Objective To discuss the efficacy of tantalum rod implantation combined with bone transplantation in the treatment of early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Methods Twenty-four male patients were re cruited.Twelve patients were allocated to the tantalum rod and bone implantation group.The mean age was 35.7 years.Twelve patients were allocated to the tantalum rod implantation group.The mean age was 33.2 years.All patients with stage Ⅱ osteonecrosis.Results All patients were followed up with an average of 42.5 ± 6.7 months.The final evaluation was made according to the last follow-up data.In the tantalum rod implantation group,the average score of pre-operation and post-operation were 65.3±6.3,82.6 ± 5.3 respectively with a statistic difference (P ＜ 0.05).Two of patients underwent total hip replacement before the end of this study,significant difference was observed in the aspect of radiographic progression (P ＜ 0.05).In the tantalum rod implantation combined with bone marrow stem cell transplantation group,the average score was 92.2 ± 1.0 with a statistic difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no one of patients underwent total hip replacement before the end of this study.Significant difference was observed in the aspect of radiographic progression (P ＜ 0.05).Between the two groups,a significant difference was observed in clin ical symptoms in favor of the tantalum rod implantation combined with bone transplantation group(P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was observed in the aspect of radiographic progression (P ＞ 0.05).Significant difference was observed in the aspect of survivorship of the femoral head(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tantalum rod implantation combined with bone transplantation improves clinical symptoms and delay total hip arthoplasty than tantalum rod implantation.