Objective To investigate the pathological types and features of lymph nodes in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)patients with superficial lymphadenectasis.Methods The tissues of lymph nodes were obtained from 151 HIV/AIDS patients with superficial lymphadenectasis for pathological examination.The pathological results were observed by light microscope after Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE),acid-fast,periodic acid-Schiff (PAS),and digested-PAS(D-PAS)staining.The pathological results of lymph nodes were described and the correlation between pathological changes and CD4+T lymphocyte count was analyzed.Chisquare test was used for the statistic analysis.Results The benign lesions were found in 145 patients (96.0%),while the malignant tumors were found in 6 patients(4.0%).The pathological findings in the 151 HIV/AIDS patients included tuberculosis(72 patients),lymph node reactive hyperplasia(34patients),lymphatic fungal infections(23 patients,including penicillium diseases in 19 cases),AIDSrelated lymphadenectasis(14 cases),non-Hodgkin lymphoma(5 cases),benign fibrous histiocytoma (1 case).In addition,there were 83 patients(55.0%)with CD4+T lymphocyte count lower than 100×106/L.The frequency of penicillium diseases was higher in patients with lower CD4+T lymphocyte count(x2=7.757,P=0.021).Conclusions The major reasons for superficial lymphadenectasis in HIV/AIDS patients are infectious diseases,such as tuberculosis and fungal infections,which are common in patients with lower CD4+T lymphocyte counts.Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor in this patient population.

Objective To investigate the problem of adverse effects in common AIDS patients and AIDS patients with tuberculosis after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods The case group was composed of 106 patients with both AIDS and tuberculosis. The control group was composed of 134 common AIDS patients. The rates of adverse effects and the increase of CD4 + T cell count in those groups after first year HAART were observed and compared. Results The rates of adverse effects in the case group was 36. 8% ,which was more than that in the control group (26. 9%), but the difference was not significantly different(x2 =2.715, P =0. 099). The count of CD4+ T cell in most of the patients was increased after HAART (P ＜ 0. 01). The increase of CD4 + T cell count in the case group [(147.2 ±137.6)/μl] was higher that in the control group[(142. 1 ± 127. 0)/μl after six months HAART vs. (166. 5±133. 1)/μl in case group], and it was lower than that in control group after nine months HAART [(172.7±107.5)/μl], however the difference was not significant(P ＞0.05). Conclusions HAARTcould reconstruct the immunition of AIDS patients. The increase of CD4 + T cell count did not show significant difference between common AIDS patients and AIDS patients with tuberculosis after HAART. AIDS patients with tuberculosis might not increase the risk of development of adverse effects during HAART.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound guidance in the puncture of new internal fistula in deep arteriovenous of hemodialysis patients. Methods: Selected thirty patients with arteriovenous fistula not less than 5 mm deep in the Department of Hemodialysis Room of Wuhan First Hospital, and they were divided into observation group and control group by the method of random number generator in IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software, with 15 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional blind puncture by experienced nurses (849 times), while the observation group was treated with color Doppler ultrasound guided puncture (855 times). By comparing two groups of deep arteriovenous fistula in new fistula patients within 6 months of the one-time success rate of puncture, the incidence of adverse events such as subcutaneous hematoma, bleeding, pain, interruption or postponement of treatment, and accidental injury to arteries caused by puncture errors of internal fistula, and the patient′s satisfaction with the puncture and dialysis results was evaluated to observe the advantage of color Doppler ultrasound guidance in clinical application of deep arteriovenous new fistula puncture. Results: The success rate of one-time puncture for internal fistula puncture in observation group was 98.95% (846/855), which was significantly higher than that in control group 81.27% (690/849), and the difference was statistically significant (χ² = 149.753, P < 0.01). The incidence of subcutaneous hematoma, bleeding, pain, interruption or delayed treatment in observation group respectively was 0.58% (5/855), 0.94% (8/855), 0.47% (4/855) and 0, however, in control group was 17.20% (146/849), 2.47% (21/849), 2.12% (18/849) and 1.06% (9/849), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ²=145.557, 6.022, 7.875, Fisher′s exact test, P < 0.01 or 0.05). The incidence of arterial injury was extremely low in clinical practice, with 0 in observation group and 0.12 %(1/849) in control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The total incidence of adverse events caused by internal fistula puncture errors in the two groups was 1.99% (17/855) and 22.97% (195/849), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=172.126, P < 0.01). The average rank of satisfaction in observation group was 1 261.25, which was higher than control group 440.86, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-38.107, P < 0.01). Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasound guidance in the puncture of new internal fistula in deep arteriovenous of hemodialysis patients has important clinical application value. It can significantly improve the success rate of one-time new internal fistula puncture, reduce the occurrence of adverse events due to puncture failure, and reduce patient′s pain, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and incidence of illness of two-week duration, and the factors influencing these, among residents 15 years and older in four counties of Hunan Province. METHODS: Data were sampled from four counties of Hunan Province for the Fourth National Health Service Survey. Incidence and two-week prevalence of disease were used to assess the health service needs of residents. A non-conditional, stepwise logistic regression was employed to explore the influencing factors. RESULTS: The two-week prevalence and incidence were 11.5% and 3.9%, respectively, in four counties of Hunan. The three leading diseases of two-week prevalence were: respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Non-conditional stepwise logistic regression showed that urban residents had 0.64 times the risk of two-week illness compared with the rural residents (P< 0.05); residents in the 45-59 year age group and the 60+ year age group had 1.69 and 2.62 times the risk of two-week illness compared with residents in the 15-44 year age group, respectively (P<0.05). The widowed had 1.91 times the risk of prevalence of two-week illness contrasted to singles (P<0.05); the students had 0.29 times the risk of two-week illness contrasted to the workers (P<0.05); urban residents had 0.63 times the risk of two-week illness compared with the rural (P<0.05); the widowed had 2.37 times the risk of incidence of two-week illness compared with singles (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The majority of health service needs of residents of four counties is generated by three diseases: respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Relatively, rural residents, the elderly, employed persons and the widowed have higher health service needs than others and deserve specific attention.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; statistics & numerical data ; Digestive System Diseases ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To predict the burden caused by fatal road traffic injuries from 2015 to 2030. Methods We searched the websites of United Nations Population Division,United States Department of Agriculture,World Health Organization,China Energy Research Foundation and other agencies to obtain the predictive values of gross domestic product(GDP)per capita,urbanization, motorization and education from 2015 to 2030 in China. Predicted values were then applied to log-linear models to estimate the numbers and years of life lost due to road traffic injuries from 2015 to 2030. Results The mortality rate caused by road traffic injury decreased slightly,from 13.7/100 000 in 2015 to 11.8/100 000 in 2030. 191,189,183,169 thousand persons were estimated to die from road traffic crashes in 2015,2020,2025 and 2030,respectively,showing a declining trend. Years of Life Lost(YLLs)caused by road traffic deaths were predicted to be 6 918,6 634,6 189,5 513 thousand years in 2015,2020,2025 and 2030,respectively,also showing a gradual downward trend. But the YLLs displayed an increase among people at 55 years of age or older,between 2015 and 2030. Results from the sensitivity analysis showed a stable forecasting result. Conclusion Mortality, number of deaths and YLLs from road traffic crashes were predicted to decrease slightly,between 2015 and 2030 but the number of deaths and YLLs due to road traffic injuries will continue to increase from 2015 to 2030.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in a real-world setting.Methods:This was a real-world ambispective cohort study (MOMENT study) (Chinese clinical trial registry number: ChiCTR2200062067). Clinical data were collected from 198 patients who received mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy or combination therapy at 37 hospitals from January 2022 to January 2023, including 166 patients in the retrospective cohort and 32 patients in the prospective cohort; 10 patients in the treatment-na?ve group and 188 patients in the relapsed/refractory group. Clinical characteristics, efficacy and adverse events were summarized, and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed.Results:All 198 patients were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection for a median of 3 cycles (range 1-7 cycles); 28 cases were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy, and 170 cases were treated with the combination regimen. Among 188 relapsed/refractory patients, 45 cases (23.9%) were in complete remission (CR), 82 cases (43.6%) were in partial remission (PR), and 28 cases (14.9%) were in disease stabilization (SD), and 33 cases (17.6%) were in disease progression (PD), with an objective remission rate (ORR) of 67.6% (127/188). Among 10 treatment-na?ve patients, 4 cases (40.0%) were in CR, 5 cases (50.0%) were in PR, and 1 case (10.0%) was in PD, with an ORR of 90.0% (9/10). The median follow-up time was 2.9 months (95% CI 2.4-3.7 months), and the median PFS and OS of patients in relapsed/refractory and treatment-na?ve groups were not reached. In relapsed/refractory patients, the difference in ORR between patients with different number of treatment lines of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection [ORR of the second-line, the third-line and ≥the forth-line treatment was 74.4% (67/90), 73.9% (34/46) and 50.0% (26/52)] was statistically significant ( P = 0.008). Of the 198 PTCL patients, 182 cases (91.9%) experienced at least 1 time of treatment-related adverse events, and the incidence rate of ≥grade 3 adverse events was 66.7% (132/198), which was mainly characterized by hematologic adverse events. The ≥ grade 3 hematologic adverse events mainly included decreased lymphocyte count, decreased neutrophil count, decreased white blood cell count, and anemia; non-hematologic adverse events were mostly grade 1-2, mainly including pigmentation disorders and upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusions:The use of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection-containing regimen in the treatment of PTCL has definite efficacy and is well tolerated, and it is a new therapeutic option for PTCL patients.

OBJECTIVETo predict the burden caused by fatal road traffic injuries from 2015 to 2030.

METHODSWe searched the websites of United Nations Population Division,United States Department of Agriculture, World Health Organization, China Energy Research Foundation and other agencies to obtain the predictive values of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urbanization, motorization and education from 2015 to 2030 in China. Predicted values were then applied to log-linear models to estimate the numbers and years of life lost due to road traffic injuries from 2015 to 2030.

RESULTSThe mortality rate caused by road traffic injury decreased slightly, from 13.7/100 000 in 2015 to 11.8/100 000 in 2030. 191, 189, 183, 169 thousand persons were estimated to die from road traffic crashes in 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030, respectively, showing a declining trend. Years of Life Lost (YLLs) caused by road traffic deaths were predicted to be 6 918, 6 634, 6 189, 5 513 thousand years in 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030, respectively, also showing a gradual downward trend. But the YLLs displayed an increase among people at 55 years of age or older, between 2015 and 2030. Results from the sensitivity analysis showed a stable forecasting result.

CONCLUSIONMortality, number of deaths and YLLs from road traffic crashes were predicted to decrease slightly, between 2015 and 2030 but the number of deaths and YLLs due to road traffic injuries will continue to increase from 2015 to 2030.

Accidents, Traffic ; mortality ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult