Objective: To optimize the extraction process for Jiangmeiling Capsule(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis). Methods : Uniformity design was used in extraction adoption with schisandrin, schisantherin, deoxyschisandrin, -schisandrin as marker. Results : The optimum process was that 95% alcohol used as extraction solvent, macerated twice for 20h and 10h, respectively, the amount of solvent added up to 10 and 9 times of herbs. The extraction efficiency was 97.47%, 95.81%, 93.77% and 95.82%, respectively. Conclusion : The extraction process was stable. The experimental results provided the basis for ascertainment of Jiangmeiling Capsule.

AIM: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of schisandrin、 deoxy-schisandrin and ?-schisandrin in Jiangmeiling Capsule(extract of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis). METHODS: The determination was performed by RP-HPLC on Kromasil TM C 18 column(200mm?4.6mm, 5?m) using methanol-H 2O (75∶25) as a mobile phase, flow rate at 1.0mL?min -1, detection wavelength at 224nm. RESULTS: The linear range of schisandrin was 0.02228～0.24508?g,r=0.9996. The average recovery was 101.87%, RSD=1.37% (n=5). The linear range of deoxyschisandrin was 0. 02188～0. 24068?g, r=0.9997. The average recovery was 99.75%, RSD=0.94% (n=5). The linear range of ?-schisandrin was 0.01975～0.2172?g, r=0.9996. The average recovery was 100.90%, RSD=0.99% (n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is convenient, sensitive and accurate. It can be a method for quality control in production of Jiangmeiling capsule.

Aim: To develop a new preparation consisting of colon adhesive pellets of sodium 4-amino salicylate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and to characterize the adhesive of the prepared pellets. Methods: Centrifu-gation-granulation was used to prepare sodium 4-amino salicylate pellets into which HPMC K4M and Carbomer 934P as matrix were incorporated. The pellets were coated with Surlease~((R)), and filled into enteric-coated cap-sules. The release of sodium 4-amino salicylate from the pellets was evaluated in the pH 7. 4 buffer. The adhesive property of the pellets was characterized by evaluating the transit rate of the pellets in the rat intestine in vivo, and by determing the remaining( %) of the pellets in the isolated rat colonic segment in vitro. The adhesive of the pel-lets in vivo was also verified by X-rays. Results: It was shown that the resultant pellets of round shape, good uni-formity in size, and favorable rigidity possessed the colon-adhesive and sustained-release properties. Conclusion:The simple, economical and practical approach was sucessfully utilized in the preparation of sodium 4-amino sa-licylate pellets with the remarked colonic adhesion and targeting.

This study aimed at comparing the United States, Britain, Australia, the Netherlands and China’s national performance evaluation, and sum up the experience to provide a theoretical basis for the China’s development of hospital performance evaluation system. The study found that China needs to consider the patient's perspective, to establish a fixed third-party performance evaluation agencies, establish an effective incentive mechanism and feedback mechanism and combine a variety of assessment methods in the development of hospital performance evaluation index system.

The paper described the development stages of a hospital performance evaluation scale based on patient experience.An empirical application on 7 856 patients of 26 hospitals in four provinces in the country identified the challenges encountered in the course of its application.These include limits of patients experience,variations on the experience reports incurred by different services experienced by patients,and setting of the patient-inpatient ratio among others.Solutions proposed based on these studies aim at creating a patient experience scale tailored to Chinese patients.

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of prostate carcinoma (Pca) has been increasing in China. We detected Pca in elderly men in Changchun, north China and the significance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in mass screening and clinical staging of Pca.

METHODSSerum PSA from 12,027 men over 50 years old from Changchun was analyzed. In case of serum PSA greater than 4.0 ng/ml, the patient was suspected of potentially suffering from Pca, and transrectal six-point puncture prostate biopsies were performed under ultrasound guidance. Pathological examinations were performed on the biopsy tissue, and ABCD and TNM clinical stagings were used in accordance with international standards. Correlations between serum PSA level and clinical stage were analyzed.

RESULTSPSA was greater than 4.0 ng/ml in 813 patients (6.8% of the 12,027 men). Transrectal six-point prostate puncture biopsies guided by ultrasound were performed in 273 patients (33.6% of the 813 patients who were tested positive in the initial mass screening). Of these 273 patients, 69 cases of Pca (25.3% of 273) were confirmed by biopsy in the second screening, with an overall detection rate for Pca of 0.57% (69/12,027). The total number of patients in stages A, B, T1, or T2 was 57.9%, and over 20% of them suffered from late stage Pca with lymph node and bone metastasis. An obvious positive correlation was observed between ABCD staging, TNM staging, and serum PSA level.

CONCLUSIONSSerum PSA level is not only the golden standard for mass screening of Pca, but also the predictor for clinical stage of Pca. PSA testing revealed asymptomatic Pca cases in early, middle, and later stages in the elderly, suggesting that mass screening is of paramount importance.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE：To study general chara cteristics and medication of medical damage liability disputes cases caused by medication error ， and to provide references for related departments and medical staff for preventing and reducing medication-induced medical disputes. METHODS ：A total of 240 cases of medical damage liability disputes cases caused by medication error were collected from Peking University ’s Fabao Law Database during Jan. 2001 to Feb. 2020，and analyzed in terms of general situation ，damage outcome ，level of the hospital involved ，liability judgment and compensation ，types of medication error and drug types. RESULTS ：medication-related medical damage liability disputes accounted for 25.3％ of overall medical damage disputes ；the most damage result of patients was death （68.3％）；medical negligence forensic appraisal was conducted as the main appraisal pattern with a proportion of 57.9％；the average case compensation was 203，000 yuan；the hospitals involved were mainly tertiary hospitals （48.8％）；the main type of medication error involved was prescription error ； chemical medicine was mainly involved ，of which the top three categories were systemic antibacterial ，systemic corticosteroids and antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS ：ADR caused by medication errors are the common causes of medical disputes. Medical institutions should focus on improving the relevant systems and processes ，strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical information and automation system ，and reduce the probability of medication errors ；at the same time ，great importance should be paid to the cultivation of pharmaceutical talents in hospital ，give full play to the role of pharmacists ，and strengthen the monitoring and intervention of medication errors. Finally ，the relevant national judicial departments should constantly improve the settlement mechanism of medical damage liability disputes to provide reasonable protection for both doctors and patients.