AIM: To explore the role of imbalance of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in lung injury by observing the changes of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Mas receptor protein expression in the lung and the degree of lung injury subject to limb ischemia-reperfusion (LIR) in the mice.METHODS: Male ICR mice (n=42, 8 weeks old) were randomly assigned into 7 groups (6 in each group), including control group and 6 model groups with LIR of 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h reperfusion.Tourniquets were used to block the blood flow of the hind limbs of the ICR mice and were released after 2 h ischemia to initiate reperfusion.The mice were sacrificed by eyeball blood withdrawal at different time points after reperfusion.The organ coefficient and wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung tissue were calculated.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was taken for cell counting and protein concentration measurement.The histopathological changes of the lung tissues was observed, and the pathological score was calculated.The protein expression of AT1R and Mas receptor in the lung tissues was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The organ coefficient, W/D of lung tissue, and cell number and protein concentration in BALF of model groups were significantly higher than those in control group after LIR.The pathological changes were found in the lung tissue of model mice, including alveolar capillary dilation and congestion, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration in peripheral vascular, alveolar and bronchial walls, alveolar septal thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration.The lung injury score was elevated gradually along with the extension of reperfusion time.The protein expression of AT1R began to increase at reperfusion time points of 0.5 h and 1 h.With the extension of reperfusion time, the protein expression of AT1R decreased gradually.Conversely, the protein expression of Mas receptor increased gradually with prolonged reperfusion.CONCLUSION: LIR induces acute lung injury gradually.The imbalance of AT1R and Mas receptor expression may be involved in the damage process.

This study was conducted to characterise phytochemicals and to explore the biological activities of Vitex negundo leaves. The washed, course powder of V. negundo leaves were extracted with different solvents of increasing polarity. All the extracts were characterized and biological activities were compared. The results revealed that the ethanolic and cold water extracts showed the presence of all phytochemicals studied except protein compared to other extracts. Further, the quantitative estimation of phytochemicals showed that the ethanolic extract had highest yield and maximum amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids with the least amount of tannins compared to other extracts studied. Furthermore, the highest total polyphenol content corresponds with the potent biological activities. Indeed, in vitro antioxidant and antisteroidogenic activities were highest in the ethanolic extract than others. To conclude, the present study is the first to report the characterization and antiandrogenic property of V. negundo leaf extracts. The ethanolic extract of V. negundo leaves can be used as an antioxidant and antiandrogenic agent. Hence, it can be considered for the treatment of hyperandrogenic conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome, etc.

BACKGROUND: The management of complex pattern of bleeding associated with pelvic trauma remains a big chalenge for trauma surgeons. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of angioembolisation and pelvic packing in patients with pelvic trauma. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of electronic information sources, including MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; the CENTRAL; the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry; ClinicalTrials.gov; ISRCTN Register, and bibliographic reference lists. The primary outcome was defined as mortality. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Results are reported as the odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: We identified 3 observational studies reporting a total of 120 patients undergoing angioembolisation (n=60) or pelvic packing (n=60) for pelvic trauma. Reporting of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was variable, with higher ISS in the pelvic packing group. The risk of bias was low in two studies, and moderate in one. The pooled analysis demonstrated that angioembolisation did not significantly reduce mortality in patients with pelvic trauma compared to surgery (OR=1.99; 95％CI= 0.83–4.78,P=0.12). There was mild between-study heterogeneity (I2=0％, P=0.65). CONCLUSION: Our analysis found no significant difference in mortality between angioembolisation and pelvic packing in patients with traumatic pelvic haemorrhage. The current level of evidence in this context is very limited and insufficient to support the superiority of a treatment modality. Future research is required.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the research are to examine the problems of abnormal menopausal women: the relationship between depression and menopausal-specific quality of life (MENQOL)-symptoms among postmenopausal women; the association of MENQOL-symptoms between pre- and postmenopausal female society in Bangladeshi real community. METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted on 435 women of Tangail, aged (≥ 17) years, using a structured questionnaire where is inaacluded the information of MENQOL and one of the main outcomes “depression” is measured by beck depression inventory. RESULTS: Menopausal status and MENQOL symptoms (except pain) are significantly (P < 0.05) associated. By using post-hoc analysis, the proportion of menopausal women, classified as having a depressive mood of early menopause is significantly higher than natural-menopause. Among postmenopausal women, there is a significant correlation between “concentration problem” and “depression”. Here mean depression score (29.40 ± 6.42) of menopausal women who have any difficulty in concentrating is higher than mean depression score (20.89 ± 6.64) of menopausal women who have no difficulty in concentrating. Another six factors (osteoporosis, heart-beating, fatigue, pressure, tingling, headaches) of MENQOL-symptoms were significantly correlated with depression and P-values are 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.033, 0.006, and 0.002, respectively. Finally the presence of “difficulty in concentrating” and “fatigue” are strongly associated factors with depression score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The early postmenopausal women have to face more psychological problems (e.g., depression) compare to others. Among postmenopausal women, there is no significant relation between depression and vasomotor symptom (e.g., hot-flashes) perspective to menopausal female society of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh* ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Depression* ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Quality of Life*

Proximal gastrectomy (PG) has been tried as a function-preserving surgery for management of early upper gastric cancer. However, Reflux symptoms and stricture limit its applicability. We designed an anastomosis between the distal part of the posterior esophageal wall and the proximal part of the anterior wall of the stomach to make an anti-reflux mechanism. We named it the SPADE operation owing to its spade-like shape and because it is an acronym for a spade-shaped esophagogastrostomy after PG, which creates a partially duplicated esophagogastric wall. This video illustrates the case of a 74-year-old man diagnosed with early gastric cancer in the high body of the stomach along the greater curvature. We performed a totally laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and a SPADE operation. He was discharged on the 7th postoperative day with an uneventful postoperative course and resumption of diet without reflux symptoms.
Aged ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diet ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

Objective: To investigate the elemental composition of the leaves and flowers of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) due to the plant's wide application in the indigenous medicinal system and its chemical constituents' importance. Methods: The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for quantitative analysis of various elements. Results: Total 13 important elements were analyzed in leaves and flowers of C. roseus. Results indicated the presence of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cr, Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd and Mn in both leaves and flowers. The most important finding of the work was that, leaves of C. roseus showed high concentration of all elements except K and Zn while flowers of C. roseus showed higher concentration of K and Zn. Conclusions: The elemental composition in both leaves and flowers of C. roseus were found to be different. Therefore, different parts of this medicinal plant are enriched in some micro and macro nutrients like Fe, Ca, Na, K, Zn, which are very important for biological metabolic system as well as human health.