Objective To evaluate the occurrence rate and agents of the bacterial contamination of bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) .Methods In a prospective study ,50 patients (100 eyes) underwent PRK .Conjunctival sac se‐creta were placed onto chocolate agar before PRK .All patients accepted bandage contact lenses and anti‐inflammatory drug therapy . Contact lenses and conjunctival sac secreta were placed onto chocolate agar after PRK .Corrected visual acuity ,intraocular pressure and corneal thickness were compared in the 2 groups .Results Among 100 pieces of cornea contact lens ,3 pieces (3% ) were tested positive for bacteria detection and bacteria were staphylococcus epidermis .All conjunctival sac secreta of preoperative and postoper‐ative were not detected bacteria ,postoperative eye infection was not found .Between the positive and negative groups ,tear secretion , may be related to cultivate positive correlation .Conclusion Bacterial contamination is possible when using bandage contact lenses after PRK ,specially for patients with less tear secretion .

Objective Through the practice of new practice teaching methods, to observe whether it can help students to strengthen their self-identity as ‘trainee doctors’. Methods By sim-ulating interrogation, building simulation medical environment and increasing operation project, the practice operation abilities and sense of identity were improved,The questionnaire were required to fill in at the beginning and at the end of the term, and the differences between two teaching methods in advantages, characteristics and the identity of ‘trainee doctors’by their own pairing were compared. Data were analyzed by software SPSS 18.0. Results The new teaching model, to a certain extent, alleviated the present situation of having relatively more students and insufficient source, which was superior to traditional teaching mode in improving students' initiative, enthusiasm, learning ability, practical ability, analysis of the problems, comprehensive ability and so on. It also enabled students to master some of doctor-patient communication skills(P<0.001), to realize the identity of‘trainee doctors’ (Z=-7.671, P<0.001). Conclusion The new practice teaching mode has solved the problems such as insufficient source in clinical teaching. It has also increased the initiative and enthusiasm of students' clinical learning, so that students can think, analyze and deal with the problems from the point of view of doctors, and implement the identity of a‘trainee doctor’.

China ; epidemiology ; Dust ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Silicosis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

AIMTo establish a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatographic (SPE-HPLC) method for determining plasma scutellarin concentration, and study its pharmacokinetics after i.v. breviscapine in rabbits.

METHODSMethanol-water-phosphoric acid (50:50:0.5) mixture was used as mobile phase, Nucleosil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID) was selected. The wavelength of UV detection was 335 nm. Fifteen rabbits, randomized into 3 groups, were given breviscapine i.v. at the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg.kg-1. Scutellarin in plasma was determined by SPE-HPLC method.

RESULTSLinearity was obtained over the range of 0.02-10.0 mg.L-1 of scutellarin. The method recovery was 96.15%-99.31%; the within-day and between-day RSDs were all below 10%. After i.v. 10, 20 and 40 mg.kg-1 of breviscapine to rabbits, the concentration-time curve of scutellarin fitted to a three compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant difference between low and medium doses, but the difference was significant between high dose and other doses.

CONCLUSIONThis assay method was accurate, sensitive, simple and suitable for the measurement of plasma scutellarin concentration. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were found to fit a three-compartment model following i.v. injection of breviscapine to rabbits. The changes of drug concentration in vivo exhibited linear kinetics ove the dosage range of 10-20 mg.kg-1, but when the dosage was 40 mg.kg-1, the linear kinetic properties disappeared.

Animals ; Apigenin ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavonoids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical significance of human papillomavirus in paraffin-embedded cervical cancer and precancerous lesion tissue by gene clip technology.METHODS 153 Patients with paraffin-embedded examples.DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS The positive rate of high-risk HPV of inflammation was 8.33%,CINⅠ45.83%,CINⅡ/CINⅢ 87.50% and invasive cancer 92.21%.The HPV infection rate of squamous cell carcinoma was 94.12%.The HPV infection rate of adenocarcinoma was 88.46%.Among all the patients with cervical cancer and CIN,the infection rate of HPV16,the most genotype,was 88.98%.The infection rate of HPV18,the second most subtype,was 33.06%.In addition,the minority were infected HPV52、33、59、68.Among 48 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma,the infection rate of HPV16,HPV18 was 93.73% and 27.08% respectively.Among 23 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma,the infection rate of HPV16,HPV18 was 82.61% and 52.17% respectively.On the other hand,all the patients with cervicitis were HPV single infection.The HPV multiple infection rate of CINⅠ,CINⅡ/CINⅢ,cervical cancer was 20.00%,28.57%,36.62% respectively.CONCLUSIONS Gene chip technology can detect multiple HPV genotypes in paraffin-embedded tissues with high sensitivity and specificity,which is useful in the pathogenesis and prevention of cervical cancer.

AIMTo investigate protective effects of ginkgolide B (GB) in different administration modes on glutamate-induced neuronal damage.

METHODSEssential GB were obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction. Glutamate excitotoxicity were examined in primary cultures from neonatal Wistar rat, by using of Trypan blue dye staining, testing the lactate dehydrogenase leakage from cultured neurons and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The protective effects of GB in different administration modes (pre-treatment and post-treatment) were adopted and compared with the NMDA receptor uncompetitive antagonist-MK-801 in acute-treatment.

RESULTSTreatment with GB in two administration modes both could increase ratio of surviving neuron, decrease LDH efflux and reduce ratio of neuron apoptosis in different degree, depended on dose in certain range. The protective effect of pre-treatment was superior to post-treatment, but inferior to MK-801.

CONCLUSIONGB can protect neurons against glutamate damage, and preventive using has more efficiency. The potential mechanism of its neural protection may be not only related to PAF receptor. If the predominant protection effect of GB in pretreatment is considered, precautionary intervention to high-risk population could have more value.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Ginkgolides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; adverse effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lactones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective action of Epimedium against chemotherapy-induced damage to rat epididymides.

METHODSFifty 60-day-old male rats were divided into a control, a model and a treatment group. Procarbazine was injected into the abdominal cavity of the model rats at the dose of 30 mg/(kg x d). In addition to procarbazine, Epimedium was given intragastrically to the treatment group. The changes in the ultrastructure of the epididymis were observed after 10 and 20 days.

RESULTSElectron microscopy showed that the chemotherapy-induced damages to the epididymal epithelia mainly included cell swelling, local cavitation of mitochondria, tumor-like change in nucleoli, agglutination of marginal translocation of heterochromatin and cell apoptosis. The damage to the epithelial ultrastructure was slight in the treatment group as compared with the model rats. Chemotherapy significantly affected sperm concentration, sperm viability and sialic acid (SA), which were (15.59 +/- 4.01) x 10(6)/ml, (76.71 +/- 10.11)% and (19.38 +/- 9.34) g/mg prot in the model group in comparison with (10.63 +/- 3.82) x 10(6)/ml (P < 0.01), (60.03 +/- 7.54)% (P < 0.01) and (13.62 +/- 7.81) g/g prot (P < 0.05) in the control. Epimedium significantly increased sperm viability in the treatment group (60.03 +/- 7.54)% as compared with the model rats (69.90 +/- 12.58)% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEpimedium can lessen chemotherapy-induced damage to the epididymis and protect the reproductive function of rats.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epididymis ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; ultrastructure ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Infertility, Male ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Influenza is a global contagious disease, which causes hundreds of thousands of people deaths. And new subtype of influenza may cause pandemic influenza, and lead to more serious consequence. Drugs for anti-influenza have played very important roles in influenza treatment and prevention, especially neuraminidase inhibitors are effective on both influenza A and B which have more safety and tolerance, therefore they have been widely used for influenza treatment. However, several viral drug-resistant cases have been reported. In this paper, the clinic therapy, prevention and drug resistance of neuraminidase inhibitors, including zanamivir, oseltamivir and peramivir, and progress in the research and development in our country are presented in order to promote research and development of new drugs for influenza treatment and prevention.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; virology ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Oseltamivir ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Zanamivir ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

The study was purposed to investigate the possible mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) induced p16 gene demethylation and transcription regulation in the malignant lymphoma cell line-CA46. The induced growth inhibition of CA46 cells was assayed by growth curve and MTT; the DNA content of CA46 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after being exposed to EGCG; the methylation status of the p16 gene in CA46 cell line before and after treatment with EGCG was detected by the nested-methylation specific PCR and DNA sequencing; the mRNA of p16 and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) gene were determined by RT-PCR. The results showed that in comparison with the control, all the 3 different concentration of EGCG were able to inhibit the growth of malignancy cell lines and increase the cell number in G(0)/G(1) phase. After treatment with EGCG for 48 hours, the methylation level was apparently attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of p16 gene in untreated group was mild while in the treated groups it had been greatly strengthened, as compared with untreated group, the gray scale ratio of p16 to beta-actin 1 treated with EGCG (6, 12, 24) microg/ml was increased from (0.05 +/- 0. 01) to (0.19 +/- 0.03), (0.39 +/- 0.10), (0.85 +/- 0.09) respectively, exhibiting a significant difference (p < 0.05); as compared with the untreated group, after treatment with EGCG for 48 hours, the expressions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B were obviously down-regulated. It is concluded that EGCG can activate and up-regulate the expression of p16 gene mRNA which inhibits the proliferation of CA46 cell through inducing the G(0)/G(1) arrest by demethylation and/or by inhibiting DNMT3A and DNMT3B gene.
Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.The aim of the current study was to determine the risk factors for AKI in patients undergoing OLT.A total of 103 patients who received OLT between January 2015 and May 2016 in Tongji Hospital,China,were retrospectively analyzed.Their demographic characteristics and perioperative parameters were collected,and AKI was diagnosed using 2012 Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging criteria.It was found that the incidence of AKI was 40.8％ in this cohort and AKI was significantly associated with body mass index,urine volume,operation duration (especially ＞ 480 min),and the postoperative use of vasopressors.It was concluded that relative low urine output,long operation duration,and the postoperative use of vasopressors are risk factors for AKI following OLT.