the HVD_12 C_max(time span during which the plasma concentration is at least half of the C_max value)were (15.4?1.7) h and (5.4?2.5) h, the retard quotients (R△,the HVD_12 C_max ratio of sustained release tablets to conventional tablets) of sustained release tablet was 3.4?1.4, the T_max were (4.4?1.5) h and (1.3?1.2) h, the C_max were (27.5?2.9) ?g?L-1 and (53.7?12.7) ?g?L-1.Results showed significant sustained release characteristics of the sustained release tablet. The relative bioavailability of the sustained release tablet was (95.9?14.2) %。The pharmacokinetic parameters of the sustained release tablet and conventional tablet obtained from the multi-dose study were as follows: the T_max were (3.0?1.6) h and (0.9?0.3) h,the CSS_max were (58.8?9.4) ?g?L-1 and (52.0?6.9) ?g?L-1,the CSS_min were (16.2?4.0) ?g?L-1 and (22.5?5.0) ?g?L-1,the C_av were (39.0?3.9) ?g?L-1 and (37.1?5.0) ?g?L-1,the DF were 1.1 ?0.3 and 0.8?0.1, respectively. Results of two one-side t test showed that AUC_SS、CSS_max、C_av of two tablets were bioeqivalent. Conclusion Results showed that the sustained release tablet and the regular tablet were bioequivalent in absorbed extent, and the sustained release tablet exhibited a good retarding effect in release.