BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional (3D) biological printing uses tissue engineering and stem cel research results, and takes living cel s and other cel active ingredients as printing materials, final y realizing biological tissue printing and production. OBJECTIVE:To review the application and research progress of 3D printing in the field of orthopaedics. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed, Ovid, and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures about application and research progress of 3D printing in the field of orthopaedics, al of which were published from 2007 to 2016.“three-dimensional printing, 3D printing, plastic and reconstructive surgery, orthopaedic, organ printing”were used as keywords during the searching process. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 articles were included for further analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:3D printing was mainly applied into craniomaxil ofacial reconstruction, nose, ear and cartilage reconstruction, breast reconstruction, and skin printing. Its application in bone and prosthetic fabrication was quite mature. Based on the development of 3D printing from prosthetic fabrication to bioactive printing, organ printing wil eventual y become reality to completely solve the autologous or al ograft transplantation limitations.

Objective To investigate two techniques and outcome in repairing facial concave deficits.Methods Eleven patients with facial concave deformity were included in this study:nine were treated with autologous fat granule injection,1,3 and 5 patients were given fat granules injection fourth,twice and once,respectivly.The other 2 patients were repaired with homolateral temporal fascia flap.Results The implantation by using autologous fat granules in all 9 patients showed excellent results.Homolateral temporal fascia flaps were used in 2 cases,one of which was formed hematoma after operation and scavenged thereafter.All the patients had satisfactory results.Conclusion Both approaches well rehabilitate patients' facial contour,and thus are capable of repairing moderate or minimal facial concave deficit and worth recommendation.

Objective To investigate the effect of lysostaphin on golden staphylococcal bacteria in vitro and on acestoma tissue.Methods Effects of lysostaphin on golden staphylococcal bacteria,Candida albicans and P.aeruginosa were detected by drug sensitivity test.Quantitative analysis of bacteria was used to detect the effect of lysostaphin on golden staphylococcal bacteria in 29 cases of 10%-30% TBSA.Results Most golden staphylococcal bacteria,as well as Candida albicans could be killed by lysostaphin.Lysostaphin had little effect on P.aeruginosa.Eighty-nine percent bacteria could be killed by lysostaphin after gauze with lysostaphin had been used for over 3 d,indicating lysostaphin may control bacteria quantity and improve survival rate of skin graft on granulation tissue.Gauze with lysostaphin contained biological enzymes and it had no systemic side effects.Conclusion Gauze with lysostaphin may be available on controlling golden staphylococcal bacteria as well as Candida albicans in burnt patients.Lysostaphin is effective in controlling residual trauma infected by golden staphylococcal bacteria.

BACKGROUND: The traditional treatment for skin donor site wound was focus on anti-infection and wound protection, which roof a long time for healing. Studies demonstrated that recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) has accelerated effect or epidermal regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of rhEGF on wound healing of skin donor site. METHODS: A total of 32 cases needs wound healing by skin grafting were collected, including 18 males and 14 females. The 32 skin graft donor site wounds were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group, the absorbent gauze was sprinkle soaked with rhEGF (15 mL/ramus, 2 000 IU/mL) and covered the donor site, twice per day. In the control group, donor site was covered by physiological saline gauze and wrapped with dressing, twice per day. After 48 hours, semi-exposed therapy was performed. The healing time of wounds, the systemic and local adverse reactions of patients and blood routine examination and renal function detection prior to and after treatment were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The healing time of wound in the rhEGF treatment group was shorter than that in the control group with significant differences (P < 0.01). No Adverse events or side effects were observed in the rhEGF treatment group. rhEGF can shorten wound healing time, reduce scar hyperplasia, and accelerate epithelization at the graft donor.

Objective To evaluate the effect of three different doses of oxycodone hydrochloride injection on uterine cramping pain and emotion in patients of artificial abortion.Methods Four hundred female patients, aged 17-38 years, BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2, falling into ASA physical statusⅠ orⅡ, undergoing elective artificial abortion were randomized into four groups using a random number table:group O1 (oxycodone 0.06 mg/kg), group O2 (oxycodone 0.08 mg/kg), group O3 (oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg), and group F, 100 cases in each.In group O1, group O2 and group O3, oxycodone 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 mg/kg were intravenously injected respectively, while in group F fentanyl1μg/kg was intravenously injected.Then, propofol 2.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected as induced dose.The operation was started when eyelash reflexes disappeared, propofol 0.4 mg/kg was intravenously injected when body movement appeared during the operation.The propofol doses, operation time and recovery time were recorded.HR, MAP, RR before anesthesia (T0), when loss of eyelash reflex (T1), operation (T2) and recovery (T3) were recorded.The uterine cramping pain was assessed with numerical rating scale (NRS) at recovery, 10, 30, 60 min after operation.Patients'satisfaction was recorded after operation.Patients'emotion was assessed with positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) both before and after operation in one hour.Rescue analgesia, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, respiratory depression, pruritus, uroschesis, cognitive dysfunction, sweatiness were recorded.Results The propofol doses and recovery time in groups O2, O3 and F were significantly lower than those in group O1 (P<0.05).The NRS score of uterine cramping pain in groups O1, O2 and O3 were significantly lower than that in group F (P<0.05).Patients'satisfaction in groups O1, O2 and O3 were significantly higher than that in group F (P<0.05).The positive affective score after operation in one hour among the four groups were significantly higher than that before operation (P<0.05), and the negative affective score after operation in one hour among the four groups were significantly lower than that before operation (P<0.05).The positive affective score after operation in one hour in groups O1, O2 and O3 were significantly higher than that in group F (P<0.05), and the rescue analgesia in groups O1, O2 and O3 were significantly lower than that in group F (P<0.05).There were no significant differences among the four groups as to the dizziness, nausea and vomiting.No respiratory depression, pruritus, emergence agitation, cognitive dysfunction, uroschesis and sweatiness were reported.Conclusion Oxycodone 0.08 mg/kg combined with propofol in patients undergoing artificial abortion is effective in preventing uterine cramping pain.Furthermore, the patients'satisfaction and positive affective score can also be improved.